• 한국가금학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.79-82
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• 1990

유추의 산소소비에 기인하는 $T_3$와 $T_4$의 생물학적 효력을 비교하는 일연의 실험을 실시했다. 3마리씩 5구로 나누어 와 $T_3$와 $T_4$를 체중 1kg당 500혹은 1,000mg씩을, 대조구에는 동양의 생리 식염수만을 각각 투여한 뒤, 호흡 시험장치를 이용한 산소소비량을 측정하였다. 산소소비량은 2시간 후의 $T_4$-500mg구를 제외하고는 대조구에 비해 갑상선 호르몬 처리구가 통계적으로 유의하게 증가했다. 이 실험의 결과로 얻어진 등식으로부터, $T_3$는 $T_4$에 비해 산소소비량의 증가에 대한 생물학적 활성이 2~3배 정도임을 알 수 있다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.438-446
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• 2007

치주인대섬유모세포들은 완전탈구 된 치아의 성공적인 재식을 위한 중요한 요소이다. 따라서, 외상으로 인해 완전탈구된 치아의 보존을 위한 보관액을 선택하는 것이 중요하다. 성장인자들과 호르몬들은 치주인대섬유모세포들의 생존을 위한 치료적 제제로 고려되고 있다. Epidermal growth factor(EGF)는 다른 조직에서 재생과 상처 치유 과정의 중요한 역할인자로 대두되고 있다. 따라서, 완전탈구 된 치아를 위한 치료적 적용을 위해 EGF의 세포 증식에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 또한 EGF와 tri-iodothyronine(T3)의 혼합액, EGF와 Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor(HB-EGF)의 혼합액이 세포 증식에 미치는 상승 효과를 평가하였다. 치주인대섬유모세포의 세포증식은 EGF 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였고, 10 ng/ml 농도에서 최대 세포증식을 보였다. EGF는 상처치유분석에서 상처 치유촉진과 이동성을 보여주었다. EGF에 T3와 HB-EGF를 첨가한 혼합액에서 배양한 세포는 EGF만 처리한 경우보다 세포 증식이 상승되었다. EGF와 T3 혼합액의 상승효과 기전을 유추하기 위해서 RT-PCR로 EGF 수용기의 발현을 확인하였고, T3가 EGF 수용기 발현을 증가시켰음을 확인하였다. 따라서 EGF와, EGF와 T3, EGF와 HB-EGF의 혼합액은 완전탈구된 치아의 치료에 있어 유용한 선택이 될 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.101-106
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• 1992

Secretory patterns of serum tri-iodothyronine, thyroxin and testosterone were analysed by specific radioimmunoassay in Kaghani (n = 42), Rambouilet (n = 42) and Kaghani ${\times}$ Rambouillet (n = 42) male sheep to determine age and breed related changes. Animals were examined at 1-2 wk, 8, 10, 12, 20, 22 and 24 months of age (n = 6/age group). All animals were maintained under standard conditions of feeding and management. $T_3$ and $T_4$ concentrations were maximal (p < 0.01) in 1-2 wk old lambs of all breeds studied ($207.4{\pm}14.9-276.8{\pm}20.4ng/dl$ and $5.76{\pm}0.3-7.23{\pm}0.9{\mu}g/dl$, respectively). For all the breeds, concentrations of $T_3$ declined markedly (p < 0.01) at 8 month of age and then varied in a narrow range ($44.5{\pm}14.0-87.0{\pm}4.8ng/dl$) up to the age of 24 month. While, serum $T_4$ concentrations decreased (p < 0.01) to nadir ($0.97{\pm}0.1-1.43{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/dl$) at 10 months of age in all the 3 breeds. Afterwards, $T_4$ levels increased gradually and attained a small peak at 20 months before declining again at 22 and 24 months of age. Serum $T_3$ and $T_4$ concentrations were correlated significantly (p < 0.05) and their ratio was constant at all ages in the different breeds. Age significantly (p < 0.01) influenced the secretion of testosterone in the breeds examined but the breed differences were comparable. Mean serum concentrations of testosterone were low from 1-2 wk to 10 months of age in the Kaghani, Rambouillet and Kaghani ${\times}$ Rambouillet animals. Peak testosterone levels were noted in the 12 months old Kaghani ($1.75{\pm}0.4ng/ml$), Rambouillet ($1.30{\pm}0.2ng/ml$) and their $T_3$ cross animals ($1.16{\pm}0.08ng/ml$). Mean testosterone levels, thereafter, decreased at 20 months and then at 22 and 24 months remained variable but higher than observed at 1-2 wk -10 months of age. The findings of the present study indicate a significant influence of age but not of breed on the peripheral concentrations of thyroid hormones and testosterone. Serum concentrations of $T_3$ and $T_4$ were not related to testosterone levels. High thyroid secretory activity observed at prenatal phase of development may play an important role in preparing the lambs to extrauterine environments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1998

