• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.883-890
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• 2012

Emission characteristics of gaseous odor compounds emitted from the charcoal manufacturing process were investigated, and evaluated the odor removal efficiency of odor control devices. It was found that the measured odor dilution ratio of emission gases ranged from 10,000 to 44,814, which exceed largely the emission standard in the stack. Methylmercaptan, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, acetaldehyde were turned out as major odor compounds of the charcoal manufacturing process. It was revealed that the odor removal ratio of odor control devices were very low due to the its improper maintenance and wrong design.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2015

In this study, we used various dyes from natural pigments such as tumeric, goldthread, indigo, pagoda tree flower, sappanwood, and safflower to make the Hanji wallpaper with super eight colors of yellow, orange, green, turquoise, violet, red, blue, and magenta. As a result of measuring the lightfastness, magenta dyed with sappanwood showed the worst effect, but blue dyed with only indigo showed the best effect. In terms of the spot test by water, red wallpaper dyed with safflower showed the clear spot, but blue, turquoise, and green dyed with indigo resulted in a little spot. The orange, violet, and magenta dyed with goldthread and sappanwood showed antibacterial activity, and the turquoise, green, and blue also has a little antibacterial activity. However, yellow and red didn't show the some result as expected. In the experiment for efficiency of formaldehyde removal, all Hanji wallpapers dyed with natural pigments showed the significant removal effect of formaldehyde, especially turquoise and red were the highest.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.239-250
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• 2011

A photovoltaic powered ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis system was tested with a number of natural groundwaters in Australia. The objective of this study was to compare system performance at six remote field locations by assessing the impact of water composition and fluctuating energy on inorganic contaminant removal using a BW30-4040 membrane. Solar irradiance directly affected pressure and flow. Groundwater characteristics (including TDS, salts, heavy metals, and pH), impacted other performance parameters such as retention, specific energy consumption and flux. During continual system operation, retention of ions such as $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ was high (> 95%) with each groundwater which can be attributed to steric exclusion. The retention of smaller ions such as $NO_3{^-}$ was affected by weather conditions and groundwater composition, as convection/diffusion dominate retention. When solar irradiance was insufficient or fluctuations too great for system operation, performance deteriorated and retention dropped significantly (< 30% at Ti Tree). Groundwater pH affected flux and retention of smaller ions ($NO_3{^-}$ and $F^-$) because charge repulsion increases with pH. The results highlight variations in system performance (ion retention, flux, specific energy consumption) with real solar irradiance, groundwater composition, and pH conditions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2024

Fire blight is a bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora. In Korea, fire blight was first reported in 2015 in an orchard. If the infection is confirmed, all trees in the orchard must be removed and the orchard must remain closed for 3 years. Since 2020, if the number of trees infected with fire blight is less than 5% of the total trees in the orchard, only the infected tree and adjacent trees are removed in Korea. Three years after removal, the trees can be replanted after confirming that the orchard soil is free from E. amylovora. In this study, a protocol was established for detecting E. amylovora in soil via selective enrichment, using tryptic soy broth with 0.05% bile salts and 50 ㎍/ml cycloheximide, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. This protocol resulted in a 1,000-times improved detection limit for E. amylovora in soil samples compared to that in unenriched samples. Soil monitoring was performed for orchards where fire blight-infected trees had been removed 3-27 months prior; the selected orchards were monitored every 3 months. Monitoring confirmed that E. amylovora was not present in the soil at any site in any of the orchards. A new detection protocol facilitates the monitoring of E. amylovora in soil and could help permit the replanting of trees in orchards. Also monitoring results provide evidence that trees can be planted earlier.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

