• 제목/요약/키워드: treatment plans

검색결과 593건 처리시간 0.028초

Dosimetric Comparison between Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy and 3 Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer

  • Simson, David K;Mitra, Swarupa;Ahlawat, Parveen;Sharma, Manoj Kumar;Yadav, Girigesh;Mishra, Manindra Bhushan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권11호
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    • pp.4935-4937
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    • 2016
  • Objective: To compare dosimetric parameters of 3 dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3 DCRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in terms of target coverage and doses to organs at risk (OAR) in the management of rectal carcinoma. Methods: In this prospective study, conducted between August 2014 and March 2016, all patients underwent CT simulation along with a bladder protocol and target contouring according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines. Two plans were made for each patient (3 DCRT and IMRT) for comparison of target coverage and OAR. Result: A total of 43 patients were recruited into this study. While there were no significant differences in mean Planning Target Volume (PTV) D95% and mean PTV D98% between 3 DCRT and IMRT, mean PTV D2% and mean PTV D50% were significantly higher in 3 DCRT plans. Compared to IMRT, 3 DCRT resulted in significantly higher volumes of hot spots, lower volumes of cold spots, and higher doses to the entire OAR. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that IMRT achieves superior normal tissue avoidance (bladder and bowel) compared to 3 DCRT, with comparable target dose coverage.

낙동강 수질관리 방안-하수분리 무방류시스템의 개념적 고찰 (A Conceptual Zero-Discharge System for Water Quality Management of the Nak-Dong River)

  • 박희경;현인환;박중현
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.40-49
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    • 1997
  • From water management point of view, the industrialization that we have achieved in the last decades brought out two major changes: water shortage and water quality deterioration. They are getting the big obstacles we must overcome to continuously pursue industrialization for further development in the next century. Many plans using dams and advanced treatment methods have been developed for control of quantity and quality, respectively. In this paper, an alternative is conceptually reviewed which is much different from the plans in regard that the alternative looks at system itself. It is based on an interceptor system coupling with a concept of zero-discharge. This system allows no discharge of wastewaters from point-sources to waterbodies which are very sensitive in terms of water quality. In addition reuse of treated effluents is emphasized to a maximum extent. The application of the system to the Nak-Dong river basin indicated that an interceptor system will need from the middle reaches of the basin where industrialization gets heavier. Since wastewaters are not directly discharged to the river, water quality of the down stream will improve. Treated effluents will be able to be reused at a number of industrial complex which currently get water from the Nak-Dong river. This reuse will help alleviate water shortage. The biggest problem anticipated is cost for building and operating such system. A cost-sharing plan among the beneficiaries is considered. Further research is suggested focusing on detailed engineering and technical matters for potential implementation.

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골반 림프선을 포함한 전립선암 치료 시 Split VMAT plan의 유용성 평가 (Evaluating efficiency of Split VMAT plan for prostate cancer radiotherapy involving pelvic lymph nodes)

