• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1999

To estimate optimal tree diameter and height growth function in Pinus thunbergii stands with site index of 12 class, quoted from two linear models of linear transformation(1) and linear transformation (2) and four non-linear models of exponential, Gompertz, Chapman-Richards, and Weibull etc.. Analyzed correlation among the estimated tree diameter and height by these function models, and observed diameter and height growth were compared. In the results of tree diameter and height growth estimation by stand age, non-linear models showed better appropriation than linear model and Chapman-Richards model was most fitted for tree height growth but few, if any, differences among their nonlinear models. Therefore, it is consider to be much more study about non-linear model to estimate tree diameter and height growth in the actual stands hereafter.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 2015

Height growth models for Pinus thunbergii in Jeju Island were developed in this study using four widely used nonlinear growth models; Exponential, Modified Logistic, Chapman-Richards, and Weibull. All functions were found to be significant at the 1% level. Chapman-Richards model for height-DBH allometry and Weibull model for height-age allometry was chosen as the best model on the all validation. All the model curves showed the similar pattern. Additionally, there was no abnormal pattern when the previous studies were compared. Therefore, these models are highly expected to be used to estimate the tree height using DBH or age for Pinus thunbergii especially in Jeju Island.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.267-282
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine (1) problem solving processes, and (2) the relationship between problem solving abilities and emotional stability in preschool children. Sixty children, 4, 5, and 6 years of age were selected as subjects from 2 kindergartens. Their problem solving abilities were assessed with the Sink and Float activity and their emotional stability was measured with the House-Tree-Person test. General abilities for problem solving developed with increase in children's age. That is, age differences were found in all 3 problem solving processes of generating, testing, and applying hypotheses. No differences between sexes or kindergarten program were found. Children's emotional stability was significantly related to problem solving ability. While the relationship between emotional stability and processes of generating and applying hypotheses was not significant, emotionally stable children performed better in free play.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze annual tree ring growth characteristics for major tree species distributed in Chungbuk province. A total of 800 sample trees from 56 permanent sampling plots measured by the 5th Korean National Forest Inventory Program in 2007 was used for the calculation of annual growth rates. According to the results of this study, the species of Robinia pseudoacacia(2.30mm/yr) showed the best annual tree ring growth rates and the others are Quercus serrata(2.27mm/yr)>Prunus sargentii(1.98mm/yr)> and Larix leptolepis(1.98mm/yr) in order. Most of the major tree species in Chungbuk province, as tree age and stand density increased, annual tree ring growth rates tended to decreased. This information could be very useful for forest managers to understand annual tree ring growth characteristics in Chungbuk province.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

The study was performed to analyze the growth of the red pine (Pinus densiflora) in the Eastern Region of Korea. Stem profile data from a total of 8 dominant trees of which each tree represents its site were collected and used for the analysis. The stem volumes were calculated using Smalian's formula and much higher than the ones by Korea Forest Research Institute in larger than dbh 40 cm. The total bark volumes were more proportionally related to dbh and stem volume than to height and age. The bark thickness and volume decreased as relative height increases but increased as relative dbh increased. The average PAI of dbh and height reached the highest at 0.8 cm/yr (age 15) and at 0.45 m/yr (age 30) respectively, while the average PAI of volume steadily tended to increase up to age 80. The growth percentages of dbh, height and volume tended to decrease with age and volume growth percentage was higher than dbh and height.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze annual diameter growth characteristics for major 11 tree species using the data for Gangwon province of the National Forest Resources Inventory in 2007. The annual diameter growth of coniferous species was 5.02 mm, 4.70 mm, and 3.90 mm in Korean white pine, Japanese larch, and Korean red pine, respectively. In growths of the deciduous trees, dogwood, basswood, and cork oak had 3.55 mm, 3.48 mm and 3.01 mm, respectively. Average of the annual diameter growths for all species was 3.38 mm. The relationship between diameter growth and age class showed that the growth rate decreased for all species as age increased. The age class II had the highest annual diameter rate. In relation of the stand density(trees per hectare) and diameter growth, the diameter growth tended to decrease as the stand density increased for most species, especially Korean white pine, cork oak, and basswood. Finally age had the highest value in the correlation coefficients between measurement factor and growth rate regardless of species.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.472-480
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• 2018

