• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2006

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of the Locking compression plate (LCP) after open reduction for the treatment of the displaced clavicular shaft fracture, the clinical and radiologic outcome of the patients who were managed with the LCP for internal fixation after open reduction has been analyzed. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 26 cases with a displaced clavicular shaft fracture treated by internal fixation using Locking compression plate after open reduction between May 2003 and November 2004. The patients were followed up for at least six months period, and final postoperative outcome was evaluated using clinical results based on Kang's criteria, radiologic signs of fusion. Results: All fractures united by an average of 9.3 weeks without delayed union and showed fast recovery of motion fraction and shoulder function. In addition,24 cases without the fractures of proximal humerus recovered to normal range of shoulder notion within 2.9 weeks. Clinically, according to Kang's criteria, the outcome was good or better in 22 patients. The complications included shoulder joint dysfunction in two cases and keloid formation in one case, and no other complications were observed. Conclusion: The internal fixation using LCP for the treatment of displaced clavicular shaft fracture is a safe, reliable method of treatment, with few complications, and offers rapid recovery of shoulder joint function and bone union.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2006

People who were exposed to chronic interpersonal traumas in their early life consistently demonstrate complex psychological disturbances and many of them meet the criteria for proposed diagnosis of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (complx PTSD). The author reports a case of the successful sequential integrative treatment mainly composed of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in a complex PTSD patient. The patient did not respond to the previous treatment with psychotropic medications and supportive psychotherapy. Twelve sessions of EMDR and three sessions of supportive psychotherapy were done for the patient. Psychological assessments were performed before starting the treatment and a week after completing the treatment. After the treatment, the patient improved on all the psychological scales and behavioral measures. This case suggests that the sequential integrative treatment mainly composed of EMDR may be effective for complex PTSD patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.208-221
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this article was to investigate the current status of clinical studies of acupuncture treatment for depression using neuroimaging method, focusing on SCI papers. Methods: We searched for clinical trial studies of acupuncture treatment for depression using neuroimaging method in the MEDLINE (Pubmed), OASIS, and RISS database. Once the online search was finished, studies were selected manually by the inclusion criteria. Finally, we analyzed the characteristics of selected articles and reviewed the neural substrates of acupuncture treatment in depression. Results: Total eight studies were included in this study. The most frequently utilized modality was functional MRI. The most frequently selected acupoint for depression was GV20. Several studies revealed that acupuncture treatment could improve the symptoms of depression. In this manuscript, we demonstrated that neuroimaging techniques could capture the neural substrates associated with depression and acupuncture treatment may modulate the activation of brain areas which were impaired in depression in a different way from sham acupuncture. Conclusions: Utilizing neuroimaging methods to explore neural mechanism of acupuncture treatment on depression would be helpful in clinical trials and more efforts should be needed in this fields.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-36
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• 1999

The purpose of the study was to identify disease characteristics and behavior pattern of treatment for patients with Fibromyalgia. This study was carried out between May to Aug. in 1998 through direct interview in Rheumatism clinic at H. University Hospital and subject in this study were 125 outpatients diagnosed with Fibromyalgia. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test, ANOVA using SPSS Window program. The results of this study are as follows. 1. General Characteristics : All of the persons with Fibromyalgia were female who were mostly in their forties(37.5%). A third of them(38.4%) were graduated from high school. The greatest part of them(54.4%) were christians but little part of them(16.8%) were employed 2. Disease Characteristics : They have struggled with Fibromyalgia for 10 years on an average. About half of them(56.9%) suffered from Fibromyalgia only but the others had another diseases which were in greatest part occupied by Osteoarthritis. The number of tender point which is a feature of Fibromyalgia differed according to measuring criteria. Yunus criteria. however, was proved to be the most proper measuring criteria than any other method as it showed high correlations between symptoms and physical activities. The most serious symptoms that complained the patients among subjective symptoms are pain, sleep disorder, and fatigue in sequence, and activities most hard to do among physical activities are washing by hand, scrubbing by hand, and shopping in sequence. 3. Behavior Pattern of Treatment : The largest part of them(42.4%) had received medical treatment after they were determined to have the disease and most of them were taking medicine as prescribed by physician(88.8%) or other medicines(16.8%), Of them, two thirds stated that the medicine they took were effective. Around a third of them took exercises mostly composed of swimming. The medical institution they visited in the past were orthopedic surgical department, Oriental hospital, physical therapy department in sequence and, in a slight percent(11.4%), psychiatric department. 4. Relations between Disease Characteristics and Behavior pattern of Treatment : It shows that number of tender point and level of symptom are significantly different according to duration of disease and medical intervention. As a results, it can be suggest that persons with Fibromyalgia need to take exercises and medicine continually regardless of medical treatment as it is a chronic disease whose symptoms are hardly mitigated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2000

