• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.503-509
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• 2001

The effects of salting methods on textural properties of Kakdugi were evaluated during fermentation at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for up to 52 days. Kakdugi samples were prepared by 4 different salting methods at final salt concentration of 1.5%, which is appropriate for organoleptic quality. The salting methods for radish cubes(2 cm size) of Kakdugi were as follows; 1) Treatment S-1: spraying dry salt uniformly on to the radish cubes at 1.5%(w/w) and holding for 1 hr, 2) Treatment S-5: spraying dry salt uniformly on to the radish cubes at 1.2%(w/w) and holding for 5 hr, 3) Treatment B-1: brining radish cubes in a 8.5%(w/v) salt solution for 1 hr, 4) Treatment B-5: brining radish cubes in a 4.0%(w/v) salt solution for 5 hr. The contents of water soluble pectin, total soluble solid and PG activity were increased as the fermentation periods increased. A majority of total dietary fiber(TDF) consisted of soluble dietary fiber(SDF), and the amount of insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) was relatively small in Kakdugi during fermentation. Furthermore, an increase in SDF and a consequent decrease in IDF contents were observed with the fermentation time increased.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.184-199
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• 2008

Background and Objective : Wrinkle treatment with oriental medicine is popular these days. But there are few reports about it. This study is performed to introduce wrinkle treatment with oriental medicine. Methods : We searched the oriental literature and reports related with wrinkles and wrinkle treatment. We study about treatment methods with Oriental Medicine like herbal medicines, acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion, etc. Result and Conclusions : Among the treatment method, acupuncture seems to use wound care mechanism. We propose oriental medicine as an effective and beneficial therapy for wrinkle treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.208-221
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this article was to investigate the current status of clinical studies of acupuncture treatment for depression using neuroimaging method, focusing on SCI papers. Methods: We searched for clinical trial studies of acupuncture treatment for depression using neuroimaging method in the MEDLINE (Pubmed), OASIS, and RISS database. Once the online search was finished, studies were selected manually by the inclusion criteria. Finally, we analyzed the characteristics of selected articles and reviewed the neural substrates of acupuncture treatment in depression. Results: Total eight studies were included in this study. The most frequently utilized modality was functional MRI. The most frequently selected acupoint for depression was GV20. Several studies revealed that acupuncture treatment could improve the symptoms of depression. In this manuscript, we demonstrated that neuroimaging techniques could capture the neural substrates associated with depression and acupuncture treatment may modulate the activation of brain areas which were impaired in depression in a different way from sham acupuncture. Conclusions: Utilizing neuroimaging methods to explore neural mechanism of acupuncture treatment on depression would be helpful in clinical trials and more efforts should be needed in this fields.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.465-469
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• 2006

Pre-treatment methods to determine various heavy metal contents in packaging papers were investigated by ICP-ES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry) analysis. Pre-treatment methods utilized in this study include dry ashing and decomposition methods ($HNO_{3-}HClO_{4-}HF,\;HNO_{3},\;and\;H_{2}SO_{4-}HNO_{3}$). They were compared with the conventional extraction (water) and migration (3% acetic acid) methods. The five representative heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, Cr and Hg) were analyzed. For Cd, Hg, and As, the results were below detection limit of the instrument. In case of Cr and Pb, the migration test is considered to be a better method compared to the extraction test, but all pretreated methods showed much higher detection efficiency than the extraction or migration test. However, the detection ratio between the migration test and decomposition methods was different. Among all decomposition methods, the nitric acid - perchloric acid - hydrofluoric acid treatment brought a slightly higher detection value than others, but there was no significant difference among them except sulfuric acid - nitric acid method. Concerning Pb, the sulfuric acid - nitric acid method showed a low detection efficiency compared to other decomposition methods. The sulfuric acid - nitric acid method is, thus, not considered to be a suitable analysis method for Pb in packaging papers.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.411-424
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• 2021