To study the effect of induced hypothyroidism on fertility status of male Black Bengal goats, 10 adult healthy mature males were divided into control and treated groups. Hypothyroidism was induced successfully by injecting thiourea subcutaneously initially for 15 days at the rate of 100 mg/kg body weight, followed by 66.7 mg/kg body weight for the subse quent 15 days. This resulted in a decrease (p < 0.01) in plasma tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine and testosterone levels, with increasing duration of thiourea treatment. It also adversely affected semen quality, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, motility and viability. Live percentage declined to 75% for treated and control remained at 90%. Artificial insemination fo female goats with semen of thiourea-treated goats, resulted in failure of conception. However, females inseminated with semen of male goats of control group showed 100% conception. These observations indicate that, thyroid hormones play a key role in maintaining the normal reproductive processes of male goats.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

Object : This study was to evaluate the effect of Ginseng Radix, aqueous extracts of the root part of Panax ginseng on the 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil(PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism. Methods : Aqueous extracts of Ginseng Radix(GR; yield = 11.70%) were administered, once day for 42 days from 2 weeks before start of PTU treatment as an oral dose of 300 and 150 mg/kg(body weight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10mg/kg for 28 days. The changes in the body weight, thyroid gland weights, serum levels of thyroid hormone-thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), tri-iodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine(T4), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL), high density lipoprotein(HDL) and triglyceride, liver antioxidant defense system-lipid peroxidation, $H_2O_2$, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were observed with histopathology of thyroid glands. Results : Results were compared with LevoT4 0.5mg/kg treated rats. GR extracts suppressed the decreases in the body weight, thyroid gland weights, T3 and T4, TG, liver $H_2O_2$ and SOD activities as results of PTU treatment. And GR extracts suppressed the increases of HDL contents, liver CAT activities, thyroid gland weight as results of PTU treatment. In addition, marked hyperplasia of follicular cells with decreases of follicular colloid contentsand sizes were demonstrated at histopathological inspections. However, these PTU-induced histopathological changes related to hypothyroidism were dramatically decreased by treatment of both different dosages of GR extract, respectively Conclusions : This study suggest that GR extracts have favorable effects on the thyroid hormone productions with beneficial effects on the hypothyroidism mediated by the modulatory effects on the antioxidant defense system.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.630-637
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• 2010

The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lonicerae Flos, aqueous extracts of the dried flower bud part of Lonicera japonica on the 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism. Aqueous extracts of Lonicerae Flos (LF yield = 23.80%) were administered, once day for 42 days from 2 weeks before start of PTU treatment as an oral dose of 500 and 250 mg/kg (body weight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 mg/kg for 28 days. The changes on the body weight, thyroid gland weights, serum thyroid hormone - thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), tri-iodothyronine ($T_3$) and thyroxine ($T_4$), serum lipid profiles - total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride were observed with liver antioxidant defense system - lipid peroxidation, $H_2O_2$, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and serum asparte aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) analysis. Results were compared with Levothyroxine ($LT_4$) 0.5 mg/kg treated rats. As results of PTU treatment, marked decreases of body weights, serum thyroid hormone levels and triglyceride contents, liver $H_2O_2_3$ and SOD activities were observed with increases of serum AST and HDL contents, liver CAT activities, thyroid gland weight. However, these PTU induced hypothyroidism were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of LF extracts, and LF extracts effectively regulated the hypothyroidism related changes on the antioxidant defense system. The results obtained in this study suggest that LF extracts have favorable effects on the thyroid hormone productions with beneficial effects on the hypothyroidism mediated by the modulatory effects on the antioxidant defense system.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.132-146
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• 2016

