• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.20-25
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• 2000

The wastewater treatment for the purpose of water-recycling was performed using Fenton's & ozone's methods. These methods were used to increase the treatment efficiency of textile wastewater and to search for the optimal operating conditions. The optimal conditions by Fenton process were determined so that input amounts of $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and $H_2O_2$ were $7.2mM/{\;}{\ell}$ and $49.0m/{\;}{\ell}$ respectively, treatment by ozone process had 92% removal efficiency at ozone concentration of 9.73g/min and $130mM/{\;}{\ell}$ of $H_2O_2$.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.440-446
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• 2011

Objective: Our aim was to determine the correlation between dental treatment need as assessed by the components of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) and a self-evaluation questionnaire in a population selected from the dental clinics of Shiraz, Iran. Methods: The dental treatment needs of 240 participants (120 men and 120 women) were measured on the basis of the IOTN dental health component (IOTN-DHC), IOTN aesthetic component (IOTN-AC), IOTN AC determined by the examiner (IOTN-ACE), and a self-evaluation questionnaire (SEQ). The correlations between the treatment needs assessed by all the methods as well as the correlations of the treatment needs with age and gender were assessed using a Spearman's correlation coefficient (${\alpha}$ = 0.01). Results: All methods were significantly correlated ($p{\leq}0.001$). The associations of IOTN-ACE with IOTN-DHC and SEQ were moderately significant (rho = 0.49 and 0.41, respectively). The associations of IOTN-AC with IOTN-DHC and SEQ were weakly significant (rho = 0.24 and 0.35, respectively). The IOTN-DHC was moderately associated with SEQ (rho = 0.53). Gender and age were not associated with treatment needs estimated by any of the methods used ($p$ > 0.06). Conclusions: The correlations between the self-evaluation and the IOTN components in young adults were close to those reported in children, and IOTN-ACE was more reliable than IOTN-AC.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2013

Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a serious complication resulting from herpes zoster infections, and it can impair the quality of life. In order to relieve pain from PHN, various treatments, including pharmacological and interventional methods have been used. However, little information on the recommendations for the interventional treatment of PHN, along with a lack of nation-wide surveys on the current status of PHN treatment exists. This multicenter study is the first survey on the treatment status of PHN in Korea. Methods: Retrospective chart reviews were conducted on the entire patients who visited the pain clinics of 11 teaching hospitals from January to December of 2011. Co-morbid disease, affected site of PHN, routes to pain clinic visits, parenteral/topical medications for treatment, drugs used for nerve block, types and frequency of nerve blocks were investigated. Results: A total of 1,414 patients' medical records were reviewed. The most commonly affected site was the thoracic area. The anticonvulsants and interlaminar epidural blocks were the most frequently used pharmacological and interventional methods for PHN treatment. For the interval of epidural block, intervals of 5 or more-weeks were the most popular. The proportion of PHN patients who get information from the mass media or the internet was only 0.8%.The incidence of suspected zoster sine herpete was only 0.1%. Conclusions: The treatment methods for PHN vary among hospitals. The establishment of treatment recommendation for PHN treatment is necessary. In addition, public relations activities are required in order to inform the patients of PHN treatments by pain clinicians.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.247-253
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• 2021

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used for supportive treatment and management of advanced head and neck cancers. This study performed a retrospective review of the treatment methods that were used for intractable draining fistulas in seven patients who had received RT for head and neck cancers. Treatment methods used for two of the seven patients are presented in detail. Methods: From 2009 to 2020, seven patients underwent reconstructive surgery for intractable fistulas which occurred after RT for head and neck cancers. Patient characteristics, medical history, treatment method, and treatment outcome were reviewed for each case. The type of surgery performed, failure rate, and treatment period were also analyzed. Results: In this study, a total of seven patients received additional management for radiation-induced fistulas. Patients underwent a mean of 3.3±1.4 surgeries (maximum: six surgeries) to resolve their fistulas. The mean time interval from the first surgery to the last surgery for the patients to achieve resolution of the fistula was 8.7 months. Loco-regional flaps have performed an average of 1.9±1.5 times. However, all loco-regional flaps failed. Instead, the patients' intractable fistulas were resolved with the use of distant flaps or free tissue transfers. Conclusion: Fistulas that develop after head and neck cancer treatment following RT are difficult to treat with simple loco-regional flap procedures. Therefore, more aggressive treatment techniques, such as distant flap or free tissue transfer, may be needed to shorten patients' treatment periods and avoid unnecessary surgeries.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.159-167
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of auricular acupuncture therapy by using different techniques combined with common acupuncture treatment on lumbago patients. Methods: 30 patients with lumbago who were hospitalized in Semyung Univ. Oriental Medical Hospital were devided into three groups. Group A of 10 patients were treated by common acupuncture treatment and auricular acupuncture therapy by methods of burying needles. Group B of 10 patients were treatedd by common acupuncture treatment and auricular acupuncture therapy by methods of pricking needles. Group C of 10 patients were treated only by common acupuncture treatment. The pain scale and improvement index of these three groups were evaluated after 10 days of admission. Results: 1. On the score of pain scale, group A and B were both superior to group C, but had no specific difference(p=0.15). 2. On the score of improvement index, group B was superior to group A, and group A was superior to group C(p=0.04). Conclusions: The combination of auricular acupuncture therapy and common acupuncture treatment was more effective than only to use common acupuncture treatment to lumbago patients. Especially, using the auricular acupuncture therapy by pricking methods, was the most effective methods in increasing improvement index.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.447-464
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• 1996

