• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.466-470
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• 2007

Nowadays burcucumber(Sicyos angulatus L.) has been widely used as a rootstock of Cucurbitaceae. The study was done to examine the effects of shading with different colored fabrics(white, red and aluminum-coated) on growth and cotyledon chlorophyll content of its seedling. Shading with the white colored fabric lengthened seedling height and hypocotyl length, but shading with the red colored fabric enlarged true leaf area. Total dry weight of each seedling was decreased in the order of no shading, white, red and aluminum, in which resulted from reductions of cotyledon dry weight in white colored fabric, cotyledon and true leaf dry weight in red colored fabric, and dry weight of cotyledon, true leaf and root in aluminum colored fabric. Cotyledon chlorophyll content was reduced by shading treatments although the 3 shading treatments showed nearly same content.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 1990

The effect of bio-fertilizer, which was manufactured poultry manure, on the fall performance of Korean lawngrass was determined on a clay loam soil. Plant length was characterized by increasing the amount of bio-fertilizer applied. This trend was also true in dry matter yield of tops during the experimental period from August 31 through October 30. Both tiller numbers and stolon length steadily increased with increasing amount of bio-fertilizer applied, and 40m/t application of bio-fertilizer was found to be most effective on both components. performance shown on November 5 was prominent for both green leaf and root weights when the increased amount of bio-fertilizer was applied. Korean lawngrass had three times as much green leaf weight with 40m/t application of bio-fertilizer as with other treatments. Several functions of increment of above- ground part components caused by increasing root weight, which is greatly affected by bio-fertilizer application, was discussed. Turf quality was much improved by applying bio-fertilizer, indicating that this fertilizer might play an improtant role in respect of soil structure, water retention etc.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted with nine wheat geno-types to choose the wheat which has excellent early vigour. 'Vigour 18' and 'ZL 59A' are excellent in the long coleoptile genotype, while 'Amery' and 'Janz' are excellent in the short coleoptile genotype. Responding to the growth stage and nitrogen level, Vigour 18 is predominant in the long coleoptile genogype, while Janz in the short coleoptile genotype. Responding to sowing density and nitrogen level, the higher the sowing density was, the shorter the leaf area of Vigour 18 and Janz. Also the leaf area turned out to larger in the plot fertilized with high nitrogen than in the plot fertilized with low nitrogen. This is true of leaf weight and root weight. Concerning specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR), the higher the sowing density was, the SLA tended to grow larger, while the SLA grew larger in the plot fertilized with low nitrogen, as were found in Vigour 18 and Janz. The roots of long coleoptile genotype, Vigour 18, turned out to grow longest on the plot sown with 3 seeds. While the roots of short coleoptile genotype, Janz, grew longest on the plot sown with 2 seeds. The relative growth rate (RGR) was the same at low N rates and high N rates. The RGR was 0.071 and 0.072 g $g^{-1}d^{-1}$ at low N rates and high N rates. The partitioning of RGR into net assimilation rate (NAR) and LAR showed that the average LAR at low N rates was similar to the LAR at high N rates. Variation within each cultivar in the LAR and NAR was small relative to the difference between them at low N rates and high N rates. Above ground mass was 8.2 mg greater at high N rates than low N rates, whereas leaf area was 0.05 $\textrm{m}^2$$kg^{-l}$ greater at high N rates than low N rates. The NAR was similar at low N rates and high N rates, whereas LAR was greater at high N rates (0.05 $\textrm{m}^2$$kg^{-l}$); variation in SLA was responsible for the variation in NAR and LAR both at low N rates and high N rates. NAR was more closely associated with the reciprocal of SLA.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 1999

