• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the muscle activity of the abdominalis and erector spinae during bridging and unilateral bridging exercises on the firm surface, the sir-fit, and the foam roll. Eighteen healthy young subjects were recruited for this study. Surface electromyographic (EMG) activities were recorded from the both sides of the rectus abdominalis, external obliques, internal obliques, and erector spinae muscles during bridging and unilateral bridging-exercises. A one-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the EMG activity of each muscle according to the support surface condition. Differences in the EMG activities between the bridging and unilateral bridging exercises, and between the right and left side were assessed using a paired t-test. The study showed that the EMG activities of all of the muscles were significantly higher when the bridging exercise was performed using the foam roll or sit-fit than on the firm surface. The EMG activities of the right rectus abdominis, right external obliques, the right internal oblique, and both erector spinae were significantly higher during unilateral bridging ex exercise using the foam roll or the sit-fit than on the firm surface. The EMG activities of all of the muscles were significantly higher during the unilateral bridging exercise than during the bridging exercise. Based on these finding, performing the unilateral bridging exercise using the sit-fit or the foam roll is a useful method for facilitating trunk muscle strength and lumbar stability.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Background: The continuous co-contraction of the trunk muscles through trunk stabilization exercises is important to patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). However, intentional abdominal muscle contraction (IAMC) for trunk stabilization has been used only for specific training in the treatment room. Objects: The purpose of this study was to provide feedback to adults with LSS to enable IAMC during activities of daily living (ADLs). Methods: The participants with spinal stenosis were divided into an experimental group of 15 adults and a control group of 16 adults. Electromyographic signals were measured while the subjects kept their both hands held up at $90^{\circ}$. The measured muscles were the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES). Pelvic tilt was measured using a digital pelvic inclinometer. The degree of pain was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and functional capacity was measured using the Korean version of the Oswestry disability index (KODI). Results: While the experimental group showed statistically significantly higher activities in the RA, EO, and IO after the intervention compared with the control group. Pelvic tilt was significantly decreased only in the experimental group. Both the experimental and control groups exhibited statistically significant declines in the VAS and KODI (p<.01). In terms of the levels of changes, the experimental group exhibited a statistically significant larger decline only in the VAS and the pelvic tilt when compared with the control group (p<.05). Conclusions: The subjects could stabilize their trunks, and relieve their pain and dysfunctions and reduce pelvic tilt by learning abdominal muscle contraction during ADLs. The combination of therapeutic exercises and IAMC may have greater effects on patients with LSS.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.1253-1261
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• 1996

CDMA mobile system (CMS)의 base station (BS)은 호 처리 프로토콜을 처리함 으로써 이동 가입자들에게 호 서비스를 제공한다. BS의 호 처리를 담당하는 시스템은 base station transceiver subsystem (BTS)과 base station controller (BSC)로 구성 된다. 이 논문에서는 호가 발생했을 경우, 제어 신호 및 트래픽 신호에 대해 성능 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 BS에서 발생 할 수도 있는 병목현상 (bottleneck) 및 문제점도 발견하고자 한다. BS의 호 처리 용량을 평가하기 위하여 첫째, BS의 모델에 필요한 주요 파라메터들을 추출한다. 둘째, BS의 시뮬레이션 모델을 제시한다. 셋째, traffic channel elements (TCEs), BTS interconnection network (BIN)-CDMA interconnection network (CIN)트렁크, 트랜스 코딩 채널(transcoding channel) 및 CIN 패킷 라우터 (packet router) 에 대한 호 손을(call blocking probability), 가용도(utilization ratio)및 지연 시간(delay time)등의 주요 요소들을 구하여 시뮬레이션 결과를 평가한다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.81-84
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• 1970

