• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권sup1호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2008

Reports about FDG PET in biliary tumor are limited and there are almost no reports regarding its efficacy. Biliary tumor is divided to intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct cancer, and intrahepatic bile duct cancer can be further divided to peripheral type which occurs at lobular duct and hilar type which occurs at hepatic hilum. Surgical resection is the only curative method for bile duct tumor, and accurate staging plays an important role in deciding treatment modality. Among intrahepatic bile duct tumors, peripheral type and hilar type have the same histological characteristics, but different clinical manifestations and tumor growth pattern. On PET image, FDG uptake is also different between peripheral type and hilar type. Most of the former shows high FDG uptake at primary and metastasis site so it is very useful for determining stage and changing treatment plans. However, the later is diversified among low uptake and very high uptake. The FDG uptake pattern of hilar type is similar to that of extrahepatic bile duct cancer, and mucinous component is an important factor, which affects FOG uptake. When tumor cells are scattered in desmoplatsic stroma, then FDG uptake is low as well. In contrast, when FDG uptake is high, it is likely to be tubular type which has high tumor density. Tumor growth pattern also affects FDG uptake. Nodular type mostly takes higher FDG compared to infiltrative type. There are many cases where benign inflammatory diseases take high FDG that PET alone can not distinguish malignant lesion from benign lesion. In conclusion, studies about PET using FDG are still limited. Thus, it is hard to make accurate conclusion about the roles of PET or PET/CT in biliary cancers, but peripheral type intrahepatic bile duct cancers and mass forming hilar and extrahepatic bile duct cancers appear to be good indications performing FDG PET or PET/CT.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2020

Background: Kori unit #1 is permanently shut down after a 40-year lifetime. The Nuclear Safety and Security Commission recommends establishing initial decommissioning plans for all nuclear and radwaste treatment facilities. Therefore, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) must establish an initial and final decommissioning plan for radwaste-treatment facilities. Radiation safety assessment, which constitutes one chapter of the decommissioning plan, is important for establishing a decommissioning schedule, a strategy, and cost. It is also a critical issue for the government and public to understand. Materials and Methods: This study provides a method for assessing external radiation dose to workers during decommissioning. An external dose is calculated following each exposure scenario, decommissioning strategy, and working schedule. In this study, exposure dose is evaluated using the deterministic method. Physical characterization of the facility is obtained by both direct measurement and analysis of the drawings, and radiological characterization is analyzed using the annual report of KAERI, which measures the ambient dose every month. Results and Discussion: External doses are calculated at each stage of a decommissioning strategy and found to increase with each successive stage. The maximum external dose was evaluated to be 397.06 man-mSv when working in liquid-waste storage. To satisfy the regulations, working period and manpower must be managed. In this study, average and cumulative exposure doses were calculated for three cases, and the average exposure dose was found to be about 17 mSv/yr in all the cases. Conclusion: For the three cases presented, the average exposure dose is well below the annual maximum effective dose restriction imposed by the international and domestic regulations. Working period and manpower greatly affect the cost and entire decommissioning plan; hence, the chosen option must take account of these factors with due consideration of worker safety.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.981-989
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• 1998

하악 전치의 위치와 각도, 형태와 근원심 폭경 등은 심미성, 전치부의 적절한 교합, 그리고 치료 후 안정성 측면에서 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 하악 전치가 선천적으로 결손된 경우 수평피개 및 수직피개의 증가, 인접치의 이동, 공극 및 치아 크기 부조화 등 교정적으로 복잡한 문제를 야기할 수 있으므로 하악 전치 결손시 이에 대한 충분한 고려가 필요하다. 하악 전치 결손의 치료계획 수립시 전치의 위치와 각도, 입술 모양, crowding양, 견치와 대구치 관계, 수평 및 수직피개, 전후방적 골격 관계 및 치아크기 비율 등이 고려되어야 하며, 전치부 치아 크기 부조화에 대한 정확한 평가를 위해 diagnostic model set-up을 시행하는 것이 많은 도움이 된다. 본 증례의 두 환자는 모두 하악 전치 2개가 결손되었지만 crowding양, 골격 관계 및 입술 모양, 구치 관계 등이 달랐으며 이에 따른 치료 계획 역시 발치 및 비발치로 상이하였다. 앞으로 두 환자의 치료후 안정 및 유지에 대한 장기간의 관찰이 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2018

