• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate of hepatoprotective effect of dandelion water extract (DWE) according to repeated administration of thioacetamide (TAA) induced hepatotoxicity in Spraque-Dawley rats. Thirty rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups; normal control, DWE-control, TAA-control (TAA injection during the feeding of normal diet), TAA&DWE600 (TAA repeated injection during the feeding of DWE 600 mg/kg BW), TAA&DWE1200 (TAA repeated injection during the feeding of DWE 1,200 mg/kg BW). Rats in DWE-control and TAA&DWE groups were treated with DWE (600 or 1,200 mg/kg BW daily) by gavage for 20 days (twice a day). All the rats in the TAA-control and TAA&DWE groups were repeated injection of TAA (100 mg/kg BW) into the abdominal cavity 3 days interval and 12 hrs later, all rats were sacrificed. At the same time, normal control and DWE-control groups were injected normal saline. In TAA&DWE groups, serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT, AST) were significantly decreased and triglyceride (TG) synthesis was significantly increased compared to TAA group. As well as total billilubin and GGT were slightly decreased by the treatment of DWE. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) concentration was significantly decreased and hepatic GSH content was slightly or significantly increased in the TAA&DWE groups compared to TAA group. Hepatic anti-oxidative enzyme activities, such as GSH, GST, SOD and catalase were slightly or significantly elevated by the treatment of DWE. According to these results, When dandelion extract was long term supplied, it could be used as a potential protective material for a longer time liver damage by repeated adminstration of the TAA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 1988

Total lipids of Korean black Soybean were extracted, purified and fractionated into three lipid classes (Neutral lipid, NL; glycolipid, GL;phospholipid, PL) and the composition of lipid class and fatty acid were studied. Total lipids of black soybean consisted of 88.5% NL, 2.5% GL and-9.0% PL. In the NL, triglycerides were predominant(80.4%) and also sterol esters, hydrocarbons, diglycerides, free fatty acids and sterols were identified. The major component of GL were monogalactosyl diglycerides and esterified steryl glycosides, and then cerebrosides, steryl glycosides, digalactosyl diglycerides were also found. As major component of the PL, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline were observed, other compounds such as phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl serine and lysophosphatidyl choline were also determined. The major fatty acids in the NL and GL were linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, however, PL contained higher relative content of palmitic acid and lower level of oleic acid compared with those of NL and GL.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 1989

Bound lipids(BL) of naked barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) were extracted by different methods and the composition of BL was determined by the procedures of column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. For the extraction, after free lipids were removed from barley flour by petroleum ether(PE) extraction and then BL were extracted from PE treated flour by the solvent systems of water-saturated butanol(WSB) at $25^{\circ}C$(WSB-LT) and at $95^{\circ}C$ (WSB-HT). BL were extracted by WSB-HT with higher extraction yield as 1.5% as dry basis of flour. The contents of neutral lipids(NL), glycolipids(GL) and phospholipid(PL) in BL were $20.7{\sim}35.5%$, $28.7{\sim}32.4%$, $32.1{\sim}50.6%$, respectively with particularly higher content of PL in WSB-HT as 50.6%. Digalactosyl-diglycerides $(40.2{\sim}44.8%)$, monogalactosyl-diglycerides $(20.3{\sim}31.1%)$, sterly glycerides$(11.2{\sim}15.2%)$ and cereb rosides$(11.6{\sim}12.9%)$ were observed in GL. Of the PL in BL, lysophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were the major components. The predominent fatty acids of NL, GL and PL were linoleic and palmitic acids, however, no significant difference was observed in the composition of fatty acids between two extraction methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1184-1189
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Hijikia fusiforme extracts on serum lipid and liver antioxidative enzyme activities in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats divided into 7 groups : We injected saline to a normal group (N), saline and tween 80 to control groups (CS, CT) and tot extracts to experimental groups (CSA, CTEtOH, CTE, CTH) for 7 days and then injected triton at the last day. Serum and liver free cholesterol contents were significantly lower in hexane-treated group (CTH) than control group (CT) whereas serum HDL-cholesterol content was higher in aqueous extract group (CSA) than control group (CS). Total cholesterol and phospholipid contents in serum and liver were lower in aqueous extract group (CSA) than control group (CS). Serum and liver triglyceride contents were significantly lower in ethanol (CTEtOH) and hexane treated group (CTH) than control group (CT). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of liver were lower in tot extract groups (CSA, CTEtOH, CTE, CTH) than control groups (CS, CT). Superoxide dismutase activities in liver were significantly lower in aqueous extracts group (CSA) and hexane treated group (CTH) than control groups (CS, CT). Liver catalase activity was the lowest in ethylacetate extract group. These results showed that some Hijikia fusiforme extracts have reduction effect of lipid and antioxidative effect in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.437-444
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• 2008

