• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.319-341
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• 2013

본 연구는 외상 유형이 외상후성장 및 지혜에 영향을 미치는 경로모형에서 사회적 지지와 대처의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 247명의 성인자료를 대상으로 외상경험질문지, 스트레스 대처 반응 검사, 사회적 지지척도, 외상후성장 척도, 초월적 지혜척도를 실시하였다. 먼저, 두 외상 유형 집단인 대인외상 집단과 비대인외상 집단을 비교하여 외상후성장과 외상 정도, 사회적 지지, 대처, 지혜의 차이가 나타나는지 확인하였다. 그 결과, 비대인외상집단의 사회적 지지, 긍정적 대처, 외상후성장 및 지혜가 더 높게 나타났으며, 대인외상집단의 외상 정도, 회피적 대처가 더 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 외상 유형이 외상후성장 및 지혜에 영향을 미치는 모형을 경로분석으로 검증하였다. 그 결과, 외상 유형이 사회적 지지, 긍정적 대처, 외상후성장을 매개로 지혜에 영향을 주었고, 이 과정에서 사회적 지지, 긍정적 대처, 외상후성장의 매개효과가 검증되었다. 그러나 외상 유형에서 긍정적 대처로 가는 경로와 사회적 지지에서 회피적 대처로 가는 경로는 유의하지 않았다. 또한 회피적 대처의 매개효과는 검증되지 않았다. 결과를 종합하면, 비대인외상 유형이며, 사회적 지지가 높고, 긍정적 대처를 사용할수록 외상후성장이 높고 지혜가 발달한다는 것을 의미한다. 마지막으로 연구의 의의 및 외상에 대한 개입방안, 본 연구의 제한점 및 후속연구에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.447-455
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• 2021

Purpose: The present study utilizes a descriptive research design to investigate the moderating effect of resilience on the relationship between the experience of traumatic events and turnover intention among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Methods: The participants were 161 hospital nurses who voluntarily agreed to participate in this study. Traumatic event experience, turnover intention, and resilience were assessed. The data were analyzed with hierarchical multiple regression using the SPSS 26.0 software program. Results: The experience of traumatic events had a statistically significant positive correlation with turnover intention (r=.17, p=.037), whereas it had a statistically significant negative correlation with turnover intention and resilience (r=-.37, p<.001). Resilience had a moderating effect on the relationship between the experience of traumatic events and turnover intention (𝛽=-.20, p=.007). Conclusion: The results of this study found that the experience of traumatic events among ICU nurses was a significant factor in turnover intention and that resilience moderated the strength of the relationship between such experiences and turnover intention. Therefore, to prevent ICU nurses' experience of a traumatic event from leading to their leaving nursing, it is necessary to formulate preventive measures and interventions for traumatic events, while enhancing resilience among ICU nurses.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제41권
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• pp.33-56
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• 2015

트라우마 연구는 개인과 집단이 경험하는 대재앙과 재난적 사건을 다루는 데 유용한 모델을 제공해왔다. 대부분 캐시 캐루스를 비롯한 구조주의 트라우마 연구관점이 전형적인 모델이 되어 우리 삶의 거의 모든 맥락에 적용되어왔다. "트라우마의 사건-기반 모델"로 일컬어지는 이 연구 모델의 관점은 트라우마적 사건이 있는 그대로 각인되고 과거를 직접적이고 정확하게 기억하는 것에 대해서 연구의 초점을 맞춘다. 이 관점에서 트라우마적 사건 당사자는 그 사건의 진실을 전송하는 수동적인 담지자가 된다. 트라우마적 주체는 단지 사건을 겪고 견뎌낼 뿐 트라우마를 구성하고 그것을 다루는 데 있어 능동적인 역할을 할 수 없는 것이다. 결국 트라우마적 진실은 트라우마 주체의 자율성과 그/그녀의 행위가능성을 대가로 얻어진다. 여기서 문제는 주체의 자율성을 대가로 획득된 진실이 트라우마적 경험을 둘러싼 많은 문제를 해결하거나 외상을 치유하는 데 도움이 되기보다는 오히려 피해 당사자에게 치명적인 타격을 준다는 것이다. 이것은 트라우마적 사건 자체보다는 트라우마적 주체의 편에서, 즉 인적인 입장에서 트라우마를 다루는 보다 능동적인 방편이 필요하다는 점을 시사한다. 더구나 최근에는 재난 사건의 이미지가 시청자들에게 생중계로 보여 지고 그리고 즉각적으로 공적인 담론을 통해 반복적으로 되풀이해서 보여 진다. 그 만큼 사건들은 보다 더 즉시 트라우마적이 되기 쉽기 때문에 사람들은 예전보다 더 그들 자신을 트라우마적 피해자로 볼 가능성이 높다. 피해자의 입장에서 트라우마를 다루는 능동적인 방편을 탐구해야 하는 이유가 바로 여기에 있다. 이 논문은 문학과 이론 텍스트를 통해서 트라우마 연구의 전형적인 모델, "트라우마 사건-기반 모델"의 한계를 비판적으로 검토함으로써 트라우마적 과거가 있는 그대로 도래하는 것이 피해자에게 어떤 치명적인 영향을 주는가를 드러내 보이고 트라우마 주체의 입장에서 트라우마를 다루는 능동적인 방편으로서 "서사 기억"을 제시하고자 한다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 1995

Traumatic brain injury(TBI) used to be developed after a severe traumatic event. Therefore TBI usually induces acute or chronic stress reaction. I reviewed the concept, epidemiology, biological or psychosocial etiology, diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and discussed about PTSD or stress reaction after TBI. Early evaluation and management of stress reaction after TBI are important.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2024