This study in concerned with the costume accessories appeared in Sam Kuk Sa ki. The accessories of both sexes were analized. Results of this research can be summarized as follows : It was appeared that names of accessories of men were fewer in number than those of women. Men\`s accessories such as a hat, bok-du, a belt,boots, shoes, and sock were mentioned in Sam Kuk Sa Ki. Women\`s accessories appeared such as a hat, a comb, a hair pin, a belt, shoes, and sock. A bok-du, boots, and a hared belt were used exclusively by men, while a hat, kwan(冠), a comb, a hair pin, a scarf, pyo( ) were worn exclusively by women. All men from different classes including true bone class as well as the common class wore bok-du, a hat, a hard belt, boots, sock ; however, class distinctions were made from materials used for those items. Also women\`s accessories were used as means of differentiating social status of the wearer by means of materials employed for each item. Especially, woman\`s hat and scarf were a symbol of the noble class. Only two classes of women from the true-bone class and women from the sixth du-pum class entited to wear hats. Wearing a scarf was not allowed to women from the common class. Class dirrernetiations were made by the materials used for hats and scarves. Materials for a scarf such as gold and silver leaf, pecock tail, and king fisher fly feather were restricted to women from true-bone class. Such as man\`s hat bok-du( 頭), use of women\`s comb and hair pin, scarf, leggings were items drived from Tang China. It clearly showed that costume accessories of Silla were heavily influenced by the Chinese. At the same time the costume accessories were sued to make sex difference among the people of Silla. Woman wore a soft belt made of cloth while man wore a hard belt. Woman\`s hat, a scarf, a comb, a hair pin, a belt or sash for a shirt, and leggings were woman\`s sex symbol. Thus, costume accessories of Silla appeared in Sam Kum Sa Ki functioned as means of differentiating social status of the wearer such as sex,class and rank in the society. Also, they showed that Silla kingdom had close cultural relationship with Tang China.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.480-488
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• 1994

Low seedling growth rates of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) have been limited its good establishment to pastures. The experiment was done to determine the effect of removal of cotyledon and unifoliolate on the growth and morphological characters of contrasting white clover cultivars for 8 weeks after the treatment. Individual plants of cv. Regal (large leaf), Louisiana S-l (medium-large leaf), Grasslands Huia (medium-small leaf) and Aberystwyth S184 (small leaf) were grown in 10cm plastic pot containing a 2:1:1 soil:sand:peat moss mixture until the cotyledon or unifoliolate stage and then removed one (C1) or two cotyledons (C2) at cotyledon stage, and unifoliolate only (U), unifoliolate and one cotyledon (DC1) or unifoliolate and two cotyledons (DC2) at the unifoliolate stage. To measure the removal effect on biomass and morphological characters (leaf area, petiole and stolon lengths, growing tips and leaves), plants were sampled 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the treatment. Intact plants had greater biomass and morphological characters than removal-treated ones, Removal treatments at cotyledon stage, C1 and C2, were decreased more biomass and morphological characters than removal ones at unifoliolate stage while the severer cotyledon removal, the more reduction. Stolon length per plant and petiole length markedly inclined 6 weeks after the treatments although biomass and the other characters continuously did. Relatively large-leaved cultivar had more biomass, leaf area per plant and longer petiole than the other(s) but the reverse results were true in stolon length, growing tips and no. of leaves per plant. Biomass was linearly increased with increased leaf area but the earlier and severer removal, the less slope. The severer damage of cotyledon and unifoliolate had detrimental effects on the growth and aftermath establishment of white clover

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.677-682
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• 2019

Hand leaf thinning for improvement of fruit coloration and quality is one of the most labor-consuming works in Korean apple cultivation. The study was aimed at investigating whether foliar application of two chelate compounds (Cu-EDTA, Fe-EDTA) could defoliate effectively 'Hongro'/M.9 apple leaves and enhance fruit coloration and quality. At 30 days before harvest, foliar spray with two chelate compounds defoliated significantly the apple leaves. Chelate treatments did not affect the leaf chlorophyll content. High concentration of chelates decreased drastically photosynthetic rate of true leaves, and then it stayed in low levels, whereas low levels of chelates reduced sharply the photosynthetic rate but it was gradually restored over time. Cu-EDTA regardless of its concentration triggered higher defoliation compared to Fe-EDTA. Consequently, higher defoliation improved light interception of fruits and accumulated more anthocyanin. Particularly, Cu-EDTA could target mainly fruit cluster leaves which affect directly light interception of the fruits, i.e. more selective defoliants compared to Fe-EDTA. However, 3% Cu-EDTA rather defoliated excessively, accompanying with reduction of fruit weight and soluble solids. Therefore, our results suggest that 1% Cu-EDTA which defoliates properly the fruit cluster leaves could improve coloration and quality of 'Hongro'/M.9 apple fruits.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2008

