• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 1995

Trichomes found in the genus Cimicifuga were examined with scanning electron microscopy. Four basic types of trichomes were found in the genus; (1) filiform unicellular trichomes, (2) saccate unicellular trichomes, (3) pyriform unicellular trichomes, and (4) uniseriate multicellular trichomes. All the taxa examined develop at least two different types of trichomes, and many taxa are distinguished by differences in type, microornamentation, density, and position of trichomes. In addition, trichome features appear to be very useful in recognizing species relationships in the genus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2000

The achene morphology about 16 taxa of Korean Aster L. sensu lato were investigated to estimate its taxonomic values. The achene shapes were divided into four types; oblanceolate-oblong, obovate, oblong and obovate-oblong. The trichome shape on achene six types; uniseriate-conical, filiform, cylindrical, capitate type, long stalk capitate and globular. Their distributional features on upper part of achene four types; absent, sparse distribution of conical trichome, dense distribution of conical trichome and mixed distribution of conical and capitate trichome. The achene shapes and trichome characteristics were regarded to be a good characters in delimiting taxa because these did not differ among individuals in same taxa, but differ among the taxa. If Korean Aster L. sensu late were divided into Kalimeris, Heteropappus, Aster, Cymnaster, the capitate forms and mixed distribution of conical and capitate trichome were recognized as the good characters in delimting above section such as genus Kalimeris and Heteropappus, section Pseudocalimeris of Aster L. sensu stricto.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2010

The nutlet morphology and pericarp structure of 14 taxa (4 taxa of the genus Glechoma and related taxa) were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy, and a detailed description of nutlet morphological features for all examined taxa is provided. The shape of the nutlet is ovate to elliptic. Its size is 1.36-3.83 mm in length and 0.80-2.65 mm in width. The largest one was found in Marmoritis rotundifolia, while the smallest one was in Agastache nepetoides. Three different surface types were recognized in the studied taxa based on differences in cell outline and cell boundary relief (rectangular, pitted, and ridged negative reticulate-cell). Three types of trichome (uni-cellular non-glandular trichome, multi-cellular non-glandular trichome, and peltate glandular trichome) were distributed in the nutlets. The pericarp is formed in three layers (i.e., exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp including sclenchyma tissue), and the pericarp in the studied species is $39.0-237.5{\mu}m$ thick. The morphological and anatomical features (the nutlet shape, surface type, and trichome distribution) in the genus Glechoma and related taxa are described and discussed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2012

Trichomes are specialized epidermal structure having the functions of physical and chemical block against biotic and abiotic stresses. Several studies on $Capsicum$ species revealed that virus and herbivore resistance is associated with trichome-formation. However, there is no research on the structural characterization of trichomes developed on the epidermis of $Capsicum$ spp. Thus, this study attempts to charaterize the trichome morphologies in 5 species of $Capsicum$ using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Six main trichome types were identified by their morphology under FESEM. Both glandular and non-glandular types of trichomes were developed on the epidermal tissues of $Capsicum$ spp. The glandular trichome were further classified into type I, IV and VII according to their base, stalk length, and stalk. Non-glandular trichomes were also classified into type II, III, and V based on stalk cell number and norphology. Almost all the species in $C.$ $chinense$ and $C.$ $pubescens$ had glandular trichomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study on classification of trichomes in the genus $Capsicum$ and, our results could provide basic informations for understanding the structure and function of trichomes on the epidermal differentiation and association with biotic stress tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.185-194
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• 2018

A comparative floral morphological study of 19 taxa in Persicaria sect. Cephalophilon with four taxa related to Koenigia was conducted to evaluate the taxonomic implications. The flowers of P. sect. Cephalophilon have (four-)five-lobed tepals; five, six, or eight stamens, and one pistil with two or three styles. The size range of each floral characteristic varies according to the taxa; generally P. humilis, P. glacialis var. glacialis and Koenigia taxa have rather small floral sizes. The connate degrees of the tepal lobes and styles also vary. The tepal epidermis consists of elongated rectangular cells with variation of the anticlinal cell walls (ACWs). Two types of glandular trichomes are found. The peltate glandular trichome (PT) was observed in nearly all of the studied taxa. The PT was consistently distributed on the outer tepal of P. sect. Cephalophilon, while Koenigia taxa and P. glacialis var. glacialis had this type of trichome on both sides of the tepal. P. criopolitana had only long-stalked pilate-glandular trichomes (LT) on the outer tepal. The nectary is distributed on the basal part of the inner tepal, with three possible shapes: dome-like, elongated, and disc-like nectary. The nectaries are always accompanied by elongated or spheroidal papillae. Various combinations of floral characters (e.g., the numbers of stamens and styles, the stigma shape, the nectary shape, ACWs, cuticular striation and the trichome type and distribution) of P. sect. Cephalophilon are useful when attempting to recognize the infrasectional levels of P. sect. Cephalophilon recently proposed. Here, we describe the floral characteristics in detail and discuss the taxonomic significance of the floral characters.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.207-231
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• 1986

