• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1994년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 창원대학교; 08월 09일 Apr. 1994
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• pp.561-568
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• 1994

A man model can be used as an effective tool to design ergonomically sound products and workplaces, and subsequently evaluate them properly. For a man model to be truly useful, it must be integrated with a posture prediction model which should be capable of representing the human arm reach posture in the context of equipments and workspaces. Since the human movement possesses redundant degrees of freedom, accurate representation or prediction of human movement was known to be a difficult problem. To solve this redundancy problem, a psychophysical cost function was suggested in this study which defines a cost value for each joint movement angle. The psychophysical cost function developed integrates the psychophysical discomfort of joints and the joint range availability concept which has been used for redundant arm manipulation in robotics to predict the arm reach posture. To properly predict an arm reach posture, an arm reach posture prediction model was then developed in which a posture configuration that provides the minimum total cost is chosen. The predictivity of the psychophysical cost function was compared with that of the biomechanical cost function which is based on the minimization of joint torque. Here, the human body is regarded as a two-dimensional multi-link system which consists of four links ; trunk, upper arm, lower arm and hand. Real reach postures were photographed from the subjects and were compared to the postures predicted by the model. Results showed that the postures predicted by the psychophysical cost function closely simulated human reach postures and the predictivity was more accurate than that by the biomechanical cost function.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2010

Scapular position and motion are essential for normal upper limb mobility; Further, the posture of patients with thoracic kyphosis is related to shoulder girdle function and disorder. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of thoracic posture on the shoulder range of motion and on three-dimensional scapular kinematics. Thirty healthy subjects performed right-arm abduction along the frontal plane while standing in both erect and in slouched trunk posture. The scapular position and rotation, and shoulder and thoracic angles were recorded using a motion analysis system. The scapular upward rotation and internal rotation were significantly altered according to postural tatiges; however, scapular tilt was not affected. Shoulder angle was significantly decreased in the slouched posture as c rpared to tatt in the erect posture. Thus, a slouched posture(thoracic kyphosis) significantly affects the shoulder range of motion and scapular kinematics during shoulder abduction in the frontal plane.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effects of Yoga exercise on improvements in physical flexibility, posture management behavior, and self-efficacy in adolescents. Method: In this study, the design was a quasi-experimental research design with a one group pretest-posttest design. Participants were 32 students from one high school in Busan Metropolitan City, Korea, who did not engage in regular aerobic exercise and were willing to participate in this study. Yoga exercise was conducted for 70 minutes twice a week for 15 weeks. The data were collected from March 16 to June 22, 2004. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and paired t-test with SPSS Win 12.0. Results: Trunk flexibility, posture management behavior, and self-efficacy significantly increased after the yoga exercise. Conclusion: Yoga exercise is recommended as a useful nursing intervention that could help prevent spinal-curvature-related disorders among adolescents.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of applying clam exercise on improving trunk control and balance ability in stroke patients. Based on this, we tried to provide clinical information. Methods: In this study, 18 patients with chronic stroke were recruited from a rehabilitation hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: a clam exercise group (9 patients) and a control group (9 patients). After 30 minutes of neuro-development therapy, they performed clam exercise or bridge exercise for 3 weeks, 5 times a week for 30 minutes. A trunk impairment scale (TIS) and a postural assessment scale for stroke patients-trunk control (PASS-TC) were performed to evaluate the subjects' ability to control trunk before and after intervention. Balance ability was measured by Balancia before and after intervention. Results: After the training periods, area 95% COP and weight distribution of the affected side were significantly different from the clam exercise group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, in can be seen that the clam exercise is effective in improving the balance ability compared to the bridge exercise. Maintaining the standing posture requires muscle strength of the hip abduction and extension, which is the result of the clam exercise selectively strengthening these muscles. Therefore, if you want to provide intervention to improve the balance of stroke patients, it is recommended to perform a clam exercise.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4098-4106
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• 2012