Background: We analyzed changes in the doses, structure volumes, and dose-volume histograms (DVHs) when data were transferred from one commercial treatment planning system (TPS) to another commercial TPS. Materials and Methods: A total of 22 volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for nasopharyngeal cancer were generated with the Eclipse system using 6-MV photon beams. The computed tomography (CT) images, dose distributions, and structure information, including the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs), were transferred from the Eclipse to the MRIdian system in digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) format. Thereafter, DVHs of the OARs and PTVs were generated in the MRIdian system. The structure volumes, dose distributions, and DVHs were compared between the MRIdian and Eclipse systems. Results and Discussion: The dose differences between the two systems were negligible (average matching ratio for every voxel with a 0.1% dose difference criterion = $100.0{\pm}0.0%$). However, the structure volumes significantly differed between the MRIdian and Eclipse systems (volume differences of $743.21{\pm}461.91%$ for the optic chiasm and $8.98{\pm}1.98%$ for the PTV). Compared to the Eclipse system, the MRIdian system generally overestimated the structure volumes (all, p < 0.001). The DVHs that were plotted using the relative structure volumes exhibited small differences between the MRIdian and Eclipse systems. In contrast, the DVHs that were plotted using the absolute structure volumes showed large differences between the two TPSs. Conclusion: DVH interpretation between two TPSs should be performed using DVHs plotted with the absolute dose and absolute volume, rather than the relative values.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2018

최근 치과치료를 위해 병원을 방문하는 것뿐만 아니라, 교정치료를 위한 방문이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 교정치료환자와 일반치료환자의 의료서비스 만족도에 미치는 관련 요인을 비교 고찰하기 위하여 2015년 9월 1일부터 9월 30일에 걸쳐 대구 경북지역 소재의 치과 의료기관에 치료 중인 환자 421명을 임의표본 추출하여 비교 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 다변량 분석결과, 교정치료환자와 일반치료환자의 공통된 유의한 관련성이 있는 독립변수는 의료진과 진료비인 것으로 나타났으며, 일반치료환자의 경우 추가로 치과치료 시 공포감이 의료서비스 만족도에 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 따라서 환자에 대한 의료서비스 만족도를 제고하기 위해서는 양질의 의료서비스와 적절한 진료비 제공이 공통적으로 필요하고, 특히 일반치료환자의 경우에는 통증감소를 위한 상담관리와 치과치료 공포감 완화를 포함한 종합적인 맞춤식 서비스 제고 방안이 요구된다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-168
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• 2004

Objectives & Methods: We investigated 36 books to study etiology, pathology and acupuncture & Moxibustion treatment of Gak-Gi Result and Conclusion 1. Gak-Gi is a disease of legs. In the past, it was called Wan-poong(緩風) or Gueol(厥). Currently it is divided into two kinds; the Seup-Gak-Gi(Damp Gak-Gi) in which the legs swell; The Gun-Gak-Gi(Dry Gak-Gi) in which the legs do not swell. 2. Gak-Gi may be caused by exogenous wind, coldness, dampness and Excess of phlegm or damp-heat. It also can be caused by weakness of vital energy(Myungmoon fire;命門火), kidney Yin deficiency and vital energy deficiency in the Stomach and Spleen. 3. Gak-Gi-Pal-Hyul(Eight acupoints for Gak-Gi; 脚氣八穴) are GB31(Poonsi; 風市), ST32(Bok-to; 伏兎), ST35(Dok-bi; 犢鼻), Nae-seul-an(Extra point; 內膝眼), ST36(Chok-samni; 足三里) ST37(Sang-goho; 上巨虛) ST39(Hagoho; 下巨虛) GB41 (Choc-imup; 足臨泣) 4. Treatment plans for Gak-Gi are removing the exogenous wind, coldness and dampness, regulating meridians, alleviating the pain and swelling, more importantly, tonifying vital energy and nourishing Spleen and Stomach. 5. Three out of Eight acupoints for Gak-Gi, ST36(Chok-samni; 足三里), ST37(Sang-goho; 上巨 虛), ST39(Hagoho; 下巨虛) are Lower sea points of Fu organs( Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine). Five out of Eight acupoints for Gak-Gi, ST32(Bok-to; 伏兎), ST35(Dok-bi;犢鼻) are onthe Stomach meridian, and Nae-seu1-an(Extra point; 內膝眼) is on the Spleen meridian. This result indicates that regulation of Middle-cho(中焦) is important in the treatment for Gak-Gi.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2009

