• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.659-667
• /
• 2006

This research aims at applicability of adsorption process in order to satisfy the restricted Effluent Quality Standards for dyeing wastewater. The dyeing wastewater treated by biological process with carrier imbedded microorganisms was directly applied to the activated carbon adsorption in Process A, The dyeing wastewater treated by Fenton oxidation for the effluent of biological process was applied to the adsorption in Process B. It was found that the optimum conditions of adsorption with granular activated carbon are $20^{\circ}C$ and 120 minutes for the batch experiment. Langmuir equation was fitted better than Freundlich equation to the experimental data. The breakthrough time of adsorption column was determined by color rather than $COD_{Mn}$ for both Process A and Process B. The results revealed that the breakthrough time of adsorption for two processes was extended by the treatment of Fenton oxidation for dyeing wastewater treated by biological treatment than the direct application of dyeing wastewater treated by the biological treatment. Adsorption process can be applied in order to meet the restricted Effluent Quality Standards for dyeing wastewater.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2019

Total organic carbon(TOC) was introduced as the water quality index of the rivers and lakes in 2013. This paper evaluated factors affecting effluent TOC concentrations and treated and discharged loads of existing publicly owned treatment works(POTWs). For selected POTWs with greater treatment capacity than $500m^3/day$, factorial analysis was used to consider effects of kinds of biological treatment processes, inflow of other types of wastewater(industrial, livestock, landfill leachate wastewater, etc.) with domestic wastewater, sewer separation rate, and effluent discharging zones in which different effluent criteria applied. As a result, those factors did not show significant effect on effluent TOC concentration of POTWs in effluent discharging zone I and II. However, In effluent discharging zone III and IV, kinds of biological treatment processes, the inclusion of other waste in influent of domestic wastewater, and the sewer separation rate were significant factors. The treated TOC load in POTWs was also not affected significantly by the variables set in this study. On the other hand, those three factors influenced significantly on the TOC load discharged to water bodies. The sum of factorial effects and the contribution rate of three factors to the discharged TOC load was 60.23 and 41%, 59.57 and 41%, and 42.04 and 18%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.131-139
• /
• 2012

Field experiment was performed from June 2010 to July 2011 to evaluate pollutants removal efficiency in the constructed wetland system for the treated wastewater and the river water. The wetland systems were constructed near Gyungan river. Two different systems with meandering shape were compared for seasonal base and operational period base. Several kinds of aquaculture are planted through the corridor of wetland system. Average removal rate of BOD, T-N and T-P for A system were 15.8%, 14.8% and 26.5%, respectively. Average removal rate of BOD, T-N and T-P for C system were 23.5%, 27.8% and 10.6%, respectively. The effluent from two wetland systems often exceeded effluent water quality standards for wastewater influent, however effluent water quality standards for river water. However, the wetland system can be useful to treat polluted river water and effluent from wastewater plant. Removal rate of pollutants in seasonal variation was the highest in summer for BOD and T-N, however the removal rates of T-P were higher in spring and autumn than in summer.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.755-762
• /
• 1995

A phenolic resin industrial wastewater containing about 41,000 mg/l of phenol and 2,800 mg/l of formaldehyde was biologically treated by a mixed culture GE2 immobilized on ceramic beads. This study was carried out with three experimental groups : Control-only added the sludge of papermill wastewater ; GE2 treatment-added GE2 to Control ; Ceramic treatment-applied ceramic carrier to GE2 treatment. When the original wastewater was diluted 80 times with aerated tap-water, influent COD$_{Mn}$ WaS 1,140 mg/l and that of the effluent was in the range of 22-35 mg/l, which was not much different among the experimental groups. However, at 20-times dilution, influent COD$_{Mn}$ was 4,800 mg/l and the effluent COD$_{Mn}$ of Control, GE2 treatment and Ceramic treatment was 179, 128 and 94 mg/l, respectively. COD$_{Mn}$, removal efficiency by Ceramic treatment was the highest, at 98.0%. At this time, the effluent phenol concentration of Control, GE2 treatment and Ceramic treatment was 10.71, 7.93 and 5.60, respectively. As the dilution times decreased, the removal efficiency of COD$_{Mn}$ and phenol did not change much, but COD$_{Mn}$ and phenol concentration of the effluent increased. Consequently, it is likely that the phenolic industrial wastewater containing phenol and formaldehyde can be biologically treated using a GE2 and ceramic carrier and that at 40-times dilution, the effluent completely meets the effluent standards for industrial wastewater treatment plant.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.435-440
• /
• 2002

A pilot scale SBR (effective volume, $20m^3$) for the treatment of piggery wastewater treatment was performed with three different kinds of wastewater; fermenter effluent, scraper type and slurry type. The react phase in SBR was performed by sub-cycle operation consisting of repeated short cycle of anoxic-aerobic step. The fermenter effluent was characterized by the rapid nitrification and $NO_X-N$ accumulation due to depletion of organic matter in wastewater. The scraper type wastewater showed appropriate nitrogen removal efficiency, however, a poor response capacity for high loading rate often resulted in increased nitrogen concentration in effluent. Moreover, severe P release was the most serious problem in scraper type wastewater. SBR treated slurry type wastewater with high nitrogen removal efficiency to satisfy effluent quality requirement. It was thought that high concentration of organic matter in slurry made it possible to uptake P during SBR operation, where P concentration of 140mgP/l was decreased to 8mgP/l. As results, SBR was suitable to treat slurry type wastewater which has been discharged to the ocean till now.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.913-918
• /
• 2006