Hyperemesis gravidarum is one of the most common symptom in the early pregnancy and if it cause severe malnutrition by means of heavy vomiting as a basic sign of disease of pregnant syndrome, appropriate treatments are necessary. In the clinics the methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum include herb-medication usually. But herb-medication therapy is rather difficult because during pregnancy it may cause vomiting by the smell and taste of herbs. So the author investigated the literatures referred to the external treatments of hyperemesis gravidarum excluding herb-medication and the results obtained here were as follows. 1. The external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum are various and include moxibustion, the method of applying drug at the umbilicus, ear-acupuncture method, pressure massage therapy, naso-spray method, acupoint injection, intervenous injection 2. Among the external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum , the method of applying drug at the umbilicus is most variable and almost all prescriptions use Zingiber officinalis Rose, characteristically. 3. Ear-pressure massage method to treat the hyperemesis gravidarum uses the car-acupoints of Gan, We, Shin-mun, Gyo-gam. 4. Among the external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum , moxibustion, pressure massage, and acupoint injection select frequently Nae-gwan(PC6), Chok-samni(ST36) and Chung-wan(CV12). 5. In the both the internal and external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum one have to differentiate syndromes in the viewpoint of oriental medicine and treat with the principls of treatment and prescriptions which are fit to each differentiation model under the principle of regulating the stomach and relieving vomiting.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.181-200
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• 2012

At present water crisis is not an issue of scarcity, but of access. There is a growing recognition of the need for increased access to clean water (drinkable, agricultural, industrial use). An encouraging number of innovative technologies, systems, components, processes are emerging for water-treatment, including new filtration and disinfectant technologies, and removal of organics from water. In the past decade many methods have been developed. The most important membrane-based water technologies include reverse osmosis (RO), ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF), and nanofiltration. Beside membrane based water-treatment processes, other techniques such as advanced oxidation process (AOP) have also been developed. Some unconventional water treatment technology such as magnetic treatment is also being developed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.139-152
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this review is to investigate the latest traditional Chinese medicine clinical studies on pediatric tic disorder with Tuina treatment and propose the directions of future studies and clinical applications. Methods: To obtain data from CNKI, set the field by '中醫學', '中藥', '中西醫結合' and used keywords '抽动障碍', '抽動穢語綜合', '小兒抽动', '兒童抽动' and '推拿', '導引', '按摩', 'Tuina', 'massage' in cross combination way. Results: 12 clinical studies were selected. These studies were analyzed by author & year, subjects, diagnostic criterion, evaluation criterion, syndrome differentiation, treatment period, methods& results, frequent acupoints and assessment of the quality of studies. All of reports achieved effective therapeutic results on the pediatric tic disorder with Tuina treatment. Conclusion: Tuina treatment has a positive effect and are easily accepted by children who have fear and rejection to traditional Korean Medicine such as acupuncture and Herbal remedy. It is also safe and simple to operate. So the Tuina treatment is worthy to disseminate potential for further development in the treatment of pediatric tic disorders.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of manual stretching treatment with those of motor development and positioning physical therapy (MDPPT) for congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). This study was designed to be randomized controlled trials and to evaluate the outcomes of 43 consecutive patients with CMT who were first seen when they were average 26 days old. Before treatments, the patients were unintentionallv classified into two clinical groups along with the treatment methods. Among the 43 patients, 22 were classified to the manual stretching group and 21 to the MDPPT group. By means of independent t-test on the result. the duration of treatment according to methods was not significantly different in two groups (p>.05). The duration of treatment in accordance with head tilt level was not significantly different in two groups (p>.05). There was change of mass diameter, between at the beginning day of treatment and after treatment in manual stretching group with a strong positive linear correlation (p=.000, r=.734), but slightly positive linear correlation in MDPPT group. The result of this study indicates that two therapeutic methods make little difference in effectiveness.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.556-566
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• 2014

Objectives : The goal of this paper is to enhance the percentage of linkages between an acupuncture point ontology and an acupuncture treatment ontology. Methods : Terms of the effect from acupuncture points and terms of the treatment method from diseases are selected in the ontologies. We have disassembled the terms into minimum meaning units and then linked them again. Results : By linking terms of the effect and terms of the treatment method, the meaninful information on the acupuncture point and treatment ontology is increased. Conclusions : The links between points for acupuncture points and treatment methods for diseases could improve the information in the ontologies. This also enables the knowledge representation for the use of acupuncture points with accompanied symptoms, causes of disease, and treatment methods.