• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 1990

A survey of Popju Temple district. was conducted using 70 sample plots of 500$m^2$ size. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. By both techniques. the plant com-munity were divided into six groups by the altitude and soil moisture. The successional trends of tree species seem to be from Pinus densiflora, Sorbus alnifolia through Quercus serrata to Carpinus laxiflora and from P. densiflora, Fraxinus sieboldiana through Q. mongolica in the canopy layer, and from Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Rhus trichocarpa, Zanthoxylum schnifolium through Rhododendron mucronulatum, Corylus sieboldiana, Lindera obtusiloba, Magnclia sieboldii to Euonymus sieboldianus in the understory and shrub layer. The species diversity of the plant community in the burnt plot was decreased by the forest fire but the importance values of Quercus species were increased in above plot.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.241-254
• /
• 1999

The forest vegetation in Mts. Ilwol, Chongryang, Milim, Honglim, Yongdung, Agi and 607 m peak of the northen part of Kyungpook province, Korea was classified and described in terms of the physiognomy and numerical syntaxonomy. The forest was divided into the ten communities belonging to the three groups by the species combination of the tree layer based on their dominances. The three groups also were corresponded well with the result of cluster analysis. But the classification by TWINSPAN showed that the vegetation was divided into only two groups for having any ecological senses. A result of DCA was corresponded closely with that of TWINSPAN and explained some environmental factors. From the above results, it is concluded that the classification by the species combination of the tree layer is also applicable to the classification of plant communities. The above results were compared with the existing study results of the ZM phytosociology.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2013

To quantitatively analyze the effects of burning, we conducted a vegetation survey in the grasslands in Kirigamine, central Japan. We classified each species into stages of succession based on the life-history traits of the species and defined the score of the species in each stand based on the classification. We weighted the scores with a v-value, the product of coverage and height in the quadrat, and summed them to calculate the index of dynamic status. With these indices, we were able to quantitatively compare the stands in the study area and discern minute differences between the stands with different lengths of restoration periods since the disturbance of burning. These indices correlated with the v-value of trees, suggesting that the disturbance of burning seemed to affect the trees in the stand. We then calculated the growth of the tree species Pinus densiflora to evaluate its contribution to the index of dynamic status.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.24
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was a biota research and analysis for Close-to-nature stream restoration planning of Shinchun. The summary of this study is as follows; 1) The vascular plants in research area recorded of 45 species and insect fauna recorded of 34 species of 8 orders. As a result of table of community classification, the communities were two group; Quercus variabilis community(I), Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis-Quercus dentata community(II). 2) As a result of analysis on correlation of tree species, the level of significance in positive correlation between Quercus dentata and Corylus heterophyll aindicated 1% and between Pinus densiflora and Lespedeza bicolor also indicated 1%. 3) As a result of DBH analysis, it is expected that Quercus variabilis and Quercus dentata will dominateover other species in competition and its succession continuously maintains from now on in community I. In community II, it is assumed that there is a high possibility of changing into community of Quercus such as Quercus mongolica, Quercus dentata, and Quercus variabilis. 4) As a result of analysis on insect fauna, insect fauna consists of 94% of whole species as 32 species, 23 families, 8 orders. And 7 species, 7 families 4 orders was found in highly urbanized area, the vicinity of Sang-Dong bridge. 5) As mentioned above, Based on A biota fundamental research, Close-to-nature stream restoration planning were full of suggestions: i) Designating ecosystem preservation area, ii) Making Close-to-nature stream revetments, iii) Making pool-and-riffle, vi) Making decks for observation and walks for nature experience, v) Creating wetland biotope. Through these methods, it is necessary to promote bio-diversity and lead people to the space for eco-learning.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2017

Background: Species in the heterokont genus Synura are colonial and have silica scales whose ultrastructural characteristics are used for classification. We examined the ultrastructure of silica scales and molecular data (nuclear SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA, and plastid rbcL sequences) to better understand the taxonomy and phylogeny within the section Petersenianae of genus Synura. In addition, we report the first finding of newly recorded Synura species from Korea. Results: We identified all species by examination of scale ultrastructure using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Three newly recorded species from Korea, Synura americana, Synura conopea, and Synura truttae were described based on morphological characters, such as cell size, scale shape, scale size, keel shape, number of struts, distance between struts, degree of interconnections between struts, size of base plate pores, keel pores, base plate hole, and posterior rim. The scales of the newly recorded species, which belong to the section Petersenianae, have a well-developed keel and a characteristic number of struts on the base plate. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from three genes in 32 strains (including three outgroup species). The results provided strong statistical support that the section Petersenianae was monophyletic, and that all taxa within this section had well-developed keels and a defined number of struts on the base plate. Conclusions: The phylogenetic tree based on sequence data of three genes was congruent with the data on scale ultrastructure. The resulting phylogenetic tree strongly supported the existence of the section Petersenianae. In addition, we propose newly recorded Synura species from Korea based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters: S. americana, S. conopea, and S. truttae.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.197-222
• /
• 2008