Structured lipids(SLs) were synthesized by enzymatic interesterification with DHA-enriched fish oil(containing 27% docosahexaenoic acid) and soybean oil in the hatch-type reactor. The interesterification was performed for 24 hr at $55^{\circ}C$ and TLIM(immobilized lipase from Thermonyces lanuginosa, 10% by weight of total substrates) was mixed with 180 rpm of shaking. The fish oil and soybean oil were interesterifed with several weight ratio(fish oil : soybean oil, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, w:w), Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light-scattering detector separated the triglyceride species of SLs. The products contained the newly synthesized peaks. Especially, one of peaks was distinctively increased with the increasing weight ratio from 2:8 to 5:5 while the peak of trilinolein (LLL) decreased vice versa. The effect of antioxidants such as catechin, BHT(Butylated hydroxytoluene), and their combinations on the oxidative stability in SL were investigated. Oxidative stability was carried out under oven test at $60^{\circ}C$ over 72 hr thereafter SLs were analyzed for total fatty acid content, rancimat, peroxide value, electronic nose and TBARS value. Among all combinations of antioxidant, the highest stability was obtained from 200 ppm of catechin. Besides, total tocopherol ($\alpha$, $\gamma$, and $\delta$-tocopherol), iodine and saponification value were analyzed in which iodine and saponification value of SLs were 151.19 and 182.35.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 1976

Two rice varieties in Korea, an Indica type 'Tongil' and a Japonica type 'Jinheung', were stored at $5^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ for six months and the changes in organoleptic quality and lipid components were investigated to obtain the following results. In storage, both varieties brought about increases of hardness, cohesiveness and gumminess, and a decrease of adhesiveness among textural parameters of cooked rice. Storage at $5^{\circ}C$ showed no change in organoleptic quality but storage at $30^{\circ}C$ caused the occurrence of off-flavor in both varieties and a marked decrease of stickiness in Jinheung. Rice samples before storage contained 5-times more free lipids than bound lipids and free lipid content of Tongil was $70{\sim}80%$ of Jinheung. In storage, bound lipids tended to increase slowly while free lipids increased in both varieties at $5^{\circ}C$ and tended to increase in Tongil and to decrease in Jinheung at $30^{\circ}C$. In free lipid fractions of rice samples before storage were found 9 components including triglycerides, free fatty acids and sterol esters and in bound lipid fractions were found 8 components including free fatty acids and sterol esters, as the major components. In storage, changes in lipid components were more remarkable in free lipids than in bound lipids and in Jinheung than in Tongil. It was, therefore, concluded that Tongil variety had a better storage stability than Jinheung variety and the deterioration of rice quality occurred mainly in free lipid fractions during storage.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1399-1406
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various extracts of Hizikia fusiforme on the anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We used H. fusiforme extracts from ethanol (EEHF), dichloromethane (CFHF), ethyl acetate (EAFHF), butanol (BFHF), and water (WFHF). Treatment with these extracts significantly suppressed terminal differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner as confirmed by a decrease in lipid droplet content through Oil Red O staining; this effect was higher in WFHF than in other extracts. The concentrations of cellular triglyceride were also reduced in 3T3-L1 cells by exposure with these extracts, especially when compared with the controls. Treatment with 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ of WFHF and CFHF caused approximately 42.6% and 23.7% reduction, respectively. In addition, the extracts of H. fusiforme significantly reduced the expression levels of key pro-adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins ${\alpha}$ (C/$EBP{\alpha}$) and C/$EBP{\beta}$ as compared with controls. Accordingly, our data indicated that WFHF has a preeminent effect on inhibition of adipocyte differentiation among various extracts, and H. fusiforme extracts may be an ideal candidate for obesity relief.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