A simple, high-frequency and reproducible protocol for induction of adventitious shoot buds and plant regeneration from leaf-disc cultures of Jatropha curcas L. has been developed. Adventitious shoot buds were induced from very young leaf explants of in vitro germinated seedlings as well as mature field-grown plants cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) ($2.27{\mu}M$), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) ($2.22{\mu}M$) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) ($0.49{\mu}M$). The presence of TDZ in the induction medium has greater influence on the induction of adventitious shoot buds, whereas BA in the absence of TDZ promoted callus induction rather than shoot buds. Induced shoot buds were multiplied and elongated into shoots following transfer to the MS medium supplemented with BA ($4.44{\mu}M$), kinetin (Kn) ($2.33{\mu}M$), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ($1.43{\mu}M$), and gibberellic acid ($GA_3$) ($0.72{\mu}M$). Well-developed shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with IBA ($0.5{\mu}M$) after 30 days. Regenerated plants after 2 months of acclimatization were successfully transferred to the field without visible morphological variation. This protocol might find use in mass production of true-to-type plants and in production of transgenic plants through Agrobacterium/biolistic-mediated transformation.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2015

We suggest a method to configure feature functions of continuous conditional random field (C-CRF). Regression tree and similarity analysis are introduced to construct the first and second feature functions of C-CRF, respectively. Rules from the regression tree are transformed to logic functions. If a logic in the set of rules is true for a data then it returns the corresponding value of leaf node and zero, otherwise. We build an Euclidean similarity matrix to define neighborhood, which constitute the second feature function. Using two feature functions, we make a C-CRF model and an illustrate example is provided.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2019

Abstract. This research was conducted to figure out the optimal size of the plug cell and seedling raising period in 'Nongwoo' and 'Nonghyeop' cultivars. In the first experiment on effect of plug cell size on growth of squash, seedlings were transplanted into hydroponic cultivation beds at different growing stages: Those in 32-cell trays with 3-4 true leaves at 25 days after sowing, those in 50-cell trays with 2 true leaves at 15 days after sowing, those in 105-cell trays just before a true leaf development, and those in 162-cell trays with only cotyledons at 8 days after sowing. In the second experiment on effect of seedling raising period on growth of squash, it was conducted to have different sowing dates. But the same transplanting date, based on the results of Experiment 1, and compared the differences in growth and fruit productivity as affected by plug cell size in the same way with experiment 1 including the cultivars and environmental conditions. After setting the transplanting date in advance, the number of days for sowing were calculated back for each treatment. In the first experiment, plant height was the greatest in 105-cell trays followed by 162, 50 and 32-cell trays in both cultivars. The best fruit quality was found in different treatments depending on the cultivars, although it was the lowest in 32-cell trays in both cultivars. The fruit quality was not significantly different among those from cell sizes. Therefore, when raising seedlings in 105-cell trays, the period of raising seedlings can be shortened as compared with the conventional 32-cell trays, and this change could reduce the workforce required for growing and transplanting seedlings. In the second experiment, after transplanting, shoot height and leaf width in the first measurement in both cultivars were greater in the 32-cell treatment. However, the last measurement after four weeks showed no significant difference in plant height, but significantly greatest leaf width in the smallest cell treatment, even as compared with that in 32-cell treatment. In case of 'Nongwoo', length and weight of the first harvested fruit showed the highest values in the treatment of 105-cell trays. In case of 'Nonghyeop' the 162-cell treatment along with the 105-cell treatment showed greatest length and weight of the first fruits. From these results, zucchini plug seedlings can be raised in plug trays with reduced cell sizes than the conventional 32-cell trays with improved fruit productivity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.152-155
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• 2003

Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus L.), used as a medicinal or rootstock for cucurbitaceous crops have shown high variation in seed maturity and size. This study was carried out to determine the effect of seed maturity and size on seed germination, seedling emergence and growth of burcucumber, Seeds collected from a native site were divided into small, medium and large ones after sorted to mature and immature ones. Their germination, seedling emergence and growth were done in indoor and a green house. Mature seeds showed higher germination and seedling emergence rate than immature ones. Regardless of their maturity, medium. and small seeds showed higher germination rate than large ones. Medium and large seeds, however, had the greatest and the least seedling emergence, respectively. Seedling height, number of true leaves areas of cotyledons and true leaves except hypocotyl length were increased with increased seed size although were not affected by the maturity. Cotyledon, leaf, hypocotyl, root and their total dry weights were greater in large mature seeds than large immature ones while increased with increased seed size in both maturities.