Water treatment processes produce sludges resulting from water clarification. Sludge production amount increases each year and its treatment and disposal is growing to social problems according to water demand increase. Water treatment plant sludges can be modified to soil cover in sanitary landfill site through the lime treatment. Compression strength of $1.0kg/cm^2$ or more is recommended for soil cover material in municipal landfilling site. Compression and shear strength properties of modified sludges showed material property improvement applicable for soil cover alternatives. Solidification effect of the modified sludge was observed through the scanning electron microscope. Extraction tests for hazardous components in sludges revealed that extraction levels of cadmium, copper, and lead were below the regulated criteria. When adding 10% calcium hydroxide to water treatment plant sludges, the modified sludges can reach material properties for cover soil after 28 days solidification reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

Heat treatment for car body molds is mainly a manual process performed by a worker. The performance of this process is affected by workers' skill level, and has limitation in maintaining uniform product quality. In this study, we developed a diode laser heat treatment robot system that implements an OLP type simulator to overcome the limitation of manual process, and to improve and stabilize the quality level. In addition, we verified the efficiency of the robot system and mechanism stability from the early stage through design verification and simulated analysis in the development stage. In addition, we carried out a field test to study the way to establish optimized D/B for diode laser heat treatment criteria for car body molds, such as heat treatment speed, interval, etc. via site experiment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.609-615
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• 2014

Objectives : In most developed countries there has been a substantial decrease in the prevalence of dental caries in children of 12 years old over the past 40 years. This change in epidemiology highlights the importance of preventive management in dentistry. For successful management of early caries lesions, it is essential to detect and assess the pathological changes of dental caries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the overview of International Caries Detection and Assessment System(ICDAS) criteria for the detection and assessment of early caries lesions by literature reviews. Methods : The author reviewed the MEDLINE search by the key words of 'caries assessment', 'caries detection', 'caries measurement', and 'ICDAS'. Results : This literature review provided an overview of International Caries Detection and Assessment System(ICDAS) criteria for the detection and assessment of early caries lesions. This article showed the principles, concept, and primary caries detection criteria of the ICDAS. The ICDAS can macroscopically measure the enamel surface changes and potential histological depth of caries lesions by the surface characteristics of the teeth. The ICDAS criteria allow researchers and clinicians to choose the stage of dental caries and characteristics for assessment. Conclusions : ICDAS can be an adjunct method to clinical decision making and preventive treatment planning.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.82-96
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze research trends on the effects of laser therapy on atopic dermatitis. Methods : We searched papers using pubmed, First search used the keyword "Laser Therapy, Low-level and Atopic dermatitis". Inclusion criteria were last 10 years, RCT, Clinical trial, Human. Second search used the keyword "LLLT and Atopic dermatitis". Inclusion criteria were Human. Third search used the keyword "Laser and Atopic dermatitis". Inclusion criteria was the same as first search. Finally we searched papers using the keyword "Laser and Atopic dermatitis" in NDSL and RISS. Papers not matched with inclusion criteria were excluded. Results : A total 20 studies were found, 14 studies were excluded and 6 studies were selected and analyzed. They turned out to be effective and no serious side-effect, but there was mild side-effect in 2 papers out of 4 papers using high-level laser. Conclusions : Low-level laser and high-level laser therapy, both can be effectively used as an alternative to the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Thus further attention and studies are needed on this topic in order to reduce the side effects and demonstrate the effectiveness clearly.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.268-278
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• 2010

This study derived the effectiveness analysis results of construction of wastewater treatment plant under climate change scenarios. Canadian Global Coupled Model (CGCM3) was used and A1B and A2 of Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES) were selected. Regional climate change data for this application were downscaled by using Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) and the flow and BOD concentration durations were obtained by using Hydrological Simulation Program - Fortran (HSPF). The criteria for low flow and water quality were chosen as $Q_{99}$, $Q_{95}$, $Q_{90}$ and $C_{30}$, $C_{10}$, $C_1$. The numbers of days to satisfy the instreamflow requirements and target BOD concentration were also added to the criteria for comparison. As a results, small wastewater treatment plant improved the water cycle due to the increase of low flow and the decrease of BOD concentration. But climate change affected the reduction of effectiveness significantly. Especially in case of construction of small waste water treatment plant in the upstream region, it is necessary to take climate change impact into consideration since it is usually related to the low flow and the water quality of the stream.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.5.1-5.5
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• 2016

Background: This study clinically evaluated the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the temporomandibular disorder (TMD) treatment using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Methods: A total of 21 TMD patients were recruited to be treated with BTX-A injections on the bilateral masseter and temporalis muscles and were followed up by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon highly experienced in the TMD treatment. For each patient, diagnostic data gathering were conducted according to the RDC/TMD. Characteristic pain intensity, disability points, chronic pain grade, depression index, and grade of nonspecific physical symptoms were evaluated. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that more than half of the participants (85.7 %) had parafunctional oral habits such as bruxism or clenching. In comparison between pre- and post-treatment results, graded pain score, characteristic pain intensity, disability points, chronic pain grade, and grade of nonspecific physical symptoms showed statistically significant differences after the BTX-A injection therapy (p < 0.05). Most patients experienced collective decrease in clinical manifestations of TMD including pain relief and improved masticatory functions after the treatment. Conclusions: Within the limitation of our study, BTX-A injections in masticatory musculatures of TMD patients could be considered as a useful option for controlling complex TMD and helping its associated symptoms.