  • 문준기;손상준;김대호;서석진
    • 대한방사선치료학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.145-156
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    • 2015
  • 목 적 : 골반 림프선을 포함한 전립선암 치료 시 기존 치료방법인 직장 전체를 윤곽 그리기한 2회전 치료계획(이하 Conventional VMAT plan)과 직장의 선량을 낮추기 위하여 상부와 하부로 나누어 윤곽 그리기한 2회전 치료계획(이하 Split VMAT plan)의 유용성을 비교, 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에서 TrueBeam STX(Varian Medical Systems, USA)를 이용하여, Split VMAT plan으로 방사선치료를 받은 전립선암 환자 9명을 대상으로 하였다. 전산화치료계획은 Eclipse(Ver 10.0.42, Varian, USA), PRO3(Progressive Resolution Optimizer 10.0.28), AAA(Anisotropic Analytic Algorithm Ver 10.0.28) 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 전립선 PTV의 Superior 방향으로 1 cm부터 Inferior방향으로 1 cm까지를 하부 직장으로, 전체 직장에서 직장 하부를 제외한 부분을 상부 직장으로 윤곽 그리기(Contouring) 하였다. 치료계획은 콜리메이터 각도 $30^{\circ}$, $330^{\circ}$, 겐트리 회전반경이 각각 $360^{\circ}$인 두 개의 ARC, 10MV를 이용하였다. 처방 선량은 28회에 걸쳐 동시 추가 분할 선량법(Simultaneous Integrated Boost, SIB)으로 전립선에 총 선량이 각각 63~70 Gy, 골반 림프선에 총 선량이 50.4 Gy가 되도록 하였다. Split VMAT plan을 통해 도출된 전체 직장의 $D_{mean}$를 Conventional VMAT plan에서 전체 직장의 선량용적제한 값으로 설정하여 Conventional VMAT plan을 수립하였고, 그 외에 모든 조건은 동일하게 설정하였다. 모든 치료계획은 최적화 과정에서 나타나는 선량 차이의 무작위성을 최소화하기 위하여 각각 2회의 최적화와 선량 계산 과정을 거쳤으며 전립선 PTV100% = 90% 또는 95%로 Normalize 하였다. 전체 상부 하부 직장의 평균선량, 방광의 평균선량, 상부 직장의 $V_{50%}$, 각 치료 계획의 Total MU, 그리고 PTV의 H.I.(Homogeneity Index), C.I.(Conformity Index)를 평가 지표로 설정하였고, 전자영상유도장치를 이용하여 임상 적용 가능 여부 확인을 위한 IMRT verification QA(Gamma test)를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 두 치료계획의 평균선량을 비교한 결과 전체 직장은 최대 134.4 cGy, 최소 43.5 cGy, 평균 75.6 cGy로, 하부 직장은 최대 100.5 cGy, 최소 -34.6 cGy, 평균 34.3 cGy로, 상부 직장 은 최대 1113.5 cGy, 최소 87.2 cGy, 평균 550.5 cGy로, 방광은 최대 271 cGy, 최소 -55.5 cGy, 평균 117.8 cGy로 모두 Split VMAT plan이 낮은 값을 보였다. 상부 직장의 V50%도 최대 63.4%, 최소 3.2%, 평균 23.2%로 Split VMAT plan이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. Total MU는 Split VMAT plan이 최대 148, 최소 7로, 평균 77 더 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. PTV에 대한 H.I.와 C.I.는 두 치료계획 모두 서로 비슷한 결과를 나타냈다. Split VMAT plan에 대한 IMRT verification QA 결과 2 mm / 2%, Gamma pass rate 90.0% 기준을 모두 통과하였다. 결 론 : 골반 림프선을 포함한 전립선암 치료 시 Split VMAT plan은 Conventional VMAT plan과 비교하여 대부분의 평가지표에서 유리한 것으로 나타냈으며 치료효율을 높이면서 특히 상부 직장 선량을 감소시켜 전체 직장 선량을 낮추는데 탁월한 효과를 나타냈기 때문에 이를 적용시켜 방사선 치료효과를 높이는 것이 중요할 것이라 사료된다.

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우리나라 노인주간보호시설의 실내공간 특성과 계획안 (Characteristics of Interior Space and Planning for Elderly Day Care Center in Korea)

  • 이선주;권오정
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2003
  • Day care center for the elderly is an alternative for community care for frail elderly who need social participation and physical cares and services outside the family. The purpose of this study was to identify the present situation of day care center for the elderly and to suggest desirable interior space plans for elderly day care center. Data were collected by two ways; a mail survey and case studies of existing day care centers. Five cases of day care centers were analyzed to find out Physical and space problems, available programs and services. Also, the staffs in 96 day care centers for the elderly in nationwide were selected for a mail survey and 68.8 percentage of all was collected and analyzed. From the result of case studies, narrow space and lack of accessibility features for wheelchair or other prosthetic devices were the major problems. From the result of a mail survey analysis, the elderly users were over 73 years old, and high proportion had suffered from dementia and apoplexy Also, staffing ration was 1:7 In other words, one staff was caring of 7 old people, and supporting staff was insufficient. Therefore, supportive, therapeutic environment Was more important issue to improve quality of care. Separate program room and outdoor space, lounging space, treatment room by gardening, separate counselling room, bedroom, a simple kitchen unit, staff office, separate physical treatment room, resting room for staff was indicated more necessarily. When priority of planning interior space was safety followed by accessability and convenience, it was also reported that sire of each room was generally narrow. The most serious problem in interior space was the lack and narrowness of space, and accessible features for mobility. Based on the literature review and the findings of this study, two types of floor plans for elderly day care center were suggested;‘a mixed type for the elderly with and without dementia’and‘a separate type for the elderly with dementia.’The main goals for designing interior space for two types of elderly day care center were to provide safe environment, encouraging environment for remaining abilities of users, sanitary environment, therapeutic environment, familiar environment, and socially-encouraging environment. The recommendations for further studies were suggested.