1) 본 보고는 사과나무 부란성병의 발생상황에 대하여 주산지인 충북, 충남, 경북등 3개도에서 1967년부터 1970년까지 4년 간 조사한 것이다. 2) 피해상황은 각지방에서 $30\%$ 내외가 감염되어 사과재배에 큰 위협을 주고 있다. 3) 수령별로는 대체로 수령이 많아질 수록 발병이 심한 펀이었다. 4) 품종간에는 홍옥의$6.1\%$가 가장 발병이 많았고 그 외는 Golden Delicious, 인도, 국광, 축의 순위였다. 5) 시비관계는 질소다량시비구가 $21.9\%$로 소양시비구에 비하여 약 1/3정도 발병이 많았으며, 붕소를 사용한 과원은 대조과원보다 약 1/4-1/6 정도로 발병률이 감소되었다. 6) 재배지대별로 보면 충북에서는 하천지대에 발병이 심했으나 경북지방은 대체로 하천, 평야, 구릉지대 어디서나 비슷한 경향이었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2009

Since July 2005, survey of chestnut ink disease was carried out in chestnut stands located at southern parts of Korea. Dead chestnut trees showing inky ooze on necrotic trunks were found in two different locations. In order to isolate and identify the causal fungus, infected tissues and soil samples around dead or dying trees were collected and placed on Phytophthora-selective medium. Rhododendron and chestnut tree leaves were used as a bait to isolate the fungus from soil samples by attracting zoospores in soil suspensions. On V-8 culture medium, the isolates produced homothallic oogonia with protuberances ($34.0-46.2{\times}21.9-26.7{\mu}m$) abundantly, but did not produced sporangia. Mass production of sporangia was possible by immersing agar plugs with actively growing mycelium in the creek water at $18^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. Sporangia were papillate, and ovoid to obpyriform ($17.0-38.9{\times}14.6-29.2{\mu}m$) in shape. Comparison of the ITS sequences revealed that the isolates had 100% identity to the P. katsurae isolates from Japan and New Zealand and 99.6% identity to other P. katsurae isolates. All of the examined isolates from Korea were completely identical to each other in ITS sequence. Numerous sporangia were formed in filtered as well as unfiltered creek water, but no sporangia formed in sterilized distilled water. Light induced sporangia formation, but has no influence on oospore formation. Amendments of ${\beta}$-sitosterol in culture media have no significant effect on mycelial growth but significantly stimulate oospore and sporangia formation.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.349-361
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop bodice basic patterns fitted on different body types of adult women. To meet this purpose, first, human bodies were measured using tight fitting technique and classified based on the shapes of upper trunk. The subjects were 214 women $20{\sim}39$ years of age. For the measurement of female upper trunk, tight fitting technique was utilized. The development of figures of upper trunks were obtained from women. These development of figures were then digitized and analysed using the PAD system. A total of 155 measurements were taken from each of the development of figures. then, 32 measurements were selected for the further analysis. As complimentary data, 22 direct body measurements using an anthropometric method and 23 body measurements using a photographic method from the side view pictures of the participants were also obtained. The results and discussions of this study are as follows: Using the body measurements from the development of figures, a factor analysis and a cluster analysis were conducted. As a result, the body types were classified into 5 different types, which differ in terms of bust volumes, shoulder slopes, shoulder tilts, back silhouettes, body axises. The prominent characteristics of each type are as follows: The first type has a large bust volume. The second type has a right figure. The third type has a rounded back silhouette. The fourth type has a back silhouette of scapular coming backward. Finally the fifth type has a shoulder tilted forward.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1992

Benign peripheral nerve tumors, although infrequent, must be considered as a possible cause of pain and disability in the extremities. There are three varieties of these tumors that are of clinical importance: neurilemmomas, neurofibromas, and post-traumatic neuroma. Neurilemmomas are the most common primary solitary tumor of the peripheral nerve trunks, and are almost always benign, Neurofibromas may occur as a solitary nerve tumor, but can present as multiple lesions as in von Recklinghausen's disease. Clinically, this tumor may presents as a solitary mass in the subcutaneous tissue which is centrally located with the nerve fibers travelling through the tumor mass. Traumatic neuroma is the proliferation of nerve elements with connective tissue during the process of regeneration from severed nerves undergoing Wallerian degeration, and is therefore not a true neoplasm. A neuroma-in-countinuity is the result of partial severance of a nerve, or of a crushing or traction injury in which all or part of the epineurium and perineurium is intact. We experienced each of the three varieties. With magnification, the neurilemmoma was removed by meticulous dissection from the parent nerve preserving the normal fascicles to which it was attached. The neurofibroma was excised and the nerve was reconstructed with interposed vein graft and the neuroma-in-continuity was excised and reconstructed with sural nerve graft. We report histologic characteristics of each tumors and the methods to repair the nerve defects after tumor excision with brief discussion.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2002