A recently published Korean Flora, "The genera of vascular plants of Korea (GFK)", includes the descriptions and keys for 217 families, 1,044 genera, and 3,209 species of Korean vascular plants. We reclassified these taxa according to the recent APG classification system, which resulted in 64 orders, 204 families, 1,044 genera and 3,209 species. Twenty-two families from the GFK were abandoned because of changes to the familial delimitations in the APG system. In contrast, the number of families in the Liliaceous group was increased. The Liliaceae in the GFK included 31 genera and 109 species. These taxa are now assigned to 10 families in four different orders including Liliales, Asparagales, Alismatales, and Dioscoreales because of the drastic changes to the monocot classification system in the past 20 years. In addition, the family name of the Aucubaceae was changed to Garryaceae. As a result, the number of families in the GFK has been reduced to 204. The results were summarized in four tables and two figures at the levels of unofficial higher taxonomic hierarchies, orders, families and genera. This new information can provide a guidelines for selecting the phylogenetic analysis unit for the Korean tree of life (KTOL) project. Futhermore, the updated classification system also provides an important summarization for the systematic community for placing the Korean flora in a modern phylogenetic context.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.441-450
• /
• 2021

Background and objective: The purpose of study is to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) structure by creating a 3D model for green spaces in a park using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. Methods: After producing a digital surface model (DSM) and a digital terrain model (DTM) using UAV images taken in Mureung Park in Chuncheon-si, we generated a digital tree height model (DHM). In addition, we used the mean shift algorithm to test the classification accuracy, and obtain accurate tree height and volume measures through field survey. Results: Most of the tree species planted in Mureung Park were Pinus koraiensis, followed by Pinus densiflora, and Zelkova serrata, and most of the shrubs planted were Rhododendron yedoense, followed by Buxus microphylla, and Spiraea prunifolia. The average height of trees measured at the site was 7.8 m, and the average height estimated by the model was 7.5 m, showing a difference of about 0.3 m. As a result of the t-test, there was no significant difference between height values of the field survey data and the model. The estimated green coverage and volume of the study site using the UAV were 5,019 m² and 14,897 m³, respectively, and the green coverage and volume measured through the field survey were 6,339 m² and 17,167 m³. It was analyzed that the green coverage showed a difference of about 21% and the volume showed a difference of about 13%. Conclusion: The UAV equipped with RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) modules used in this study could collect information on tree height, green coverage, and volume with relatively high accuracy within a short period of time. This could serve as an alternative to overcome the limitations of time and cost in previous field surveys using remote sensing techniques.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.307-330
• /
• 2013

The genus Cryptomonas is easily recognized by having two flagella, green brownish color, and a swaying behavior. They have relatively simple morphology, and limited diagnostic characters, which present a major difficulty in differentiating between species of the genus. To understand species delineation and phylogenetic relationships among Cryptomonas species, the nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), partial large subunit (LSU) and small subunit ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and chloroplast-encoded psbA and LSU rDNA sequences were determined and used for phylogenetic analyses, using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. In addition, nuclear-encoded ITS2 sequences were predicted to secondary structures, and were used to determine nine species and four unidentified species from 47 strains. Sequences of helix I, II, and IIIb in ITS2 secondary structure were very useful for the identification of Cryptomonas species. However, the helix IV was the most variable region across species in alignment. The phylogenetic tree showed that fourteen species were monophyletic. However, some strains of C. obovata had chloroplasts with pyrenoid while others were without pyrenoid, which used as a key character in few species. Therefore, classification systems depending solely on morphological characters are inadequate, and require the use of molecular data.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.770-779
• /
• 2012

In order to verify the characteristics of vegetation structure in Jeolgu valley, Nakdongjeongmaek, we set up 29 plots(each plot area is $10m{\times}10m(100m^2)$. The survey site is located in around the valley and its range is about 3km section. The forest vegetation communities were analysed by TWINSPAN classification. The results of communities were classified 5 types such as Pinus densiflora community, deciduous broad-leaved tree community, Quercus variabilis community, Quercus mongolica community, Larix leptolepis community. The deciduous broad-leaved tree which prefer to moist environment and Quercus spp. has dominant in around the valley and the northern slope. In addition, Larix leptolepis community expect to maintain the present status for a while. However, the under story of Larix leptolepis community have expanded the influence of deciduous broad-leaved tree such as Fraxinus mandshurica, Morus bombycis, Acer mono and so on. Therefore, there will be developed next ecological succession by species of deciduous broad-leaved tree. The diversity index showed form 0.9665 to 1.2450. It were analyzed that diversity index of Jeolgu valley was higher than other places in Nakdongjeongmaek.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.231-238
• /
• 2009

The genus Grateloupia is the largest with more than 96 currently recognized species in the family Halymeniaceae, but morphological features of the genus are highly homoplasious making species identification difficult. In this study, we analyzed rbcL gene from 34 samples collected in Korea and compared the haplotypes of Korean species with those already published. The rbcL tree confirmed the occurrence of eight species in Korea: G. asiatica, G. catenata, G. divaricata, G. elliptica, G. imbricata, G. lanceolata, G. subpectina, and G. turuturu. All, except G. asiatica and G.catenata, been introduced from their native northeastern Asian waters to Australasian, European, and North American waters. The introduced haplotypes of G. lanceolata in Europe and North America were absent in Korea, while haplotype sharing of G. turuturu in Korea and Europe was common. Further sampling will show a source population of each introduced species and also provide a correct list of Grateloupia from Korea, including the other remaining 11 species of the genus.