하수처리구역내 단독정화조의 성능평가 및 최적 모형의 제안 (Evaluation of the Septic Tank Performance in the Sewage Treatment Area and Suggestion of an Optimum Model)

  • 임봉수;정금희;왕택걸
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.403-409
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    • 2007
  • This study was carried out to recommend the systematic improving practice for the effective operation of septic tank, and the evaluation of its BOD and nutrient removal efficiency depending on process, the survey of characteristics of FRP material, and the suggestion of optimum septic tank model within sewage treatment area. The average BOD concentration and BOD removal efficiency of septic tank which was carried out the cleaning periodically in 63.9 mg/L and 77.8%, shows good quality better than the septic tank which was not carried out the cleaning regularly. Maximum load of tensile, flexural and compressive strength increased in proportion to its thickness, and the contents standard 25% of glass fiber required upgrade over than 30%. Configuration and performance for the optimum of the septic tank suggests that over $0.75m^3$ of the effective total volume, adding to over $0.25m^3$ a man for more than 5 men of the treated person, retention time should be within one day. Improving plans about facility and materials quality of the septic tank have an obligation that protective wall ought to install on the concrete bottom and side faces to prevent crumble or transform from loading of the ground or upper part of the structure on the tank setting. And it is eliminated the uneffective resisting pressure and it keeps off circulate imperfect products by strengthening of the test methods such as stretching strength, pressing strength, glass fiber contents and thickness.

아파트단지의 급수량 및 오수발생량에 대한 조사 연구 (A Study on the Water Supplies and Sewage Amount in the Apartment Complexes)

  • 윤여진;최명수;방기웅
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.155-165
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    • 1998
  • 생활수준 향상과 식생활 변화로 인하여 생활용수 소비량이 증가함에 따라 일상생활에서 배출되는 오수의 양도 증가할 것으로 예측된다. 아파트 단지내 오수정화시설 및 하수처리장의 설계를 위해서는 먼저 인구에 근거한 오수량의 발생원단위를 알아야 한다. 이러한 자료는 하수처리의 운전이나 수질관리 계획 수립을 위해서도 꼭 필요한 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 주택공사의 123개 관리소에 2년간의 급수량을 취합하여 거주인구에 따른 급수량을 분석하였고 그 중에 수도권 1개 단지와 지방권 1개 단지를 선정하여 시간별, 일별, 요일별, 계절별의 오수유입량을 직접 실측함으로써 실제 급수량과 비교를 통하여 오수유입 총량 및 거주인구에 따른 원단위를 계산하였다.

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치위생과정에 근거한 구강건강관리프로그램 대상자의 치위생계획의 영향요인 분석 (Analysis of the factors of dental hygiene plans influencing patients of the dental hygiene program based on dental hygiene process)

  • 김유린
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.227-237
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: This study aims to recognize the importance of dental hygiene process diagnosis of dental hygiene process which can comprehensively grasp the patient's problem and to use it as a basis for establishing the patient's preventive treatment plan. Methods: This study did survey to 443 patients who received treatment based on the oral health care program from a dental clinic in Busan from January 2015 to January 2017. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 21.0), and statistical significance level was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to the dental hygiene problems affecting the dental hygiene plan. Results: There were significant differences in dental hygiene problems between male and female respondents on various dental problems such as dental plaque deposition, attrition, stain, dental fear, possibility of jaw joint disorder, food pressing, possibility of malocclusion. There were also significant differences in dental hygiene plans between male and female respondents in air-Jet, non-smoking education, and sealant. The most common dental hygiene plan was scaling, The problem of stain showed that the scaling plan was 0.20 times less. The explanatory power of the model was 43.5%, and the Hosmer and Lemeshow tests were 0.345. Conclusions: Therefore, if we continue to study the factors affecting the dental hygiene problems and the plan, we can reduce the burden of the dental hygienists applying the dental hygiene process in the dental clinic. And, it is expected that the oral health care program using the dental hygiene process will spread to the dental clinic as an excellent oral preventive program.

