• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2001

Nano adhesion and friction characteristics between SPM(scanning electron microscope) tips and flat plates of different materials were experimentally studied. Tests were performed to measure adhesion and friction in AFM(atomic force microscope) and LFM(lateral force microscope) modes in different conditions of relative humidity. Three different Si$_3$N$_4$ tips (rdaii : 15nm, 22nm and 50 nm) and three different flat plates of Si-wafer(100), W-DLC(tungsten-incorporated diamond-like carbon) and DLC were used. Results generally showed that adhesion and friction increased with the tip radius, and W-DLC and DLC surfaces were superior to Si-wafer. But the adhesion force of Si-wafer showed non linearity with the tip radius while W-DLC and DLC surfaces showed good correlation to the “JKR model”. It was found that high adhesion force between Si-wafer and a large radius of tip was caused by a capillary action due to the condensed water.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1999

Nano-indentation and nano-scratch tests were peformed to assess the mechanical and tribological properties of the coating on a commercially available thin-film magnetic recording disk. Surface topography and roughness of the disk was studied using atomic force microscopy. The hardness and elastic modulus data show a peak at an indentation depth equivalent to the thickness of carbon overcoat, indicating strong influence of the coatin $g_strate interaction and the coating surface roughness on the measurements. The variations of surface roughness data were analysed statistically based on the normal probability distribution theories and Weibull cumulative probability theories.es.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2001

The effect of silver particles on the sliding behavior of bearing steels was studied experimentally by using a ball-on-disk tribometer. Tests were performed in ambient air, dry air and vacuum. Disks of AISI 52100 were silver-coated by a thermal evaporation method, and the effects of silver particle transfer on friction were analyzed. In order to understand further the mechanism of silver particle transfer and its effect on friction and wear, pre-compressed silver particles were artificially introduced into the friction interface and the results were compared to those of silver-coated specimens. Results showed that the introduced silver particles produced transfer layers and resulted in low friction. It also showed that this low friction is closely related to the characteristic behavior of transfer layers. Shakedown occurred at the friction interface affected the friction and wear.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2010

A new magnetoelastic technique of oil viscosity measurement, where the oil viscosity is estimated by frequency shift of natural oscillations of magnetoelastic ribbon, is implemented in this study. Laboratory tests of the detector prototype are performed for measurement of viscosity of base synthetic and mineral oils. It was found that measurement accuracy was better when damping factor was estimated in comparison with accuracy of frequency of damped oscillations. Thus the oil viscosity was calibrated as a function of number of pulses of the damped oscillations of magnetoelastic ribbon. Result generally showed that developed detector is promising for in line oil viscosity measurement in wide viscosity range from 10 cSt up to 600 cSt, while the viscosity measurement was relatively instable when the viscosity of test oil was over 400 cSt.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.66-70
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• 1995

In this investigation, a controlled-environment tribological test device has been used to study the friction coefficients of several grades of commercially-available coated and uncoated cemented carbide cutting tools in a dry air environment at different environmental chamber pressures. Tests were run in the block-on-ring configuration. The results suggest that the friction coefficient is sensitive to the level of air present, with a noticeable rise in friction coefficient with decreasing pressure or increasing vacuum level. The uncoated cemented carbide sufaces resulted in the highest friction values, whereas the coated grades yielded somewhat lower values even after the coating was removed. The results suggest the importance of friction control in the design of coatings for metal removal processes.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.108-113
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• 1995

Wear and friction behavior of plasma-sprayed coatings in Mo- and Co-based alloy were studied for the application of piston-ring automobile engine. The plasma-sprayed coatings were varied with gun current density, gas flow, and distance. The surface roughness, microhardness, and wear volume were measured depending on the spray distances. The high temperature hardness value were also measured as a function of temperature. Ball-on-disc geometry configuration tribometer was utilized in air. The wear tests were performed in the temperature ranges from room temperature to 825$^{\circ}$C to investigate the tribological trend of the piston-ring materials in the lack of lubricant. The cross sections of wear track were investigated, using microscopy.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.20-25
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• 1995

Diamond films were prepared by a hot filament vapor deposition onto polycrystal silicon nitride substrates. Different kinds of silicon nitride containing CaO and $Fe_{2}O_{3}$ were manufactured to investigate the impurity effect of substrate on the morphology of diamond films and their wear behaviors. Nucleation rates and morphologies of diamond films deposited on various kinds of silicon nitride were compared. The highest nucleation rate was observed in a substrate containing 1% of CaO. Wear tests were performed with a silicon nitride ball on the disk geometry to investigate the tribological behavior of diamond film against silicon nitride. This study demonstrated that different morphologies of diamond film due to substrate impurities produced different wear behavior against silicon nitride.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.459-466
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• 2001

In this study, the effects of oxide layer formed on the contact parts of TiN coated ball and steel disk on friction characteristics in various sliding conditions were investigated. AISI52100 steel ball was used for the substrate of coated ball specimens, which were prepared by depositing TiN coating with 1(m in coating thickness. AISI1045 steel was used for the disk type counter-body. To investigate the effect of oxide layer on the contact parts of two materials, the tests were performed both in air for forming oxide layer on the contact parts and in nitrogen environment to avoid oxidation. From the test results, the frictional characteristic between the two materials was predominated by iron oxide layer that formed on wear tract of counter-body and this layer caused friction transition and high friction. And the adhesive wear occurred from steel disk to TiN coated ball caused the formation of oxide layer on counter parts between the two materials.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.302-307
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• 2008

The running-in behaviour of the metal carbon coating (WC/C) was evaluated with regard to its applicability as wear-resistant coating for key components in engines. Reciprocating wear tests under lubricated condition employing an oscillating friction wear tester were performed to investigate the tribological behaviors of the coatings in ambient environment. Confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe worn surfaces and the wear scars on the steel balls. Elemental composition of the coating and worn surfaces were characterized using Auger electron spectroscopy. The friction behavior of WC/C coating was comparable to common carbon-based coatings. Thin tribofilm was formed on the worn surface of the steel ball due to material transfer and tribochemical reaction whereas there was no evidence of tribofilm generation on the coating surface. indicating the chemical innertness of WC/C coating.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.349-354
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• 2008

An inter-propellant seal (IPS) for high thrust turbopump is designed. With given operating conditions and requirements, the inter-propellant seal is designed to satisfy the leakage characteristics which is less than 0.1% of normal flow rate of pumps. A numerical analysis is developed to predict the leakage flow rate. The results show that the maximum leakage of LOX and kerosene are less than 0.1% of normal flow rate of pumps, respectively. Based on the numerical analysis results, the detail of IPS is performed. Finally a prototype of IPS is manufactured to perform sets of performance tests in the near future.