This study was conducted to estimate carbon storage in Quercus mongolica stands based on stand age class, and to provide basic data on the carbon balance of broad-leaved forests of Korea. The research was conducted at the experimental forest of Kangwon National University, Hongcheon-gun County, Gangwon-do Province, Korea. Three plots were set up in each of three Q. mongolica forest stands (III, V, and VII) to estimate the amount of carbon stored in Q. mongolica aboveground vegetation, coarse woody debris (CWD), organic layer, mineral soil, and litterfall. The carbon storage of the aboveground vegetation increased with an increase in stand age, while the carbon storage ratio of stems decreased. The carbon storage of the organic layer, CWD, and litterfall did not show any significant differences among age classes. In addition, the carbon concentration and storage in the forest soils decreased with depth, and there were no differences among age classes for any soil horizon. Finally, the total carbon storage in the III, V, and VII stands of Q. mongolica were 132.2, 241.1, and $374.4Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. In order to predict and effectively manage forest carbon dynamics in Korea, further study on deciduous forests with other tree species in different regions will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2008

This study is to understand how fluidity and natural features of Art Nouveau style are reflected in hair style of Art Nouveau age and Modem age and be a help to the trend analysis of hair style in the future. The study is conducted with the research on Art Nouveau expression in hair style and analysis of hair-show, trend presentation, documents related with hair style, TV drama, theses, journals and internet etc through advance research for Art Nouveau and Hair. The result of the analysis on Art Nouveau pattern in hair design is presented as below. First, it shows rounded, winding, flowing and thick-waved style of Art Nouveau pattern in modem long and short hair style. It also shows the beauty of long, bending and flexible lines, waving liveness and thin and slim lines and this is the Art Nouveau pattern that is also applied to other fields. In terms of decoration, it does not use tree vines, leaves and petals that are expressed in paintings of Art Nouveau age. Second, it shows natural up-style by lifting hair up with waved long hair that is one pattern of Art Nouveau and expresses hair style with feathers of birds, tree vines, leaves and petals etc for more decoration in animal pattern to make cute, romantic and elegant style in hair style.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

Back ground: Nurses now occupy one third of all hospital human resources. Therefore, efficient management of nursing manpower is getting more important. While it is very clear that nursing workload requirement analysis and patient severity classification should be done first for the efficient allocation of nursing workforce, these processes have been conducted manually with ad hoc rule. Purposes: This study was tried to make a predict model for patient classification according to nursing need. We tried to find the easier and faster method to classify nursing patients that can help efficient management of nursing manpower. Methods: The nursing patient classifications data of the hospitalized cancer patients in one of the biggest cancer center in Korea during 2003.1.1-2003.12.31 were assessed by trained nurses. This study developed a prediction model and analyzing nursing needs by data mining techniques. Patients were classified by three different data mining techniques, (Logistic regression, Decision tree and Neural network) and the results were assessed. Results: The data set was created using 165,073 records of 2,228 patients classification database. Main explaining variables were as follows in 3 different data mining techniques. 1) Logistic regression : age, month and section. 2) Decision tree : section, month, age and tumor. 3) Neural network : section, diagnosis, age, sex, metastasis, hospital days and month. Among these three techniques, neural network showed the best prediction power in ROC curve verification. As the result of the patient classification prediction model developed by neural network based on nurse needs, the prediction accuracy was 84.06%. Conclusion: The patient classification prediction model was developed and tested in this study using real patients data. The result can be employed for more accurate calculation of required nursing staff and effective use of labor force.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2000

This is a case report of a 5-month-old male who was brought in to hospital for evaluation of jaundice from birth. The baby had a history of ileal atresia operated 2 days after birth. At the age of one month, Tc-99m DISIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed at other hospital and reported to show good hepatic uptake of the tracer but no uptake in the biliary tree, gall bladder, or intestine for 24 hours post injection. He was judged to have biliary atresia. However, subsequent exploratory laparotomy revealed that the hepatobiliary tree appeared intact and that there was a gall bladder. Additionally, the patient had central aorto-pulmonary shunt for the right ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis of a peripheral type at the age of 4 months. The second hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed on admission at the age of 5 months, showing a gall bladder but no intestinal uptake up to 24 hours. Retrospectively, the histological specimen of the liver obtained at the exploratory laparotomy was re-evaluated, and by the histological findings coupled with clinical data, arteriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille's syndrome) was diagnosed. In this report, we emphasize the diagnostic limitation of hepatobiliary scintigraphy and the importance of overall clinical and histologic evaluation in a case of Alagille's syndrome.