본 연구는 석탄회의 카드뮴에 대한 흡착특성을 조사하기 위하여 회분식 실험과 반응표면분석을 실시하였다. Langmuir model과 Chapman-Richards model로 산정된 석탄회의 카드뮴의 최대 제거량은 12.95mg/g와 12.99mg/g로 조사되었다. 또한 초기 pH 4에서 9까지의 카드뮴의 제거특성은 초기 pH에 따라 서로 다른 양상을 나타내었으며, pH가 증가 할수록 카드뮴의 제거량은 흡착과 침전에 의한 영향으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, pH에서 카드뮴의 제거량의 감소에 대한 결과는 $H^+$이온의 증가에 따른 카드뮴이온과의 경쟁적 반응에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 반응표면분석법 중 Box-Behnken법을 이용하여 초기 카드뮴 농도($X_1$), 초기 pH($X_2$), 그리고 초기 석탄회의 주입량($X_3$)을 독립변수로 선정하였으며, 종속변수인 석탄회의 카드뮴의 흡착특성을 수학적 모델로 도출하였다. 경험적 모델인 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 실험적 요인과 반응변수에 대한 관계를 도출하도록 반응모델식을 개발하였다. 통계학적 분석결과, 1차 선형효과(주효과)에서 초기 카드뮴 농도, 초기 pH, 초기 석탄회의 주입량과, 2차 비선형 효과(교호작용, 상호효과)에 대하여 유의한 것으로 조사되었다. 도출된 반응모델은 수정 결정계수가 0.928으로 1에 근사한 값을 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, 도출된 반응모델은 카드뮴 제거율에 매우 근접하게 결과를 도출할 수 있었다. 또한, 통계학적 분석결과 카드뮴 제거에 미치는 영향은 초기 pH > 초기 카드뮴 농도 > 초기 석탄회의 주입량 순으로 나타났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.278-282
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• 2018

강원지역 산림에서 수목들의 가지치기로 인하여 발생되는 목재 폐기물의 재활용 처리 기술 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 3종류(낙엽송, 향나무, 소나무) 폐목재를 활용한 흡착 실험에 의하여 수중에 함유된 메틸렌 블루의 제거능력이 우수한 생물흡착제로 향나무를 선별하였다. 그리고, 메틸렌 블루 제거효율을 향상하고자 0.4 g/100 mL의 향나무를 주입하여 반응 4 h 흡착하였을 때, 수중에 용해된 100, 200, 300 mg/L의 메틸렌 블루는 각각 98, 93, 81%의 제거효율을 나타내었다. 흡착제 농도 변화에 의한 흡착평형 자료들은 Freundlich식보다 Langmuir식에 잘 부합됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 메틸렌 블루 농도 변화에 의한 동력학적 실험으로부터, 생물흡착 속도식은 유사 2차 반응식에 보다 적합함을 알 수 있었다. 고농도 메틸렌의 블루 제거능력을 증가시키기 위하여, 300과 400 mg/L 메틸렌 블루를 210 rpm 교반속도로 4 h 운전하였을 때, 각각 92, 76% 제거효율을 나타내었다. 따라서 이러한 실험 결과들은 수중에 용해된 메틸렌 블루를 경제적으로 처리하는 새로운 생물흡착 기술에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.5280-5287
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 라만스펙트럼의 효과적인 판별을 위해 계층 트리 구조로 클래스를 그룹화 하는 방식을 제안하였다. 실험데이터로는 28종 화학물질의 라만 스펙트럼을 준비하였고 잡음제거, 정규화 등의 전처리 수행하였다. 다음으로 사전실험을 통해 서로 간에 분류오류를 발생시키는 물질들을 그룹화 하여 계층 구조의 클래스를 구성하였고, 각각의 상위, 하위 클래스에 PCA(principal component analysis) 특징추출과 MAP(maximum a posteriori probability) 방식의 분류실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과에 의하면 계층 구조의 클래스를 적용한 경우 평균 2.7개의 특징을 사용하여 분류가 100% 이루어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 계층 구조를 적용하지 않는 기존의 방식에서 6개의 특징을 사용할 때 동일한 분류결과를 보였음을 감안해 보면, 제안한 방식이 전체 계산 복잡도의 측면에서 훨씬 뛰어남을 알 수 있다. 따라서 제안한 방식이 실제 응용에 보다 적합하다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2002

