• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.66-82
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to elucidate the inhibitory effect of Yukmijihwangtang-gagambang (YMG) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cell. Methods: To demonstrate the inhibitory effects of YMG on melanin synthesis, we measured the amount of released and produced melanin in B16F10 melanoma cell. Also, we evaluated tyrosinase-activity in vitro as well as in B16F10 melanoma cell. And to investigate the action mechanism we assessed the gene expressions of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, MMP-2, PKA, PKC${\beta}$, ERK-1 ERK-2, AKT-1 and MITF in B16F10 melanoma cells. Results: 1. YMG decreased the release and production of melanin in B16F10 melanoma cells. 2. YMG decreased tyrosinase activity in vitro and in B16F10 melanoma cells. 3. YMG decreased the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, PKA, PKC${\beta}$ and MMP-2 in B16F10 melanoma cells. 4. YMG increased the expression of ERK-1, ERK-2, and AKT-1 in B16F10 melanoma cells. 5. YMG decreased the expression of MITF in B16F10 melanoma cells. Conclusion: From these results, we suggest that YMG inhibit melanin synthesis via tyrosinase inhibition and regulation of the gene expression in B16F10 melanoma cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1371-1377
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• 2006

Gene polymorphisms that are associated with sodium homeostasis in the body, such as $\alpha-adducin$ (ADDI, Gly460Trp), angiotensinogen (AGT, Met235Thr), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, Ins/Del) may increase the risk for the development of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the singular and combined effects of ADD1, AGT, ACE genotypes, and blood pressure in elderly population. Moreover, we examined the interaction of sodium intake and polymorphisms of aforementioned genes and their effects on blood pressure. Among one hundred and nine female subjects, aged 60 and over (mean 75.9 yr), the major alleles for ADD1, AGT, and ACE polymorphisms in the studied population were Gly (66.1%), Thr (64.2%), Ins (83.5%), respectively. Analysis on the combined effects of genetic variation showed that subjects who were both ADD1 Trp/Trp and ACE Del/Del homozygotes had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (p=0.01). Similarly, ACE Del/Del homozygotes who had AGT Met allele had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001). However, in single-gene analyses, no association was found between any specific genotype and blood pressure. In subjects with low sodium intake, ADD1 Trp/Trp homozygotes had significantly higher systolic blood pressure than subjects who had ADD1 Gly allele (138 mmHg vs. 127 mmHg, p=0.03). There was no difference in blood pressure between ADD1 Trp/Trp and ADD1 Gly/Gly or Gly/Trp, in subjects with high sodium intake. In summary, this study shows that interactions between the ADD1, AGT and ACE genes influence systolic and diastolic blood pressure in elderly subjects, and dietary sodium intake can modulate the effects of ADD1 Gly460Trp polymorphisms on systolic blood pres sure.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.28-45
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to elucidate the inhibitory effect of Yukmijihwangtanghapyijihwangagambang (YM) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Methods: To demonstrate the inhibitory effects of YM on melanin synthesis, we measured the amount of released and produced melanin in B16F10 melanoma call. Also, we evaluated tyrosinase-activity in vitro as well as in B16F10 melanoma call. And to investigate the action mechanism, we assessed the gene expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, PKA, $PKC{\beta}$, ERK-1 ERK-2, AKT-1 and MITF in B16F10 melanoma call. Results: 1. YM decreased the release and production of melanin in B16F10 melanoma cells. 2. YM decreased tyrosinase activity in vitro and in B16F10 melanoma cells. 3. YM decreased the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 in B16F10 melanoma cells. 4. YM decreased the expression of PKA, $PKC{\beta}$ in B16F10 melanoma cells. 5. YM increased the expression of ERK-1, ERK-2 and AKT-1 in B16F10 melanoma cells. 6. YM decreased the expression of MITF in B16F10 melanoma cells. Conclusion: From these results, it may be concluded that YM has antimelanogenetic effects.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 1990

