• Title/Summary/Keyword: travel cost

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Estimation of optimal price of freeway traffic information using a price-sensitivity analysis (가격민감도 기법을 이용한 고속도로 교통정보의 적정가치 산정 연구)

  • Lee Eui-Eun;Kim Jun-Jung
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.2 no.1 s.2
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    • pp.85-92
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    • 2003

  • Due to the expansion of freeway networks in Korea, drivers have more routes to choose. Traffic information on various alternative roadway sections and routes may help drivers choose the optimal route that minimizes travel time or cost. Traffic information on roadways is, therefore, invaluable in sense that individual drivers could reduce their travel time or cost by selecting optimal routes, and furthermore total travel cost of the system could be lowered. However, consensus about the price of traffic information that drivers are willing to pay is not made yet. Current price of traffic information is decided according to the price of similar information such as stock, weather and so on. To investigate the value of traffic information, a survey was conducted at freeway rest areas near Seoul Megalopolis area including Kyunggi Province. Eight hundred drivers who had travelled on freeway within a year were randomly selected. Purposive Quota Sampling was used. A price-response function, a relationship between price and sales, was obtained based on the survey, followed by sensitivity analysis

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A Study on the Estimating of the Dump Truck's Travel Speed Based on Analysis of Factors Affecting Earthmoving Operation (운반작업의 영향요소분석을 통한 덤프트럭의 운반속도 산정방법에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Hyeon-Yong;Tae, Yong-Ho;Woo, Sung-Kwon
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.97-105
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    • 2007

  • In many construction projects, such as dams, highways, airports, buildings, industrial plants, and sewerage and drainage systems earthmoving operation is defined the movements of a certain quantity of earth to alter the surface configuration or conditions so that projects requirement can be met. Accurate calculation of travel time is essential for determining productivity of earthmoving operations, and for ultimately selecting the most cost-effective fleet configuration for executing the work. Also transportation work that utilizes dump truck consists average So in the whole expenses earthmoving operation, and is an important cost factor for cost management. Therefore this study proposes a methodology for optimum transfer speen based on the analysis of factors affecting earthmoving operation in different road types by collecting the sources of dump truck running speeds and considering the main factors affecting the earthmoving operation.

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Optimization of Train Working Plan based on Multiobjective Bi-level Programming Model

  • Hai, Xiaowei;Zhao, Chanchan
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.487-498
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    • 2018

  • The purpose of the high-speed railway construction is to better satisfy passenger travel demands. Accordingly, the design of the train working plan must also take a full account of the interests of passengers. Aiming at problems, such as the complex transport organization and different speed trains coexisting, combined with the existing research on the train working plan optimization model, the multiobjective bi-level programming model of the high-speed railway passenger train working plan was established. This model considers the interests of passengers as the center and also takes into account the interests of railway transport enterprises. Specifically, passenger travel cost and travel time minimizations are both considered as the objectives of upper-level programming, whereas railway enterprise profit maximization is regarded as the objective of the lower-level programming. The model solution algorithm based on genetic algorithm was proposed. Through an example analysis, the feasibility and rationality of the model and algorithm were proved.

  • https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.04.0066 인용 PDF KSCI

Autonomous guidance Using Ultrasonic Sensors for a Small Orchard Sprayer

  • Shin, Beom-Soo;Kim, Sang-Hun;Koo, Young-Mo
    • Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.50-58
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    • 2001

  • Chemical application is very hazardous in confined spaces under the canopy ceiling in Korean vineyard. For a small orchard sprayer adaptable to such a working condition, a low-cost autonomous steering control system was developed using two ultrasonic sensors, two electrically-operated cylinders and 80196kc microprocessor. A distance ranging system timed the round-trip for each ultrasonic wave to travel against parallel targets, placed every 1.5m spacing along both sides of a desired path. A steering control algorithm of the autonomous operation began with ranging left and right targets and the heading was decided using difference between the distances. Electrically-operated cylinders actuated steering clutches to guide the sprayer. Evaluation tests showed that the orchard sprayer could travel within RMS value of 5cm along the desired path. Ground speed did not affect the performance of the autonomous guidance system at the speed ranges of 0.29~0.52m/sec.