This study was carried out to estimate the effects of loess ($0\%$, $1.5\%$, $3\%$ and $5\%$) on the growth performance, meat quality, and blood composition of broiler chicks. A total of 320 broiler chicks at 1 day of age were divided into 4 groups to feed basal diet (control) and basal diet plus $1.5\%$ to $5.0\%$ loess respectively for 6 weeks. The body weight gain and feed conversion rate were not significantly different among the groups. The contents of moisture and crude fat of meats were significantly different in treatments when compared to that of the control group (P<0.05), but did not show any differences among the groups. The pH values of meats were not different among the treatments. However, water holding capacity was higher in all treated groups than the control. The L of meat color was also increased in all treated groups, but a and b of meat color were not different among the groups. In addition, the contents of unsaturated fatty acid content of meat were higher in the treated groups than the control. The concentrations of HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly lower in all treated groups than the control (P<0.05). Finally, the contents of moisture of excreta were significantly lower in all treated groups than control (P<0.05). Taken together, it was concluded that loess did not improved the growth performance, but had effects on the improvement of meat quality.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.185-193
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental Astragalus membranaceus on performance and meat quality of broiler chicks for 5 weeks. Basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 21％ crude protein for the first three weeks and 19％ for the rest of two weeks. Four levels of dietary Astragalus membranaceus(0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00％) were fed in a one way design. There were four replicates of 50 chicks per treatment. Weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, blood component, breast meat lipid and protein were measured at the end of experiment. No increased growth rate was observed in chicks fed the basal diet supplemented with Astragalus membranaceus. Chicks fed the diet containing 0.5 and 1.00％ Astragalus membranaceus tended to depress the growth rate. Feed intake of 0.25％ Astragalus membranaceus treatment was significantly lower than control group(P<0.05), Dietary supplemental Astragalus membranaceus improved the feed efficiency compared to the control group, but was not significantly different between them. However, Astragalus membranaceus treatment exhibited decreased serum cholesterol and AST compared to those of control group, but was not significantly different between supplemental groups. Serum hematocrit, triglyceride, phosphate and BUN decreased at 0.25％ Asparagus membranaceous supplementation. Growth hormone and IGF-1 (ng/ml) of chicks fed more than 0.50％ Astragalus membranaceus significantly decreased compared to those of control(P<0.05). The total lipid and protein content of chicks fed 0.25 and 0.50％ Astragalus membranaceus tended to increase, but did not show consistency at more than 0.50％ supplement. The results of this experiment indicated that optimum dietary Astragalus membranaceus level to improve the performance and meat quality of broiler chicks may be less than 0.25％.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.703-709
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• 2017

This study analyzed the effect on weight and average daily gain, carcass grade, and blood characteristics and immunity in case of dietary addition of pegmatite to Hanwoo steers. Relative to Hanwoo steers, initial body weight was $257.3{\pm}11.74kg$ (8-months old after birth). Forty-eight Hanwoo steers were fed for 24 months using random arrangement (4 treatment plots${\times}$4 heads${\times}$3 repeat). The treatment plot (498.75~500.82 kg) had higher weight during the early fattening stage compared with that of the control plot (474.37 kg) (p<0.05). Regarding total cholesterol of the blood, the value was similar to one during initiation of testing, but the value increased gradually based on the progress of fattening. In addition, the triglyceride was considerably low in T2~T3 plots with high addition of pegmatite during the late fattening stage compared with other treatment plots (p<0.05). This study revealed a tendency in the IgG content that represented immunity as the addition of pegmatite became higher (p>0.05). This study found that the treatment plot (441.55~452.10 kg) had higher carcass weight compared with the control plot (436.30 kg). However, this study revealed that the treatment plot (2.30~2.55 points) had higher carcass quantity grade compared with the control plot (2.11 points). This study found that the control plot (3.55 points) had higher carcass quality grade compared with the treatment plot (2.67~3.09 points) (p>0.05). With studies combined, it was determined that dietary addition of pegmatite to the feed as clay minerals in fattening Hanwoo steers would improve feed intake, body weight gain and carcass quantity grade.