To improve the stability of recombinant pBR322-trip$^+$ plasmid (pLTW24) in E. coli culture, a positive selection system was devised. A DNA fragment containing pheW$^+$ gene (a structural gene for tRNA$^{phe}$ was isolated and inserted into the pBR322-trip$^+$ plasmid(pLTP24). A temperature sensitive host strain. LC901-pheS$^{-ts}$, was constructed for this plasmid by transducing pheS$^{-ts}$ allele (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase) to E. coli LC901 using P1kc bacteriophage. The LC901-pheS$^{-ts}$ cells were unable to grow at a restrictive temperature when they had lost the pBR322 :: pheW$^+$ (pLTP24) plasmid. The effects of pheW$^+$ gene on the plasmid stability and the expression level of trip$^+$ gene in LC901-pheS$^{-ts}$ strain were investigated. The proportion of Trip$^+$ colonies among LC901-pheS$^{-ts}$ strain carrying plasmid pLTP24 was 99%, whereas that of LC901 strain carrying plasmid pLTW24 was 7% at the end of 20 generations. After 100 generations of growth, the strain LC901-pheS$^{-ts}$ carrying plasmid pLTP24 showed little loss of plasmids. While the majority of plasmid pLTW24 in LC901 strain were lost in the same period. The activities of tryptophan synthetase (T. Sase) and anthranilate synthetase (A. Sase) in LC901 strain carrying pLTW24 were about 1.2 times and 1.8 times respectively of those in LC901-pheS$^{-ts}$ strain carrying pLTP24.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 2002

Gly460Trp polymorphism of a-adducin gene has been reported to be associated with hypertension in some populations, and we, therefore, attempted to replicate this finding in Korean population. There were no significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of Gly460Trp polymorphism in Korean normotensives and hypertensives, respectively. The meta-analysis revealed that the Mantel-Haenszel estimate of the odds ratio across the studies was 1.17 (95%CI 1.04-1.31), and that there was significant evidence against homogeneity of the odds ratio among the studies included (Breslow-Day test = 27.34, df = 9, p = 0.001). Although the meta- analysis appeared in favour of association between the Gly4601tf polymorphism of $\alpha$-adducin gene and hypertension, there was the considerable heterogeneity among the studies and the evidence is also rather borderline. Further comprehensive approaches are needed to resolve this debatable issue.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1403-1409
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• 2017

In this study, the xylitol dehydrogenase (XYL2) gene was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a host cell for ease of use in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass (xylose). To select suitable expression systems for the S.XYL2 gene from S. cerevisiae and the P.XYL2 gene from Pichia stipitis, $pGMF{\alpha}-S.XYL2$, $pGMF{\alpha}-P.XYL2$, $pAMF{\alpha}-S.XYL2$ and $pAMF{\alpha}-P.XYL2$ plasmids with the GAL10 promoter and ADH1 promoter, respectively, were constructed. The mating factor ${\alpha}$ ($MF{\alpha}$) signal sequence was also connected to each promoter to allow secretion. Each plasmid was transformed into S. cerevisiae $SEY2102{\Delta}trp1$ strain and the xylitol dehydrogenase activity was investigated. The GAL10 promoter proved more suitable than the ADH1 promoter for expression of the XYL2 gene, and the xylitol dehydrogenase activity from P. stipitis was twice that from S. cerevisiae. The xylitol dehydrogenase showed $NAD^+$-dependent activity and about 77% of the recombinant xylitol dehydrogenase was secreted into the periplasmic space of the $SEY2102{\Delta}trp1/pGMF{\alpha}-P.XYL2$ strain. The xylitol dehydrogenase activity was increased by up to 41% when a glucose/xylose mixture was supplied as a carbon source, rather than glucose alone. The expression system and culture conditions optimized in this study resulted in large amounts of xylitol dehydrogenase using S. cerevisiae as the host strain, indicating the potential of this expression system for use in bioethanol production and industrial applications.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.95-109
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the inhibitory effect of Sihosogansangagambang (SS) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells (B16F10). Methods: The inhibitory effects of Sihosogansangagambang on melanin synthesis were used by in vitro assay. To elucidate inhibitory effects of SS on melanin synthesis, we determined the melanin release in B16F10. And to investigate the mechanism of inhibitory effect of SS, we assessed the gene expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and ERK-1 in B16F10. Results: 1. SS decreased the release of melanin in B16F10 melanoma cells. 2. SS inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro. 3. SS decreased the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-2 in B16F10 melanoma cells, but did not decreased the expression of TRP-1 in B16F10 melanoma cells. 4. SS decreased the expression of ERK-1 in B16F10 melanoma cells. Conclusion: From these results, it may be suggested that SS is possesed of the antimelanogenetic effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2016