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Assessing the Factors that Drive Consumers' Intention to Continue Using Online Travel Agencies: A Heuristic-systematic Model Perspective

  • Hyunae Lee;Namho Chung
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.468-488
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    • 2019

  • As the growth of online travel agencies (hereafter OTAs) accelerates, competition among hotels to gain exposure on the first page of OTA websites, and the financial burden, such as commissions hotels have to pay in return, are increasing. Therefore, to facilitate successful management in the tourism industry, it is important to establish what makes people continue the practice of using OTAs to book rooms in hotels and other accommodation outlets. By adopting the heuristic-systematic model (HSM), this study explores the factors that drive consumers' continued use of OTA and classifies them into heuristic cues (brand awareness, cost saving, and scarcity message) and systematic cues (recommendation quality and the ability to provide reputation). Furthermore, we divided the sample based on the location of hotels within and outside Korea, and investigated the different roles of the cues between two models. The results are expected to provide theoretical and practical implications for both OTAs and hotels.

  • https://doi.org/10.14329/apjis.2019.29.3.468 인용 PDF

Development of A Turn Label Based Optimal Path Search Algorithm (Turn Label 기반 최적경로탐색 알고리즘 개발)

  • Meeyoung Lee
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2024

  • The most optimal route-search algorithm thus far has introduced a method of applying node labels and link labels. Node labels consider two nodes simultaneously in the optimal route-search process, while link labels consider two links simultaneously. This study proposes a turn-label-based optimal route-search technique that considers two turns simultaneously in the process. Turn-label-based optimal route search guarantees the optimal solution of dynamic programming based on Bellman's principle as it considers a two-turn search process. Turn-label-based optimal route search can accommodate the advantages of applying link labels because the concept of approaching the limit of link labels is applied equally. Therefore, it is possible to reflect rational cyclic traffic where nodes allow multiple visits without expanding the network, while links do not allow visits. In particular, it reflects the additional cost structure that appears in two consecutive turns, making it possible to express the structure of the travel-cost function more flexibly. A case study was conducted on the metropolitan urban railway network consisting of transportation card terminal readers, aiming to examine the scalability of the research by introducing parameters that reflect psychological resistance in travel with continuous pedestrian transfers into turn label optimal path search. Simulation results showed that it is possible to avoid conservative transfers even if the travel time and distance increase as the psychological resistance value for continuous turns increases, confirming the need to reflect the cost structure of turn labels. Nevertheless, further research is needed to secure diversity in the travel-cost functions of road and public-transportation networks.

  • https://doi.org/10.12815/kits.2024.23.2.1 인용 PDF

A Traffic Equilibrium Model with Area-Based Non Additive Road Pricing Schemes (지역기반의 비가산성 도로통행료 부과에 따른 교통망 균형모형)

  • Jung, Jumlae
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.5D
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    • pp.649-654
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    • 2008

  • In the definition of non additive path, the sum of travel costs of links making up the path is not equal to the path cost. There are a variety of cases that non-additivity assumption does not hold in transportation fields. Nonetheless, traffic equilibrium models are generally built up on the fundamental hypothesis of additivity assumption. In this case traffic equilibrium models are only applicable within restrictive conditions of the path cost being linear functions of link cost. Area-wide road pricing is known as an example of realistic transportation situations, which violates such additivity assumption. Because travel fare is charged at the moment of driver's passing by exit gate while identified at entry gate, it may not be added linearly proportional to link costs. This research proposes a novel Wordrop type of traffic equilibrium model in terms of area-wide road pricing schemes. It introduces binary indicator variable for the sake of transforming non-additive path cost to additive. Since conventional shortest path and Frank-Wolfe algorithm can be applied without route enumeration and network representation is not required, it can be recognized more generalized model compared to the pre-proposed approaches. Theoretical proofs and case studies are demonstrated.