본 연구는 외래도입 병솔꽃나무(Callistemon citrinus)의 개화결실 습성과 효율적인 증식방법을 구명 하고자 수행하였다. 병솔꽃나무의 삭과는 개화후 4년간 가지에 존속하며, 종자의 수와 크기는 3년생 삭과와 2년생 삭과가 비슷한 반면 1년생 삭과는 크게 차이가 나는 것으로 나타났다. 삭과로부터 종자를 탈리시키기 위해 건조시킨 결과 삭과의 상대 수분함량이 약 75%일 때 삭과열개율이 100%에 달했다. 발아율은 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 건조시킨 종자가 가장 높았으며, 그 중 2년생 삭과에서 탈리된 종자의 발아율이 높았다. 반면 50, 7$0^{\circ}C$에서 건조되어 탈리된 종자의 발아율은 낮았다. 가을철 2차 개화를 유도하기 위하여 봄철 개화 후 삭과가 달린 가지를 전정한 개체에서는 모든 개체에서 가을에 개화하였으며 , 개화량은 평균 14송이였다. 반숙지를 IBA 100mgι$^{-1}$ 에 24시간 침적처리한 결과 86.4%가 발근되었으며, 평균 12.6개의 1차근을 가지며 생장이 가장 양호하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.240-244
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• 2004

The objective of this research was to develop the adsorbent far heavy metals by activating the bark sample. Barks from pine tree with diameters of $2{\sim}4\;mm$ were activated in the muffle furnace under a high relative humidity condition at temperatures of $600{\sim}900^{\circ}C$. The removal efficiency of the activated bark (ACTBARK) for Cu and Cd was temperature dependent showing the order of $900^{\circ}C$ > $800^{\circ}C$ > $700^{\circ}C$ > $600^{\circ}C$. The critical temperature was considered to be $900^{\circ}C$ to become an efficient adsorbent for Cu and Cd. The bark samples activated at temperatures lower than $700^{\circ}C$ showed a less removal efficiency than the crude bark. The ACTBARK activated at $900^{\circ}C$ removed more Cu and Cd from solution than the commercial activated carbon and charcoal. The ACTBARK (activated at $900^{\circ}C$) adsorbed all of the Cu and Cd in solution with concentrations less than 150 mg/L. The selectivity of the ACTBARK was in the order of Cu > Zn > Ni > Pb > Fe > Cd > Mn.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.647-654
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• 2020

Background and objective: Particulate matter (PM) is one of the serious environmental problems and threatens human health. Plants can clean the air by removing PM from the atmosphere. This study was carried out to investigate the PM removal efficiency of 12 species of woody plants. Methods: Actinidia arguta, Dendropanax morbiferus, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Pittosporum tobira, Rhaphiolepis indica, Rhapis, Salix integra, Salix koreensis, Schisandra chinensis, Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki, and Vitis coignetiae were used as plant material. Six 15 cm (D) pots were placed in an acrylic chamber of 800 (D) × 800 (W) × 1000 (H) mm. The LED panel was used as a light source. The reduction of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 for 300 minutes after the injection of PM was automatically measured. Results: The leaf area and the amount of PM in the chamber showed a negative correlation. 12 species of plants were compared by dividing the plants into 3 groups according to their characteristics: vines, trees, and shrubs and small trees. In the vine plant group, the averages of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 7.917%, 8.796%, and 30.275%, respectively. In the shrubs and small trees group, the average of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 10.142%, 11.133%, and 36.448%, respectively. In the trees group, the average of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 11.475%, 12.892%, and 40.421%, respectively. When the initial concentration was 100%, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 of Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki with the largest leaf area were 5.6%, 6.3%, and 21.0% after 5 hours, respectively, the best results among 12 species of plants. Conclusion: The vine plant group was more effective in removing PM than the other two groups. In the tree groups, the fact that the leaf development was relatively inactive at a plant height of 30 cm was considered to have an effect on the removal of particulate matter.