To clarify the species of genus Deutzia (Saxifragaceae, s. l.) in Korea, the taxonomic description was undertaken and interspecific relationships was discussed based on the external morphology with the light and scanning electron microscopes and the distributional pattern with specimens deposited in the herbaria. The presence or absence, number of rays, position and frequency of the stellate trichome, inflorescence and the morphology and venation pattern of petal were approved as the good characters to classify the Korean Deutzias. Although 17 kinds of Deutzia were reported in Korea hitherto, 9 kinds were excluded owing to the taxonomic treatment based on the comparative external morphology and the distributional uncertainty. Thus genus Deutzia in Korea could be rearranged as 2 sections, 3 subsection, 7 species and 1 variety. Among them, 4 species were considered as the endemic species in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

The microstructure of the leaf epidermis and trichomes of Fallopia sect. Reynoutria are examined using scanning electron microscopy. Fallopia sachalinensis was distinguished from other taxa in this section by its prominent epicuticular wax layer consisting of protruding wax rodlets. In addition, epicuticular rodlets of F. sachalinensis individuals from Ullung Island and Dok Island appear to be thinner than those from other regions, including Japan and Sakhalin. The stomatal size appears to be related to the ploidy level in the sect. Reynoutria, as the hexaploids, octoploids and dodecaploids tend to have larger stomata as compared to tetraploids. Three basic types of trichomes were found in the section; (1) conical unicellular trichomes, (2) uniseriate filiform trichome consisting of 1-8 cells, and (3) peltate glandular trichomes. The trichome types and their distribution appear to be useful in distinguishing the taxa in the section.

• ALGAE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.143-156
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• 2018

Dolichospermum is a filamentous and heterocytous cyanobacterium that is one of the commonly occurring phytoplanktons in the Han River of Korea. Morphological observations led to the identification of D. planctonicum-like filaments in seasonal water samples. In the present study, we successfully isolated these filaments using culture methods, and examined its morphology using light and scanning electron microscopy. The morphology of the D. planctonicumlike species differed from that of typical D. planctonicum; it had thin cylindrical-shaped akinetes, which were narrower towards the ends than at the center. This morphology is firstly described in the genus Dolichospermum. In addition, the akinetes in the filament developed solitarily and were distant from the heterocytes. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences showed that our Dolichospermum clustered with D. planctonicum and D. circinale, which have coiled trichome. However, phylogenetic analysis of the gene encoding rivulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcLX) clearly separated our species from other Dolichospermum, forming a unique clade. Additionally, structures of D. planctonicum and D. hangangense strains were different type in Box-B and V3 region. These results demonstrated that the new Dolichospermum species was unique in morphology and molecular traits. Therefore, we propose this to be a new species belonging to genus Dolichospermum with the name Dolichospermum hangangense sp. nov.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.105-107
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• 2010

This study was carried out to find specific characters of the seed morphology and anatomy of Korean Eranthis in Ranunculaceae. As a result, E. byunsanensis differs with E. stellata on the basis of presence of unicellular hairs on the seed surface. E. stellata has no unicellular hairs on its seed surface. On the other hand, E. byunsanensis bears such unicellular hairs derived from epidermal cells of the seed surface. Besides other morphological characters used when it was published as a new species, the presence of unicellular hairs on the seed surface strongly supports it as an endemic species of Korea. In addition, to compare the seed morphology of E. pinnatifida and E. pungdoensis, for which mature seeds were not available at this time, an additional study should be conducted in near future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.145-161
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• 2015

This research was conducted in order to understand the hybridization between Quercus aliena Blume and Q. serrata Murray in Korea which show wide range of morphological variations within species and interspecific variations of diverse overlapping characteristics caused by hybridization. Morphological analysis (principal components analysis; PCA) of 116 individuals representing two species and their intermediates were performed. As a result, two species were clearly distinguished in terms of morphology, and intermediate morpho-types assumed to be hybrids between the two species were mostly located in the middle of each parent species in the plot of the principal components analysis. There was a clear distinction between two species in trichome distribution pattern which is an important diagnostic character in taxonomy of genus Quercus, whereas intermediate morpho-types showed intermediate state between two species' trichome distributions. Forty-two individuals representing two species and their intermediates were examined for leaf flavonoid constituents. Twenty-three flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified: They were glycosylated derivatives of flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin and myricetin. The flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena were five glycosylated derivatives: kaempferol 3-O-galactoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, and Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside. The flavonoid constituents of Q. serrata had 20 diverse flavonol compounds including five flavonoid compounds found in Q. aliena. It was found that there is a clear difference in flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena and Q. serrata. Flavonoid chemistry is very useful in recognizing each species and putative hybrids. The flavonoid constituents of intermediates were a mixture of the two species' constituents and they generally showed similar characteristics to morpho-types. The hybrids between Q. aliena and Q. serrata showed morphologically and chemically diverse characteristics and it is assumed that there are frequent interspecific hybridization and introgression.