  • https://doi.org/10.12652/Ksce.2008.28.5D.649 인용 PDF

Calculation of the Disbenefit on Roads by Climate Changes (기후변화에 따른 교통불편익산정에 관한 연구)

  • Sohn, Jhi-Eon;Lee, Seung-Jae;Kim, Joo-Young;Kim, Chang-Kyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 2010

  • The relationship between climate changes and transportation could be separated by two approaches. One of methods was to find how climate changes affected transportation, and the other way was how transportation affected climate changes. In this study, we reported from the former standpoint, how climate changes affected transportation fields. When there is a lot of snowfall in Seoul, it starts ripple effect through the travel patterns. They can be explained by travel time and operating cost. The travel costs were calculated in this paper for analysing the effect of disbenefit by climate changes. Snow Melting System was also studied for relieving negative influences under the unpredictable weather condition. As a result, the system was effective for minimizing disbenefit by climate changes.

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The Impact of Market Environments on Optimal Channel Strategy Involving an Internet Channel: A Game Theoretic Approach (시장 환경이 인터넷 경로를 포함한 다중 경로 관리에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 게임 이론적 접근방법)

  • Yoo, Weon-Sang
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.119-138
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    • 2011

  • Internet commerce has been growing at a rapid pace for the last decade. Many firms try to reach wider consumer markets by adding the Internet channel to the existing traditional channels. Despite the various benefits of the Internet channel, a significant number of firms failed in managing the new type of channel. Previous studies could not cleary explain these conflicting results associated with the Internet channel. One of the major reasons is most of the previous studies conducted analyses under a specific market condition and claimed that as the impact of Internet channel introduction. Therefore, their results are strongly influenced by the specific market settings. However, firms face various market conditions in the real worlddensity and disutility of using the Internet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of various market environments on a firm's optimal channel strategy by employing a flexible game theory model. We capture various market conditions with consumer density and disutility of using the Internet.

