• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2007

Factors indicating culture status of two Spirulina platensis strains were monitored in a batch mode cultivation for 36 days. Changing mode in all factors showed a common turning point, indicating shift of cell or culture status. Mean biomass productivity was highly sustained until day 22, chlorophyll a concentration peaked on day 22, pH value was > 12 on day 22, coil number was abruptly shortened on day 22, and floating activity was sustained at greater than 79% after day 22, indicating that day 22 is a criterion reflecting phase-transfer in cell physiology in a batch culture system. Many of these changes may have been caused by increased pH, suggesting that pH control is essential for mass production of S. platensis. Fluctuations in floating activity were likely induced by the number of cellular gas vacuoles. Consequently, coil number per trichome and floating activity of S. platensis could readily act as simple indicators for determination of culture status or harvesting time of cells.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.399-414
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• 1998

Glandular trichomes present on the leaf surface of Drosera capensis were examined using transmission electron microscopy. A large number of stalked glands exist on the adaxial surfaces of the leaf blade. The secretory head is composed of two layers of secretory cells, one layer of middle cells, and the inner tracheids. The secretory cells contain rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, plastids, Golgi apparatus, and vacuoles. The secretory cells show prominent cell wall ingrowth, and thick cuticle restricted on the subcuticular wall. Frequently, the cuticle has some pores, canal-like structures, showing electron -dense granules being penetrated through them. Ultrastructural localization using diaminobenzidine showed the electron-dense deposits in the vacuole. No peroxidase activity was seen in the cell wall and cytolasm. The activity of peroxidase (POX) isozymes in Drosera which isoelectric point (pI) is 3.6 and some anionic POX isozymes which pIs are laid between 3.6 and 4.6 were especially increased according to the development and the formation of glandular trichomes. Also, the activity of some POX isozymes which isoelectric points are laid between 4.6 and 5.1 were increased in the regions of leaves which has trichomes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.110-116
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• 2013

Effects of elevated air temperature and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) concentration on the leaf surface structures were investigated in Liriodendron tulipifera (yellow poplar) and Populus tomentiglandulosa (Suwon poplar). Cuttings of the two tree species were exposed to elevated air temperatures at $27/22^{\circ}C$ (day/night) and $CO_2$ concentrations at 770/790 ppm for three months. The abaxial leaf surface of yellow poplar under an ambient condition ($22/17^{\circ}C$ and 380/400 ppm) had stomata and epicuticular waxes (transversely ridged rodlets). A prominent increase in the density of epicuticular waxes was found on the leaves under the elevated condition. Meanwhile, the abaxial leaf surface of Suwon poplar under an ambient condition was covered with long trichomes. The leaves under the elevated condition possessed a higher amount of long trichomes than those under the ambient condition. These results suggest that the two poplar species may change their leaf surface structures under the elevated air temperature and $CO_2$ concentration condition for acclimation of increased photosynthesis.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2013

The trichomes on leaves of three species of Mentha such as M. spicata, M. suaveolens, and M. piperita var were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Simple non-glandular trichomes and peltate glandular trichomes were distinctively occurred on these leaves. In M. spicata, short and sharp non-glandular trichomes were dominantly appeared on adaxial surface, whereas capitate glandular trichomes were commonly localized on abaxial surface. In M. suaveolens, non-glandular trichomes were identified with simple unbranched and branched. Unbranched trichomes which were sharp and pointed in shape occurred on adaxial surface, however, branched and v-shaped trichomes appeared abundantly on abaxial surface. Peltate trichomes consisted of a large eight-celled head. Small capitates trichomes consisted of a cylindrical head with an one-celled uniseriate stalk. In M. piperita var, single non-glandular trichomes and peltate trichomes were present on adaxial surface. Small capitate trichomes consisted of a globose unicellular head with a two- or three-celled uniseriate stalk. Peltate trichomes were distinctly present on abaxial surface, whereas they were not observed on adaxial surface. The trichomes were less dense in this species. Peltate trichomes consisted of a large eight-celled head, with an enlarged secretory cavity, attached to an one-celled short stalk.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.257-261
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators on the organogenesis from the tissue culture of Arabidopsis thaliana stem, and the origin of the callus development. When the stem segments were cultured on medium with 2mg/L IAA or NAA, adventitious roots and trichomes were differentiated after 11 days of culture. Callus vigorously formed on medium with 2/L2,4 after 7 days of culture, but adventitious roots and trichomes were not differentiated from callus after 10 days of culture. This results suggesting that picloram is very effective auxin for the callus formation and organogenesis. Callus weakly formed on 0.05mg/L kinetin, and formed on combination of auxins(2mg/L) with 0.05mg/L kinetin. But the effect of combination of auxins and kinetin the callus formation was less than 2,4-D or picloram alone. A histological examination of callus formed on picloram showed that phloram showed that phloem parenchyma cells were divided and enlarged after 2 days of culture. Cortex parenchyma cells were divided and meristematic nodules were developed from these cells after 4 days of culture. Finally, callus formed on outside of cortex and epidermis by division of meristematic nodules after 7 days of culture.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine whether high voltage pulsed current stimulation (HVPCS) would enhance wound healing in neuropathic rabbits. Ten rabbits were assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The wounded part around the peripheral neuropathy of the experimental rabbits was stimulated for two hours twice a day for six days under the following conditions: pulse frequency 80 pps, pulse duration $100{\mu}s$, and stimulation intensity 30~40 V. The results indicated that there was no difference in the wound closure between the experimental and control groups. The two groups showed similar aspects in collagen and reticulum, which were observed by colored Masson's trichome. While the rabbits in the control group had more or less thick fibers, the rabbits in the experimental group had thin and branched-shape fibers. The rabbits in the experimental group showed both strong responses in the shaping of elastic fibers and the increased aspects in fibroblast when compared with the control group.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.251-270
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• 2008

