• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.179-187
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to explain the uniqueness of tropical space style by identifying it in Southeast Asia. For this purpose, literature review was examined from 26 specialized tropical space style books and categorized. Its results are expected to be used as reference materials in designing spaces related to Southeast Asia and for constructors planning to run their business in Southeast Asia or Korea. The results of categorization are as follows; 'Tropical Traditional', 'Tropical Colonial' and 'Tropical Modern'. First, in case of Tropical Traditional Style, the traditional styles are adopted in roof and some of traditional styles are adopted in walls, windows and doors. Second, in case of Tropical Colonial Style, Renaissance or neo-classical styles are adopted in most of columns, archs, windows and doors. The traditional styles are also blended. Third, in case of Tropical Modern Style, straight line designs are adopted dominantly. However, decorative objects of traditional style are used to catch eyes. In summary, traditional style are imbedded more or less in all of tropical style and particularly, decorative objects of traditional style are key elements representing tropical space.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.345-358
• /
• 2015

Southeast Asia, a typical tropical region, plays an important role in exporting a variety of fruits worldwide. The market for fresh fruits has been growing consistently, and this is a chance for Southeast Asian countries to increase their national income. However, export of tropical fruits has limitations such as a short shelf life and difficulty in maintaining the quality because of tropical climate conditions and undeveloped postharvest technologies in Southeast Asia. An important objective for developing postharvest technologies is to extend the shelf life of fresh fruits without deterioration in fruit quality. Therefore, it is essential to determine factors that affect the shelf life of fruits. The shelf life of tropical fruits is significantly dependent on the inherent properties of the fruits, extrinsic conditions, postharvest treatment, and microbial contamination. Recently, Southeast Asian countries have supported agricultural research groups for developing new postharvest technologies and minimizing postharvest losses and maintaining export fruit quality so that the total sales of tropical fruit farms can increase. This review introduces how the primary factors for extending the shelf life of tropical fruits can be determined and discusses the development of postharvest technologies for tropical fruits in Southeast Asian countries.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.1089-1101
• /
• 2009

In this paper, changes in the intensity (e.g., central pressure and maximum sustained wind speed) of Tropical Cyclone (TC) in summer in the regions located at $30^{\circ}N$ in East Asia from 1988 to 1991 were found. The intensity of TC from 1991 to 2007 was much higher than that of TC from 1965 to 1988. The reason for this was that the frequency of TCs passing China from 1991 to 2007 was much lower than that of TCs from 1965-1988 because a northeasterly wind caused by high-pressure circulation in East Asia got severer along the East Asian coast. Instead, TCs moved from the eastern region of the Tropical West Pacific to Korea and Japan mainly after passing the East China Sea due to the low-pressure circulation strengthened in the subtropical waters of East Asia. In addition, low Vertical Wind Shear (VWS) was created along the mid-latitude regions of East Asia and the main path of TCs from 1991 to 2007. Most of the regions in the Northwestern Pacific showed higher Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from 1991 to 2007, and had a good environment where TCs were able to maintain a higher intensity on the mid-latitude. In particular, a low sensible heat flux occurred due to high snow depth in East Asia in the spring of 1991 to 2007. Accordingly, the lower layer of East Asia showed high-pressure circulation, and the sea surrounding East Asia showed low-pressure circulation. Thus, the typical west-high, east-low pattern of winter atmospheric pressure was shown. The possibility of snowfall in East Asia in spring to be used as a factor for predicting the summer intensity of TC in the mid-latitude regions of East Asia was insinuated. The characteristics of TC in a low-latitude region were the same in Korea. The latest intensity of TCs got higher, and the landing location of TCs gradually changed from the west coast to the south coast.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2008

In the tropical western Pacific (especially, west of 135oE, including South China Sea and the Philippines), during boreal summer, it was found that a strong correlation exists between the tropical cyclone activity and the drought conditions in Korea. During the summer drought, firstly, there were strong ascending flows over the tropical western Pacific with more tropical cyclone genesis, and to compensate for this, descending flows develop in the mid-latitudes, thereby causing drought; in other words, a secondary circulation is formed between the tropical western Pacific and mid-latitudes of East Asia. Secondly, the developments of both the subtropical western Pacific high and the Manchurian low are suppressed. As a result, both the land-sea pressure gradient and the southerly flow from low-latitudes to Korean area are also weakened, which reduces approaches of tropical cyclones to this area despite the high frequency of their geneses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.169-186
• /
• 1993

The grassland regions of Australia, the Pacific and Asia share common latitudes albeit in opposing hemispheres. However, the environmental and socio-cultural context of pasture development in the subtropical and tropical regions of Australia, the Pacific Islands and Asia differ greatly. Successful technology transfer for improved productivity of grazing livestock is beset by three broad challenges; technical, logistical and socio-cultural. The technical challenge of defining the grassland environment and adapting known technology to local conditions can be successfully addressed by local technicians supported by a reservoir of appropriate international expertise. Logistical difficulties that impede provision of infrastructure and continuity of support services are the responsibility of indigenous organizations. Socio-cultural factors are fundamentally pervasive. These challenges, though outwardly obvious, require careful consideration by both donors and recipients of pasture technology to ensure success with pasture development for viable grazing industries.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.1371-1384
• /
• 2015