본 연구는 경직성 양하지 뇌성마비 아동을 대상으로 하여 체간 근력 강화 운동이 앉은 자세 균형 수행력과 근 긴장도 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상자는 대운동 분류 시스템 제 IV단계의 경직성 양하지 뇌성마비 아동 16명을 무작위로 배분하여 주 3회 6주 동안 실시하였고, 실험군은 체간 근력 강화 운동을 대조군은 기본 물리치료만 실시하였다. 체간 근력 강화 운동은 복부근과 배부근 강화를 위한 2가지 운동으로 구성하였다. 대상자들의 균형 수행력 측정은 BPM(Balance Performance Monitor)를 사용하였고 근 긴장도 측정은 MMAS(Modified Modified Ashworth Scale)를 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 앉은 자세 균형수행력 변화에서 실험군과 대조군의 동요거리, 동요속도에서 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<.05), 앉은 자세 균형 수행력 변화 비교에서 실험군과 대조군 사이에 동요속도, 동요거리에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 또한 근긴장도 측정 결과 실험군과 대조군의 무릎관절 굽힘근, 엉덩관절 모음근에서 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p>.05). 따라서 실험군과 대조군 모두에서 균형 수행력 향상이 나타났지만 실험군에서 조금 더 유의하게 향상되었고, 근 긴장도의 변화는 두 군에서 나타나지 않았다. 경직성 양하지 뇌성마비 아동에게 체간 근력 강화 운동은 근 긴장도의 변화 없이 앉은 자세 균형 수행력을 향상시키는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate changes in the cervical and lumbar flexion-relaxation ratio, range of motion, pressure pain threshold, and perceived comfort following the wearing of a trunk brace during smartphone watching. Methods: To calculate the number of subjects for this study, an analysis with G^*Power was performed at a statistical power of 0.8, an effect size of 0.5, and a significance level of 0.05, based on the results of a preliminary experiment on five subjects. In total, 27 adult men and women were recruited who had been informed of the study's purpose and process and had agreed to participate. All subjects watched content on a smartphone for 20 minutes in the same posture and conditions while wearing and not wearing a trunk brace, and then their cervical and lumbar flexion-relaxation ratio, range of motion, pressure pain threshold, and perceived comfort were measured. Results: Compared to the non-wearing of a trunk brace, the wearing of a trunk brace resulted in a statistically significant smaller decline in cervical extension and right-side cervical rotation (p<0.05). When the subjects wore a trunk brace, their right- and left-side cervical and right-side lumbar pressure pain statistically significantly improved when compared to not wearing a trunk brace (p<0.05). They also perceived a significantly lowered level of comfort 20 minutes after wearing a trunk brace compared to immediately after wearing it (p<0.05). Conclusion: The trunk brace was effective in reducing declines in right-side cervical rotation and the occurrence of left- and right-side cervical and right-side lumbar pressure pain. The findings indicate the need to improve the perceived comfort of trunk braces.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trunk muscle strengthening exercises on balance performance of sitting posture and upper extremity function, targeting the children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. METHODS: 20 children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy were sampled at random and the tests were conducted for 6 weeks, 3 times per week. For experimental groups, basic physical therapy and trunk muscle strengthening exercises were conducted and for control groups, only basic physical therapy was conducted. BPM(Balance Performance Monitor) was used to measure balance performance and QUEST(quality of upper extremity skills test) was used to measure the upper extremity function. RESULTS: The comparison of changes in sitting balance performance in between experimental groups and control groups show significant difference (p<.05), the changes of the upper extremity function in experimental groups and control groups show significant difference (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Trunk muscle strengthening exercises are effective in improving balance performance and the upper extremity function for the children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of spinal stabilization exercises using visual feedback on the gross motor function and balance of the sitting posture in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: The subjects were 18 children with cerebral palsy aged 8-15 years in the I-III stages of the Gross Motor Function Classification System. The subjects were divided into an experimental group (n=9) and control group (n=9). The experimental group was treated with 30 minutes of neurodevelopmental treatment and 20 minutes of spinal stabilization exercises using visual feedback. The control group was treated with 30 minutes of neurodevelopmental treatment and 20 minutes of spinal stabilization exercises without visual feedback. Both groups participated in the experiment twice a week for eight weeks. The Gross Motor Function Measurement was performed to evaluate the changes between pre- and the post-intervention in gross motor function. The Seated Limit of Stability Surface Area was measured to evaluate the changes in trunk balance. Results: Both experimental and control groups showed a significant increase in the gross motor function and trunk balance (p<0.05). The experimental group showed a significant increase in gross motor function compared to the control group (p<0.05). The experimental group showed a significant increase in the dynamic trunk balance in all directions when measuring the Seated Limit of Stability Surface Area (p<0.05). Conclusion: Spinal stabilization exercises using visual feedback for the neurodevelopmental treatment of children with cerebral palsy can improve their gross motor function and trunk balance when in a sitting posture more effectively.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leg lift difference on serratus and upper trapezius when exercising in a scapula in a prone position, a typical waist stabilization exercise for subjects with a winged scapula. Method: Twenty normal adults and 20 subjects with winged scapula participated in the experiment. The surface EMG recordings were obtained from external oblique muscle and internal oblique muscle during scapula protraction exercise. The presence or absence of winging of the shoulder bone was measured using an electronic digital caliper for the distance the medial border of the scapula is lifted to the rear. In prostrate pier movement posture in both groups, both legs supporting, dominant leg lifting, and non-dominant leg lifting including the scapula protraction were conducted respectively. Results: In the results of comparison between the two groups, the dominant external oblique muscle and the non-dominant internal oblique muscle tended to increase according to the difference of the leg lifting of normal people. In the winged scapula group, internal oblique muscle showed increased muscle activity more than external oblique muscle. Conclusion: It was most effective to exercise with lifting the same position leg for strengthening the same external oblique muscle, and the opposite internal oblique muscle. Also, it is effective to exercise in prone pier movement posture for trunk stability. In addition, internal oblique muscle shows increased muscle activity in subjects with winged scapula. Therefore, appropriate adjustment of external oblique muscle and internal oblique muscle may have a positive effect on scapula dysfunction for trunk stability.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the body alignment on the type and weight of the bag. Methods: The Subjects(n=62) measured posture alignment and make out the questionnaire. The questionnaire item was type of the bag, weight of the bag, side which carries the bag, and time to carry the bag. The posture alignment measured by global posture system(GPS). GPS Measurement was ASIA, acromion process, medial malleolus on Frontal plane, ear, shoulder joint, knee joint, lateral malleolus on sagittal plane, and trunk rotation on transverse plane. Results: The backpack and shoulder bag was no significant. The width of the strap bag was not significant. The side which carries on shoulder bag was statistical significance(p<.05). The time to carry the bag was statistical significance on change of posture(p<.05). A bag weight was no significant. Conclusion: This research provides the direction and carry the bag in time for the posture. This study showed that type and weight of bag does affect body alignment. This indicates that there is an interaction that plays a crucial roles in the type and weight of bag and the body alignment.