Background : The term "mononeuropathy multiplex" means simultaneous or sequential involvement of individual noncontiguous nerve trunks, evolving over days to years. The aim of this study was to delineate the causes, clinical features, and detailed electrophysiological findings in the patients with mononeuropathy multiplex. Methods : We analyzed the medical records of 22 patients with mononeuropathy multiplex confirmed on electrophysiological studies in Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital, and Seoul National University Hospital between 1991 to 2000. Results : The number of male and female patients was equal. The mean age was 48 years with a peak incidence in the sixth decade. The etiology could be divided into vasculitis(11 patients) or non-vasculitis group. In vasculitis group, Churg-Strauss syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, and rheumatoid arthritis were included. The non-vasculitis group included diabetes mellitus, leprosy, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ulnar and median nerves were most commonly involved(91%). In descending order of frequency, peroneal, posterior tibial, sural, and radial nerves were also involved. Bilateral involvement occurred most commonly in ulnar nerve. The symptoms and signs of mononeuropathy multiplex were the initial manifestations in 12 patients(55%), which was more frequent in vasculitis group(73%). Nerve conduction abnormalities could be divided into axonal, demyelinating, or mixed type. Most(91%) of the patients in vasculitis group revealed axonal type abnormalities. The location of the nerve lesion was frequently related to potential site of entrapment in demyelinating type. Conclusions : Mononeuropathy multiplex is the presenting features of the etiological disease frequently, especially in vasculitis group. Nerve conduction studies(NCS) reveals not only axonal type but also demyelinating type abnormalities. The etiological diseases were different in each type. Therefore, NCS is very helpful for the early etiological diagnosis and therapeutic implication in the patients with mononeuropathy multiplex.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 1991

Four male swamp buffaloes weighing $460.5{\pm}44.6kg$ were used to study the effects of different cooling techniques on draught capacity. Each animal carted an 882 kg load on the same asphalt road for one hour during four different time periods: 9:00-10:00 A.M., 10:30-11:30 A.M., 2:00-3:00 P.M. and 3:30-4:30 P.M. Simultaneously, all animals were subjected to five different treatments on five days of similar environmental conditions. In Treatment 1, animals were put stationary in a field and did no work; in Treatment 2, animals were worked without any cooling method; in Treatment 3, fifteen-minute wallow was allowed to animals prior to working; in Treatment 4, animals were covered with wetted jute bags while working, and in Treatment 5, two buckets of water were poured over the buffaloes' trunks just prior to working. The experiment was conducted from April to July 1989, when the weather was very hot. It was found that cooling methods and working times did not affect the draught efficiency of buffaloes during the one hour, but did affect physiological traits. The work load had a larger partial effect on physiological responses of buffalo other than respiration rate than did climatic variables except on the respiration rate of the buffaloes. One cooling technique that seemed to slow the increase of body temperature while working was covering the buffalo's back with wetted jute bags. Animals working at different times had significant differences in the increase of physiological traits except pulse rate.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

As the production of palm oil has been increased, the generation of oil palm biomass is also increased and the utilization of the oil palm biomass become more significant topic. One third of the oil palm biomass is empty fruit bunch (EFB) and the other two thirds are oil palm trunks and fronds. However, the effective use of oil palm biomass has not been developed and most of it is discarded near oil palm plants. In this study, we investigated the applicability of EFB to the paperboard mills, as an organic filler. The new organic filler was manufactured in a laboratory by grinding and fractionating dried EFB powder, and its properties were analyzed. The particles of EFB organic filler were larger and more spherical than those of the commercial wood powder. The use of EFB organic filler resulted in a higher bulk of the handsheets with similar trends of physical strength, compared to those made with wood powder. It was concluded that EFB could be used as a raw material to manufacture organic filler for paperboard production.