Members of the genus Asarum of Korea were reviewed taxonomically, and classified into seven species. Among them, four species - A. koreanum, A. maculatum, A. patens and A. versicolor - were recorded as Korean endemics. The most valuable taxonomic characters in identifying the Asarum taxa were shape, size and color of the calyx tube and lobe. In addition, the presence of white spots on the adaxial surface, size and color of leaf, presence of trichome, shape and size of the stylar protuberance and thickness of the calyx lobe were also important characters. Keys to the species including descriptions and figures of floral structures of each taxon were provided here for the accurate identification of each species.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2019

Plant tissue culture techniques offer quick methods of regeneration of plants of medicinal importance but the survival chances of such plants are always questionable when shifted to the in vivo conditions. The present study enumerates the micromorphological developments in the leaves of in vitro regenerated and field transferred plantlets of Oldenlandia umbellata. The leaves developed in vitro after $4^{th}$ subcultures of multiplication phase and after 6 weeks of field transferred plants were used. Statistically significant differences in the number of stomata, veins, raphides, crystals and trichome density per square mm were observed. The improvements in stomatal apparatus and density (decreased from 41.85 to 32.20), developments in leaf architectural parameters and emergence of defense mechanism through increased numbers of raphides (8 to 15), crystals and trichomes (13.5 to 18.2) proved acclimation of tissue culture raised plantlets from in vitro to the in vivo environments lead to 100 % success in field establishment of the plantlets. The in vitro induced foliar abnormalities (changes in stomata, venation pattern, vein density, trichomes, crystals etc.) were repaired while hardening of plantlets in the greenhouse and finally in the field. The observed micromorphological response of leaves under altered environmental conditions could help in determination of proper stage of field transfer and prediction of survival percentage of in vitro regenerated O. umbellata plantlets.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.105-107
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• 2010

This study was carried out to find specific characters of the seed morphology and anatomy of Korean Eranthis in Ranunculaceae. As a result, E. byunsanensis differs with E. stellata on the basis of presence of unicellular hairs on the seed surface. E. stellata has no unicellular hairs on its seed surface. On the other hand, E. byunsanensis bears such unicellular hairs derived from epidermal cells of the seed surface. Besides other morphological characters used when it was published as a new species, the presence of unicellular hairs on the seed surface strongly supports it as an endemic species of Korea. In addition, to compare the seed morphology of E. pinnatifida and E. pungdoensis, for which mature seeds were not available at this time, an additional study should be conducted in near future.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.175-186
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• 2016

The taxonomic status and scientific names of Artemisia gmelinii and its allied taxa have long been debated. To provide correct names and taxonomic status, A. gmelinii and its allied taxa were reviewed in this study based on morphological characters. After a comparison of original descriptions and type specimens, the names of A. freyniana f. discolor and A. freyniana f. vestita used in Korea were recognized as A. sacrorum var. sacrorum and A. sacrorum var. incana, respectively, based on the characters of the trichome on the leaf, the geographical distributions, the chromosome numbers, and the existence of a pinule connection on the exine of the pollen. A. iwayomogi, the scientific name misused as A. gmelinii, was combined and newly named A. sacrorum var. iwayomogi (Kitam.) M. S. Park & G. Y. Chung based on its morphological similarity to the A. sacrorum group. A description, illustration, and key for each of the taxa are provided here.