Inference following two-stage adaptive designs (also known as two-stage randomization designs) with survival endpoints usually focuses on estimating and comparing survival distributions for the different treatment strategies. The aim is to identify the treatment strategy(ies) that leads to better survival of the patients. The objectives of this study were to assess the performance three commonly cited methods for estimating survival distributions in two-stage randomization designs. We review three non-parametric methods for estimating survival distributions in two-stage adaptive designs and compare their performance using simulation studies. The simulation studies show that the method based on the marginal mean model is badly affected by high censoring rates and response rate. The other two methods which are natural extensions of the Nelson-Aalen estimator and the Kaplan-Meier estimator have similar performance. These two methods yield survival estimates which have less bias and more precise than the marginal mean model even in cases of small sample sizes. The weighted versions of the Nelson-Aalen and the Kaplan-Meier estimators are less affected by high censoring rates and low response rates. The bias of the method based on the marginal mean model increases rapidly with increase in censoring rate compared to the other two methods. We apply the three methods to a leukemia clinical trial dataset and also compare the results.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: Brain metastasis from well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is uncommon, and the treatment remains controversial. In this study, we analyzed cases of brain metastasis from well differentiated thyroid carcinoma to determine optimal treatment. Material and Methods: From March 1986 to May 2003, we experienced 13 cases of brain metastases from well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. There were 6 men and 7 women with a mean age of 62.3 years. The time interval detecting the brain metastasis, treatment methods, outcomes, and the prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: In 11 patients, brain metastasis was found at a mean of 96 months after thyroid surgery (range, 1-204months). In 1 patient, brain metastasis was found simultaneously with the thyroid cancer. In the remaining one, brain metastasis was presented as the first sign. Treatment included gamma knife therapy in 2, external radiation therapy (ExRT) in 2, resection and ExRT in 2, gamma knife therapy and ExRT in 2 and intracranial holmium injection in 1. Three patients received no treatment. The mean survival was 20.5months (1-119 months). Only 2 patients with early detection remained alive after treatment (23months and 119months). The age, sex, primary tumor size, combined organs of distant metastasis and treatment methods did not affect the prognosis. There were noticeable symptomatic improvements in patients who received any kind of treatment for brain metastasis. Conclusion: Early detection and treatment of brain metastasis appears to bring symptomatic relief and improve survival. Therefore, early screening for brain metastasis is recommended for patients with symptoms. However, further study is needed to determine the optimal method of treatment.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-86
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• 2021

Landfilling is the most commonly adopted method for a large quantity of waste disposal. But, the main concern related to landfills is the generation of leachate. The leachate is high strength wastewater that is usually characterized by the presence of high molecular recalcitrant organics. Several conventional methods are adopted for leachate treatment. However, these methods are only suitable for young leachate, having high biodegradability and low toxicity levels. The mature and stabilized leachate needs advanced technologies for its effective treatment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are very suitable for such complex wastewater treatment as reported in the literature. After going through the literature survey, it can be concluded that Fenton-based approaches are effective for the treatment of various high/low strength wastewaters treatment. The applications of the Fenton-based approaches are widely adopted and well recognized due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and reliability for the reduction of high chemical oxygen demand (COD) as reported in several studies. Besides, the process is relatively economical due to fewer chemical, non-sophisticated instruments, and low energy requirements. In this review, the conventional and advanced Fenton's approaches are explained with their detailed reaction mechanisms and applications for landfill leachate treatment. The effect of influencing factors like pH, the dosage of chemicals, nature of reaction matrix, and reagent ratio on the treatment efficiencies are also emphasized. Furthermore, the discussion regarding the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color, increase in biodegradability, removal of humic acids from leachate, combined processes, and the pre/post-treatment options are highlighted. The scope of future studies is summarized to attain sustainable solutions for restrictions associated with these methods for effective leachate treatment.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the recent Korean medicine treatment and study trends of tic disorder by reviewing clinical studies. Methods The clinical studies of Korean medicine treatment for tic disorder were obtained from National Discovery for Science Leader (NDSL), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal (KTKP) and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS). Results 15 articles were analyzed to find out the most commonly used herbal medicine, acupoints, other Korean medicine treatments and evaluation methods. Conclusions This study shows some common Korean medicine treatment methods for tic disorder which can be used for further research.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 1995

It is generally known that the protein of talk has allergenicity and the allerenicity Induces allergic diseases. Finding methods to reduce the allergenicity of the food and develop methods to make low allergic food is the purpose of this study. For this study, 1 tried various experimental methods : heat treatment, irradation with ultraviolet and microwaves treatment with polyphosphate, enzyme hydrolysis and PCA inhibition test using guinea pigs and degrees of hydrolysis. The results obtained are as follows. Heat treatment reduced allergenicity of milk protein. The higher the heat, the better the effect. Irradiating with ultraviolet and microwave increased both the degree of protein hydrolysis and PCA inhibition reduced the allergenicity. Ultraviolet was more effective than microwaves on milk protein. Enzyme treatment increased the degree of hydrolysis and PCA inhibition, and reduced allergenicity considerably. Neutrase was more effective than alcalase on milk protein. Adding Polyphosphate did not induced protein hydrolysis, but increased PCA inhibition and reduced allergenicity.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.76-78
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• 2020

Verruca plana is a cutaneous infection caused by the human papilloma virus. Although various treatment methods are currently available, most have limitations due to the risk of complications such as hyperpigmentation, edema, and scarring. Moreover, as the infection tends to spread easily, new verrucae can potentially develop, and treatment procedure times tend to be lengthy. Thus, novel treatment methods are required. The 2790-nm wavelength erbium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er:YSGG) laser is a superficial resurfacing laser. Here, we present a case of a 25-year-old woman with multiple verrucae treated using a 2790-nm Er:YSGG laser. Compared to traditional methods, this novel laser is convenient, produces better cosmetic outcomes, and is less time-consuming; it is therefore suitable for the treatment of facial verruca plana.