전립샘암의 방사선 치료 시 입체조형치료법와 세기조절방사선 치료법의 비교 (A Comparison between Three Dimensional Radiation Therapy and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy on Prostate Cancer)

  • 김영재;이재섭;홍성일;고혜진
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제7권6호
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    • pp.409-414
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구에서는 전립샘암 환자에게 방사선 치료법인 3차원 입체조형법과 세기조절치료법을 각각 적용 할 경우 선량분포의 차이를 관찰하여 치료기법의 우수성을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험대상자 10명의 컴퓨터 단층 모의치료영상을 얻어 종양학과 전문의가 종양용적 및 정상장기를 구분하고 종양용적에 흡수선량을 80 Gy로 설정한 후 각각 다른 치료계획을 수립하였다. 그 결과 선량분포윤곽은 세기조절치료법이 우수 하였고 종양조직의 흡수선량은 세기조절치료법이 처방선량에 근접(100.2%)하였으며 정상조직 흡수율(방광, 직장, 소장, 좌 우 대퇴골두) 또한 우수하였다. 즉, 전립샘암의 방사선 치료시 세기조절방사선치료가 입체조형치료법보다 선량적인 면에서 양호한 것으로 분석되었다.

부정교합 모델을 적용한 가상현실 시뮬레이션에 대한 인식조사 (Perception Survey of Virtual Reality Simulation with Malocclusion Models)

  • 김보람;류지헌;김선미;최남기
    • 대한소아치과학회지
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.302-312
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    • 2021
  • 이 연구의 목적은 부정교합 모델을 적용한 프로토타입 가상현실(Virtual Reality, VR) 시뮬레이션을 개발하고, 치과 전공의와 치과대학생 간의 수행 결과 및 만족도 설문 비교를 통해 VR 시뮬레이션의 치의학 교육에의 응용 가능성을 평가하는 것이다. 참가자들은 가상 부정교합 모델을 관찰한 후 부정교합의 유형을 진단하고, 가상 부정교합 모델에 나타나는 임상 소견과 적절한 치료계획을 결정하는 세 가지 과제를 수행하였고, 총 5문항으로 구성된 만족도에 관한 설문을 작성하였다. 전공의 집단의 부정교합 평가에 관한 수행능력은 학생 집단과 비교해 유의하게 높았으며(p < 0.01), 두 집단 모두에서 첫 번째 증례를 수행하는 시간보다 두 번째 증례를 수행하는 시간이 유의하게 감소하였다(p < 0.01). 만족도 설문에서는 모든 문항에 대해 보통 이상의 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 추후 VR 시뮬레이션의 지속적인 개발이 이루어진다면 가치 있는 교육 도구로 응용될 수 있을 것이다.

Chest-wall Surface Dose During Post-mastectomy Radiation Therapy, with and without Nonmagnetic Bolus: A Phantom Study

  • Choi, Cheon Woong;Hong, Joo Wan;Park, Cheol Soo;Ahn, Jae Ouk
    • Journal of Magnetics
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.293-297
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    • 2016
  • For mastectomy patients, sufficient doses of radiation should be delivered to the surface of the chest wall to prevent recurrence. A bolus is used to increase the surface dose on the chest wall, whereby the surface dose is confirmed with the use of a virtual bolus during the computerized treatment-planning process. The purpose of this study is an examination of the difference between the dose of the computerized treatment plan and the dose that is measured on the bolus. Part of the left breast of an Anderson Rando phantom was removed, followed by the attainment of computed tomography (CT) images that were used as the basis for computerized treatment plans that were established with no bolus, a 3 mm-thick bolus, a 5 mm-thick bolus, and a 10 mm-thick bolus. For the computerized treatment plan, a prescribed dose regimen was dispensed daily and planning target volume (PTV) coverage was applied according to the RTOG 1304 guidelines. Using each of the established computerized treatment plans, chest-wall doses of 5 points were measured; this chest-wall dose was used as the standard for the analysis of this study, while the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The measurement of the chest-wall dose with no bolus is 1.6 % to 10.3 % higher, and the differences of the minimum average and the maximum average of the five measurement points are -13.8 and -1.9, respectively (P < 0.05); however, when the bolus was used, the dosage was measured as 3.7 % to 9.2 % lower, and the differences of the minimum average and the maximum average are 7.4 and 9.0, -1.2 and 17.4, and 8.1 and 19.8 for 3 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm, respectively (P < 0.05). As the thickness of the bolus is increased, the differences of the average surface dose are further increased. There are a variety of factors that affect the surface dose on the chest wall during post-mastectomy radiation therapy, for which verification is required; in particular, a consideration of the appropriate thickness and the number of uses when a bolus is used, and which has the greatest effect on the surface dose on the chest wall, is considered necessary.