This study analyzes the characteristics of Western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) activity and large-scale environments according to the Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern in summer. In the positive WP phase, an anomalous cyclone and an anomalous anticyclone develop in the low and middle latitudes of the East Asia, respectively. As a result, southeasterlies are reinforced in the northeast area of the East Asia including Korea and Japan which facilitates the movement of TC to this area, whereas northwesterlies are reinforced in the southwest area of the East Asia including South China and Indochina Peninsula which blocks the movement of TC to this area. Due to the spatial distribution of this reinforced pressure system, TCs develop, move, and turn more to the northeast of WNP than those in the negative WP phase. Consequently, the characteristics of this TC activity in the positive WP phase are associated with the location of upper tropospheric jet further to the northeast. Meanwhile, TCs in the negative WP phase mainly move to the west from Philippines toward south China and Indochina Peninsula. Furthermore, due to the terrain effect caused by the high passage frequency of TCs in the mainland China, the intensity of TCs are weaker than those in the positive WP phase.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.24 no.7
• /
• pp.851-864
• /
• 2015

This study analyzed the climate regime shift using statistical change-point analysis on the time-series tropical cyclone (TC) frequency that affected Japan in July to September. The result showed that there was a significant change in 1995 and since then, it showed a trend of rapidly decreasing frequency. To determine the reason for this, differences between 1995 to 2012 (9512) period and 1978 to 1994 (7894) period were analayzed. First, regarding TC genesis, TCs during the 9512 period showed a characteristic of genesis from the southeast quadrant of the tropical and subtropical western North Pacific and TCs during the 7894 period showed their genesis from the northwest quadrant. Regarding a TC track, TCs in the 7894 period had a strong trend of moving from the far east sea of the Philippines via the East China Sea to the mid-latitude region in East Asia while TCs in the 9512 period showed a trend of moving from the Philippines toward the southern part of China westward. Thus, TC intensity in the 7894 period, which can absorb sufficient energy from the sea as they moved a long distance over the sea, was stronger than that of 9512. Large-scale environments were analyzed to determine the cause of such difference in TC activity occurred between two periods. During the 9512 period, anomalous cold and dry anticyclones were developed strongly in the East Asia continent. As a result, Korea and Japan were affected by the anomalous northerlies thereby preventing TCs in this period from moving toward the mid-latitude region in East Asia. Instead, anomalous easterlies (anomalous trade wind) were developed in the tropical western Pacific so that a high passage frequency from the Philippine to the south China region along the anomalous steering flows was revealed. The characteristics of the anomalous cold and dry anticyclone developed in the East Asia continent were also confirmed by the analysis of air temperature, relative humidity and sensible heat net flux showing that most regions in East Asia had negative values.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 2020

The genus Termitomyces (Lyophyllaceae, Basidiomycota) is often associated with fungus-feeding termites (Macrotermitinae) due to their strong symbiotic relationships. The genus is widely found exclusively in certain regions of Africa and Asia. They are recognized as edible mushroom within Southeast Asia as well. But it is often misidentified based on morphology by the local communities especially in Malaysia for Chlorophyllum molybdites which is a highly poisonous mushroom. Thus, it is necessary to study the genus for Malaysia with the synergy of using both morphological and molecular identification. In this study, we aim to describe another new species as an addition to the genus Termitomyces found within Sabah, Malaysia. We generated two new sequences (nrLSU and mtSSU) for the new species and a total of 28 nrLSU and mtSSU sequences were retrieved from GenBank for the phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences. We identified that the new collection from Sabah province is a new species and named as Termitomyces gilvus based on the termites found in the mound. A phylogeny tree made from the concatenated genes of LSU and mtSSU suggests that T. gilvus is closely related to T. bulborhizus from China. According to our results, the combination of molecular and morphology proved to be a robust approach to re-evaluate the taxonomic status of Termitomyces species in Malaysia. Additional surveys are needed to verify the species diversity and clarify their geographic distribution.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.364-386
• /
• 2021

Six species of the family Kelleriidae, including four new species, are recorded from tropical waters of the Asia-Pacific, two of them from Phuket Island, Thailand, one each from Bohol Island, Philippines and Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam, and two from Kosrae Island, Micronesia. A new genus Kelleriella is proposed to accomodate one of these new species (Kelleriella quadridens n. sp.). There are three diagnostic features of the new genus: the terminal segment of antenna is armed with one strong claw and six setae, the armature of the maxilliped endopod is reduced, and the third exopodal segment of leg 4 is armed with four spines and five setae. The other three new species are Kelleria latipes n. sp., Kelleria phuketensis n. sp., and Kelleria robusta n. sp. As diagnostic features of these new species, their caudal rami are about 2.5, 3.2, and 1.72 times longer than wide, respectively, the exopod of leg 5 of them is smooth, without any process, about 1.9, 3.7, and 2.9 times longer than wide, respectively, and armed with one spine plus one seta in Kelleria latipes and Kelleria phuketensis or with 2 setae in Kelleria robusta. Additionally, Kelleria javaensis Mulyadi, 2009 is synonymized with Kelleria regalis Gurney, 1927 and Kelleria grandisetiger Kim, 2006 is synonymized with Kelleria andamanensis Sewell, 1949, and both species are redescribed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.53 no.5
• /
• pp.575-581
• /
• 2015

Malaria is a tropical disease caused by protozoans of the Plasmodium genus. Delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are strongly associated with higher mortality. In recent years, a greater importance is attributed to Plasmodium knowlesi, a species found mainly in Southeast Asia. Routine parasitological diagnostics are associated with certain limitations and difficulties in unambiguous determination of the parasite species based only on microscopic image. Recently, molecular techniques have been increasingly used for predictive diagnosis. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the risk of travelling to knowlesi malaria endemic areas and to raise awareness among personnel involved in the therapeutic process.