Objectives This study's object was to observe the comparative effects of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang, Palmulgunja-tang and Cheongpyesagan-tang on the chronic LT4(levothyroxine) induced hyperthyroidism in rats.Methods Six groups, each of 8 rats in group, were used in this study. Saline and distilled water treated rats are intact control group. Hyperthyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous LT4 300 μg/kg treatment for 27 days(LT4 control). Since 12th LT4 treatment PTU(propylthiouracil) 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneal injected(PTU group) and aqueous extracts of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang, Palmulgunja-tang and Cheongpyesagan-tang(YS, PG and CS) 500 mg/kg were orally administrated(YS, PG, CS group), once a day for 15 days. The differences in the body, thyroid gland and epididymal fat pad weights, serum T3(tri-iodothyronine), T4(thyroxine), TSH(thyroid-stimulating hormone), thyroid gland and epididymal fat pad histopathology, liver weight, AST(asparte aminotransferase), ALT(alanine aminotransferase) concentrations, hepatic lipid peroxidation, GSH(glutathione), SOD(superoxide dismutase), CAT(catalase) activities, liver histopathology were observed to evaluate effects on hyperthyroidism, liver damages and antioxidant effects.Results As results of LT4 treatment, hyperthyroidism and related liver damages such as lower body, thyroid weights, higher serum T3, T4, AST, ALT levels, thinner follicular lining epithelium in thyroid glands were observed. However, these symptoms were inhibited by oral treatment of YS, PG and CS. As compared with PTU treatment, these herbal prescriptions showed lower overall efficacy on the hyperthyroidism, but YS showed more favorable effects on the hepatic antioxidant defense systems.Conclusions This results suggest that YS, PG and CS favorably control the LT4 induced hyperthyroidism and related liver damages in rats through modulation of the hepatic antioxidative defense systems.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of Mume Fructus(MF) on the 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil(PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism.Methods : Aqueous extracts of MF(yield = 19.38%) were administered, once per day for 42 days from 2 weeks before starting of PTU treatment as an oral dose of 300 and 150 ㎎/㎏(body weight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 ㎎/㎏ for 28 days. The changes in the body weight, thyroid gland weights, liver weight, serum levels of thyroid hormone-thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), tri-iodothyronine(T₃) and thyroxine(T₄), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL), high density lipoprotein(HDL) and triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), liver antioxidant defense system-lipid peroxidation, H₂O₂, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were examined with histopathology of thyroid glands and liver.Results : Results were compared with LevoT₄0.5 ㎎/㎏ treated rats. MF extracts recovered from the decreases in the body weight, liver weight, T₃and T₄, TG, liver CAT activities as results of PTU treatment. And MF extracts recovered from the increases of thyroid gland weights, TSH, HDL contents, liver H₂O₂, AST as results of PTU treatment. In addition, these PTU-induced histopathological changes in thyroid glands and liver related to hypothyroidism were dramatically decreased by treatment of both different dosages of MF extract, respectively.Conclusions : According to the above results, it is suggested that MF extracts have advantageous effects on the thyroid hormone productions with beneficial effects on the hypothyroidism related liver injuries mediated by the modulation on the antioxidant system.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.41-64
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was to evaluate the effect of Jaeumkanghwa-tang (JEKHT) on the propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism. Methods: Six groups, each of 8 rats per group were used in the present study - intact vehicle control, PTU control, Levothyroxine ($LT_4$), JEKHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg treated groups. JEKHT were administered once a day for 42 days as an oral dose of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 mg/kg for 28 days. The changes on the body and organ weight, serum hormone and lipid profiles, liver and testis antioxidant defense factors were observed with histopathology of organs. Results were compared with $LT_4$ 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally treated rats in this experiment. Results: PTU treatment, marked decrease of body weight, increases of thyroid weight, decreases of liver, testis, epididymis and prostate weights, decreases of serum Tri-iodothyronine ($T_3$), and Thyroxine ($T_4$) level with increase of serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, decreases of serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level with increases of serum Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) level, increases of serum High density lipoprotein (HDL), decrease of triglyceride content, increase of serum Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, decreases of liver and testis antioxidant defense factors were observed. In addition, marked hyperplasia of follicular cells with decreases of follicular colloid contents and diameters was additionally demonstrated with the decrease of hepatocyte numbers per unit area due to hypertrophy of hepatocytes related to lipid droplet depositions, increase of a/oligospermatic epididymal tubules with epididymal atrophic changes, seminiferous tubular atrophy with decrease of stage I~II seminiferous tubules in testis, prostate tubular atrophic changes at histopathological inspections. However, these PTU induced hypothyroidism and related hepatic and male reproductive organ damages were favorably and dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of JEKHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, and JEKHT also effectively regulated the PTU-induced abnormal antioxidant defense factor changes in the both liver and testis. Conclusions: JEKHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg dose-dependently inhibited PTU-induced hypothyroidism and related liver and male reproductive organ damages in rats.