    shows the channel structures analyzed in this study. Before the Internet channel is introduced, a monopoly manufacturer sells its products through an independent physical store. From this structure, the manufacturer could introduce its own Internet channel (MI). The independent physical store could also introduce its own Internet channel and coordinate it with the existing physical store (RI). An independent Internet retailer such as Amazon could enter this market (II). In this case, two types of independent retailers compete with each other. In this model, consumers are uniformly distributed on the two dimensional space. Consumer heterogeneity is captured by a consumer's geographical location (ci) and his disutility of using the Internet channel (${\delta}_{N_i}$).
    shows various market conditions captured by the two consumer heterogeneities.
    (a) illustrates a market with symmetric consumer distributions. The model captures explicitly the asymmetric distributions of consumer disutility in a market as well. In a market like that is represented in
    (c), the average consumer disutility of using an Internet store is relatively smaller than that of using a physical store. For example, this case represents the market in which 1) the product is suitable for Internet transactions (e.g., books) or 2) the level of E-Commerce readiness is high such as in Denmark or Finland. On the other hand, the average consumer disutility when using an Internet store is relatively greater than that of using a physical store in a market like (b). Countries like Ukraine and Bulgaria, or the market for "experience goods" such as shoes, could be examples of this market condition. summarizes the various scenarios of consumer distributions analyzed in this study. The range for disutility of using the Internet (${\delta}_{N_i}$) is held constant, while the range of consumer distribution (${\chi}_i$) varies from -25 to 25, from -50 to 50, from -100 to 100, from -150 to 150, and from -200 to 200.
    summarizes the analysis results. As the average travel cost in a market decreases while the average disutility of Internet use remains the same, average retail price, total quantity sold, physical store profit, monopoly manufacturer profit, and thus, total channel profit increase. On the other hand, the quantity sold through the Internet and the profit of the Internet store decrease with a decreasing average travel cost relative to the average disutility of Internet use. We find that a channel that has an advantage over the other kind of channel serves a larger portion of the market. In a market with a high average travel cost, in which the Internet store has a relative advantage over the physical store, for example, the Internet store becomes a mass-retailer serving a larger portion of the market. This result implies that the Internet becomes a more significant distribution channel in those markets characterized by greater geographical dispersion of buyers, or as consumers become more proficient in Internet usage. The results indicate that the degree of price discrimination also varies depending on the distribution of consumer disutility in a market. The manufacturer in a market in which the average travel cost is higher than the average disutility of using the Internet has a stronger incentive for price discrimination than the manufacturer in a market where the average travel cost is relatively lower. We also find that the manufacturer has a stronger incentive to maintain a high price level when the average travel cost in a market is relatively low. Additionally, the retail competition effect due to Internet channel introduction strengthens as average travel cost in a market decreases. This result indicates that a manufacturer's channel power relative to that of the independent physical retailer becomes stronger with a decreasing average travel cost. This implication is counter-intuitive, because it is widely believed that the negative impact of Internet channel introduction on a competing physical retailer is more significant in a market like Russia, where consumers are more geographically dispersed, than in a market like Hong Kong, that has a condensed geographic distribution of consumers.
    illustrates how this happens. When mangers consider the overall impact of the Internet channel, however, they should consider not only channel power, but also sales volume. When both are considered, the introduction of the Internet channel is revealed as more harmful to a physical retailer in Russia than one in Hong Kong, because the sales volume decrease for a physical store due to Internet channel competition is much greater in Russia than in Hong Kong. The results show that manufacturer is always better off with any type of Internet store introduction. The independent physical store benefits from opening its own Internet store when the average travel cost is higher relative to the disutility of using the Internet. Under an opposite market condition, however, the independent physical retailer could be worse off when it opens its own Internet outlet and coordinates both outlets (RI). This is because the low average travel cost significantly reduces the channel power of the independent physical retailer, further aggravating the already weak channel power caused by myopic inter-channel price coordination. The results implies that channel members and policy makers should explicitly consider the factors determining the relative distributions of both kinds of consumer disutility, when they make a channel decision involving an Internet channel. These factors include the suitability of a product for Internet shopping, the level of E-Commerce readiness of a market, and the degree of geographic dispersion of consumers in a market. Despite the academic contributions and managerial implications, this study is limited in the following ways. First, a series of numerical analyses were conducted to derive equilibrium solutions due to the complex forms of demand functions. In the process, we set up V=100, ${\lambda}$=1, and ${\beta}$=0.01. Future research may change this parameter value set to check the generalizability of this study. Second, the five different scenarios for market conditions were analyzed. Future research could try different sets of parameter ranges. Finally, the model setting allows only one monopoly manufacturer in the market. Accommodating competing multiple manufacturers (brands) would generate more realistic results.

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    • A Study on Mixed RP/SP Models of Demand Forecasting for Rail Rapid Transit (급행철도 수요예측을 위한 RP와 SP 결합모형에 관한 연구)

    • Bae, Choon Bong;Jung, Byung Doo;Hwang, Young Ki;Kim, Hyun
      • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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      • v.31 no.5D
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      • pp.671-677
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      • 2011

    • A diversity of railway network function enhancement projects such as the double tracking, electrification, and direct operation have been actively executed to improve the railway service. When the new rapid transit is provided, how many people will use it instead of other transports? How will the railway choice behavior be changed? Accordingly, in this paper, the applicability of diverted travel demand forecast methods, by Revealed Preference(RP) and Stated Preference(SP) data was reviewed for Daegu metropolitan rail rapid transit service. As the result of combining RP and SP data, including the sequential and simultaneous approach, the total travel time and travel cost parameters are of the right sign and are highly significant. The simultaneous approach is more efficient in terms of the estimation of coefficients. In particular, methods to improve validity of the Mixed RP/SP models, when RP data is used proportionally, the diverted travel demand can be easily identified by railway fare and travel time service level. Therefore, it is considered that this will practically apply even in other regions as well as Daegu metropolitan railway.

    • https://doi.org/10.12652/Ksce.2011.31.5D.671 인용 PDF KSCI
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