Both raw wastewater and effluent from a rubber products manufacturing factory were found to be toxic to Daphnia magna though the effluent satisfied current water quality standards. Thus, in order to reduce toxicity, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as gamma-ray (${\gamma}-ray$) treatment and ozonation ($O_3$) were applied. A combined ${\gamma}-rays/O_3$ treatment at 20 kGy after coagulation significantly reduced toxicity of raw wastewater, changing 48-h toxic unit (TU) value from 201.21 to 23.92. However, toxicity of treated water was higher than that of effluent (TU = 12.15). This shows limitation of gamma-ray treatment to remove toxicity of raw wastewater. In case of effluent, the combined ${\gamma}-rays/O_3$ treatment at 20 kGy efficiently decomposed toxic compounds down to non toxic level. This work strongly supports the necessity of toxicity reduction evaluation as well as toxicity-based effluent management.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2012.03a
• /
• pp.494-497
• /
• 2012

A methodology to predict the output performance of small hydro power using treated effluent in wastewater treatment plant has been studied. Existing plant located Kyunggi-Do were selected and the output performance characteristics for these plants were analyzed. As a result, it was found that the developed model in this study can be used to analyze the output characteristics for small hydro power in wastewater treatment plant. Additionally, primary design specifications such as design flowrate, capacity, operational rate and annual electricity production were estimated and discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 2004

Effluent of wastewater treatment plant is to be disinfected to protect drinking water sources. DOF (Dissolved Ozone Flotation) was developed to meet this purpose. DOF was developed by combining DAF system with ozone. DAF system has good floating power with numerous microbubbles, and ozone has strong oxidation capability. And DOF system has good floating power and strong oxidation capability simultaneously. When DOF was applied to secondary wastewater effluent, color of 11CU in raw water which was secondary effluent was reduced to 1CU by the DOF system. Removal rate of other water quality parameters treated by DOF were also higher than that by DAF, which were proved the strength of oxidation capability of ozone. When ozone concentration of 3.3mg/l were applied in DOF system, general aerobic bacteria were reduced to 5CFU/ml from TNTC (Too many Numbers To Count). With the same ozone concentration, total coliform were not detected at all. These figures are under the numbers of drinking water regulation. These microbes were the target parameters of DOF. It was proved that DOF was very effective in disinfection of wastewater treatment plant effluent as well as in removal of color, turbidity, and T-P.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.77-87
• /
• 2006

The reuse of wastewater for agricultural irrigation may cause human health risk as a result of exposure to pathogens. This study conducted the quantitative microbial risk assessment in paddy field irrigated with treated wastewater. Six treatments were used to irrigate the paddy field from Year 2003 to Year 2005: biofilter-effluent, UV-disinfected water (6, 16, 40, 68 $mW s cm^{-2}$), pond-treated water, wetland-treated water, conventional irrigation water and tap water. Total coliforms, fecal coliforms and E. coli were monitored during rice growing period. Beta - Poisson model was employed to calculate the microbial risk of pathogens ingestion that may occur to farmers and neighbor children. Uncertainty of risk was estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. In this study, the microbial risk was higher during initial cultivation (end of May$\sim$June), and it decreased with time. Biofilter effluent (secondary effluent) irrigation showed higher risk values than others (>$10^{-4}$) and irrigation with UV-disinfected water has the lowest risk range ($10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-5}$). The risk value estimated in 2005 was lower than risk value in 2003 and 2004, it is likely due to clean tap water irrigation in initial transplanting stage. It is suggested that irrigation with UV-disinfected water and pond-treated water would reduce the microbial risk associated with wastewater irrigation in paddy field. In addition, the first irrigation water quality significantly affected the subsequent microbial risk.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.25 no.11
• /
• pp.1467-1474
• /
• 2016

In response to the water shortage problem, continued attempts are being made to secure consistent and reliable water sources. Among various solutions to this problem, wastewater effluent is an easy way to secure the necessary supply, since its annual output is consistent. Furthermore, wastewater effluent has the advantage of being able to serve various purposes, such as cleaning, sprinkling, landscaping, river management, irrigation, and industrial applications. Therefore, this study presents the possible use of reclaimed industrial wastewater treated with Birm filters and a UF membrane, along with an analysis on membrane fouling. The preprocessing stage, part of the reclamation process, used Birm filters to minimize membrane fouling. Since this study did not consider heavy metal levels in the treated water, the analyses did not include the criterion for irrigation water quality. However, the wastewater reclaimed by using Birm filters and a UF membrane met every other requirement for reclaimed water quality standards. This indicated that the treated water could be used for cleaning, channel flow for maintenance, recreational purposes, and industrial applications. The analysis on the fouling of the Birm filter and UF membrane required the study of the composition and recovery rate of the membrane. According to SEM and EDX analyses of the UF membrane, carbon and oxygen ion composition amounted to approximately 57%, whereas inorganic matter was not detected. Furthermore, the difference in the recovery rates of the distressed membrane between acidic and alkaline cleaning was more than ~78%, which indicated that organic rather than inorganic matter contributed to membrane fouling.