This research was carried out to identify the whitening effect of Banana leaf extract. B16F10 cells were used to measure cell viability, mRNA expression, and tyrosinase activity inhibition assay from B16F10 cell. We also carried out clinical test of the cream product containing banana leaf extract. In this study, we elucidated the effects of banana leaf extract on TRP1 / TRP2 / Tyr mRNA expression and tyrosinase activity inhibition. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that banana leaf extract decreased mRNA level of TRP1, TRP2 and Tyr gene and tyrosinase activity inhibition assay also revealed that banana leaf extract 65% decreased melanin production in B16F10 cell. Banana leaf extract cream can whiten the skin darkness induced by ultraviolet. Therefore, we successfully identified the whitening effect of banana leaf extract, and this finding suggested the banana leaf extract is a considerable potent cosmetic ingredient for skin whitening. Based on this, we anticipated further researches about banana leaf extract for mechanism to develop not only cosmetics but healthcare food or medicines.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4783-4788
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• 2012

Objective: Previous studies of the association between X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene polymorphisms and the gliomas risk have yielded conflicting results, and thus a meta-analysis was performed to provide a more accurate estimation. Methods: A computerized literature search of 5 electronic databases was conducted to identify the relevant studies. Fixed or random effect models were selected based on the heterogeneity test. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Results: A total of 11 studies (3,810 cases and 6,079 controls), 7 studies (2,928 cases and 5,048 controls), and 4 studies (1,461 cases and 2,593 controls) were finally included in the analyses of the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, and Arg280His polymorphisms and glioma risk, respectively. The pooled results showed that GlnGln carriage was associated with moderately increased risk of gliomas in Asians (GlnGln vs. ArgArg, OR=1.490, 95%CI 1.031-2.153; GlnGln/ArgGln vs. ArgArg, OR=1.321, 95%CI 1.037-1.684), whereas a marginal association was revealed in Caucasians. For the Arg194Trp polymorphism, although a significant association was shown in the homozygous genotype comparisons (TrpTrp vs. ArgArg, OR = 2.209, 95%CI 1.398-2.945), no significant link was found on subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity. With regard to the Arg280His polymorphism, no significant association was found in each comparison. No particular study was found to significantly influence the pooled results, and no potential publication bias was detected. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism is moderately associated with increased risk of gliomas in Asians, while Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms demonstrated no significant influence. Due to the limited studies and the potential confounders, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.176-189
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on obese women and aimed to confirm that the effects of KRG on obesity differ dependently on a gene. Fifty obese women were recruited and randomized to receive KRG (n=24) or placebo (n=26) for 8 wk. Measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), total fat mass, percentage of body fat, resting metabolic rate, basal body temperature, and daily food intake (FI), blood test (serum lipid, liver and renal function), Korean version of obesity-related quality of life scale (KOQOL), and a gene examination were performed. Comparisons of subjects before and after the administration of KRG revealed significant improvements of obesity in terms of weight, body mass index (BMI), WHR, FI, and KOQOL. However, in the comparison between KRG group and placebo group, only KOQOL was significantly different. KRG displayed significant efficacy on BMI and KOQOL in the CT genotype of the G protein beta 3 gene, but not in the CC genotype, on blood sugar test in the Trp64/Arg genotype of the beta 3 adrenergic receptor gene, but not in Trp64/Trp genotype, on KOQOL in the DD genotype of the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene, but not in the ID and DD genotypes. The effects of KRG on obesity were confirmed to some extent. However, a distinct effect compared to placebo was not confirmed. KRG is more effective for improving the secondary issues of the quality of life derived from obesity rather than having direct effects on the obesity-related anthropometric assessment and blood test indices.