Dental emergency varies from toothache to trauma of oromaxillofacial area. Recently, the number of emergency cases after dental treatment is increasing because surgical treatments such as implant installation rise. Dental emergency patients have been looking for emergency room of general hospital and they could be treated only when the dentist of night duty exists. Although there are many analyses on the dental emergency patients visiting general hospitals, research on the dental treatment only has not been provided enough. We anticipated different aspects between the dental emergency patients visiting independent dental hospital and general hospitals. We analyzed dental emergency patients' chief complaints and received procedures for almost 1-year period in Won-Kwang dental hospital in Dae-jeon where there had been no dental emergency settings. With this 1574 patients' result, we tried to find appropriate treatment plans regarding dental emergency patients occurring at night and holidays.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.471-474
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• 2006

Objective : Neuroimaging data are of paramount importance in making correct diagnosis. We herein evaluate the clinical usefulness of image transfer using cellular phones to facilitate neurological diagnosis and decision-making. Methods : Selected images from CT, MRI scans, and plain films obtained from 50 neurosurgical patients were transferred by cellular phones. A cellular phone with a built-in 1,300,000-pixel digital camera was used to capture and send the images. A cellular phone with a 262,000 color thin-film transistor liquid crystal display was used to receive the images. Communication between both cellular phones was operated by the same wireless protocol and the same wireless internet service. We compared the concordance of diagnoses and treatment plans between a house staff who could review full-scale original films and a consultant who could only review transferred images. These finding were later analyzed by a third observer. Results : The mean time of complete transfer was $2{\sim}3\;minutes$. The quality of all images received was good enough to make precise diagnosis and to select treatment options. Transferred images were helpful in making correct diagnosis and decision making in 49/50 [98%] cases. Discordant result was caused in one patient by improper selection of images by the house staff. Conclusion : The cellular phone system was useful for image transfer and delivery patient's information, leading to earlier diagnosis and initiation of treatment. This usefulness was due to sufficient resolution of the built-in camera and the TFT-LCD, the user-friendly features of the devices, and their low cost.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.107-110
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• 2011

Purpose: There have been few case reports regarding treatment plans for long-term, neglected scalp defects and calvarial defects with subdural abscess. The purpose of this case report is to present our experience with a free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap for scalp and calvarial defects and to discuss flap options in comparison with a literature review. Methods: A 60-year-old man who fell down from a four-story-height that resulted in a craniotomy in 1979; he visited our outpatient clinic for a chronic, purulent scalp and calvarial defects with unidentified artificial bone. The artificial bone was removed by a neurosurgeon and reconstructed with a free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. The deep temporal artery was used as a recipient artery. The postoperative flap status was excellent until the 6th day post-operation when the patient experienced a seizure, and an arterial insufficiency occurred at the flap probably due to an arterial spasm. Emergency exploration with arterial re-anastomosis was performed and the flap status was stabilized. Results: Complete wound healing was achieved after 3 weeks without infectious and systemic postoperative complications. During the 6 month follow-up period, there were no complications. Conclusion: We suggest the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap as a good treatment option for a chronic, purulent, complicated scalp with calvarial defect, as a well as treatment for an acute traumatic defect.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제57권10호
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• pp.579-587
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• 2019

Korea became an aged society as of 2018, and will have plunged into a super-aged society by 2025. For the dental treatment of elderly patients, their general conditions are to be considered to make appropriate treatment plans and strategies, based on advanced knowledge of geriatric dentistry and clinical experience. In this study, the social demand for geriatric dental specialists for the treatment of the elderly of Korea is investigated by looking at their general health conditions, ADL (Activities of Daily Living), and IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), along with the review of the advanced training programs of geriatric dentistry in other countries.