Purpose: The present study investigated experiences of traumatic perinatal events, the provision of related education, and educational needs of nurses working in the labor and delivery room (LDR). Methods: Nurses working in the LDRs of six institutions and two nurse portal sites were invited to participate in the survey, delivered on paper or online. The data were collected from October 1 to November 25, 2022. Data from 129 nurses were analyzed using frequency, the chi-square test, the Fisher exact test, the t-test, and analysis of variance. Results: Virtually all participants (98.6%) reported having experienced at least one traumatic perinatal event (dystocia, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal congenital anomalies, severe maternal or neonatal injury, stillbirth, and maternal or neonatal death) while working in the LDR. The most shocking traumatic perinatal event experienced was the maternal or neonatal death (40.3%), but 24.8% of participants did not recall ever receiving education on the topic. About 63% of participants experienced traumatic perinatal events within a year of working in the LDR. The average score for education needs regarding traumatic perinatal events was 3.67±0.37 out of 4, and participants preferred simulation education as the most effective educational method. Conclusion: Since most of the participants had experienced various traumatic perinatal events in the early stages of working in the LDR and expressed a high level of need for education on traumatic perinatal events, it is necessary to provide more effective stimulation education programs in the early period of work in the LDR.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between subjective sleep problems and various types of traumatic events of patients with depressive disorder. Methods : A total of 411 patients diagnosed with depressive disorders were recruited in this study. The participants filled out Life Time Events Checklist (LEC), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We used the independent t-test and analysis of covariance to compare each component of PSQI between depressive patients with and without traumatic experiences. Results : The groups of patients who experienced a serious accident at work, home or during recreational activity, sexual assault, other unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experience, life-threatening illness or injury, and sudden, unexpected death of a near and dear one showed lower scores in a few components of PSQI. Sleep disturbance was a common problem in all five groups. Lower subjective sleep quality and longer sleep latency was observed in three groups. There were no differences in the other components of PSQI among groups. Conclusion : This study showed that various types of traumatic events may have different effects on subjective sleep quality as a consequence of the traumatic event which they had experienced.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2013

Psychological resilience in children preventing them from being overwhelmed by traumatic events and nurture their healthy development is universal and powerful. Movies about fairy tales provide children with the notion of the existence of the power and various manifestations. Even though the traumatic event affects the development of the child, with a good supporting system and by providing healthy internal and external factors to reconstruct the event, the traumatized child may accept the event objectively, develop the healthier part of the ego, and even sublimate the traumatic events. As the children participate in movies or plays, several protectors can be devised. The child prepares the role under a "promise" of virtual reality, performs the role recognizing that the traumatic event is not real, and returns to real life as the role or play ends. When these protectors are provided, it is considered that resilience can function properly and the role does not have a negative influence on the development of a child.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

Objectives Social workers can suffer from occupational stress resulting from dealing with clients, which might lead to metal health problems. We aimed to investigate the association of duty-related traumatic experiences and stress coping strategies with post-traumatic stress symptoms among social workers in public sector. Methods A total of 110 social workers in public sector (men 30.9%, $36.5{\pm}7.6$ yrs) participated in this study. All subjects were evaluated the frequency and the impact of duty-related traumatic events. Additionally, they completed questionnaires including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for post-traumatic stress symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory-II for depressive symptoms, the Scale for Suicidal Ideation for suicide symptoms and the Ways of Coping Checklist for stress coping strategies. Results The most frequent traumatic events were "Violent or abusive language from a client" (95.0%) and "Client made a fuss" (94.5%). The most distressing traumatic event was "Seeing a dead body on duty" (7.6 out of 10), which predicted post-traumatic stress symptoms (odds ratio 4.04 ; 95% confidence interval, 1.79-9.11). Among 4 types of stress coping strategies, the emotion-focused coping was positively correlated with post-traumatic stress symptoms after controlling age and sex (${\beta}$ = 0.50, p < 0.001). Conclusions Social workers in public sector showed high level of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Duty-related traumatic events and the emotional-focused coping strategies were associated with the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms. The modification of stress coping strategies would alleviate post-traumatic stress symptoms in social workers in public sector.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the levels of traumatic event experience, self disclosure, social support, and posttraumatic growth of intensive care unit nurses and their relationships. Methods: Participants were 142 nurses who had worked for more than 3 months in six general hospitals, J province from August 7 to September 25, 2020. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using the program SPSS version 22.0. Results: The posttraumatic growth was found to correlate significantly with self disclosure (r=.23, p=.005), individual support (r=.54, p<.001), and organizational support (r=.32, p<.001). Factors influencing the participants of the posttraumatic growth were individual support (β=.46, p<.001) and organizational support (β=.21, p=.007). These factors explained 32.0% of the variance of ICU nurses' posttraumatic growth (F=14.13, p<.001). Conclusion: Efforts to support positive changes after traumatic event experience for ICU nurses are needed. We suggest to develop individual and organizational supportive programs for posttraumatic growth for ICU nurses and to investigate the effects of the programs.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated the current status of post-traumatic stress and related factors among safety managers in Korea National Parks. Methods: The study subjects were 109 safety managers working in Korea National Parks. General characteristics, job-related characteristics, experience of traumatic events and post-traumatic stress were collected by self-reported questionnaires through the mail. The associated factors with post-traumatic stress was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: Overall score of post-traumatic stress was $10.32{\pm}11.37$ and 12.8% was the high-risk group of post-traumatic stress disorder. In simple analysis, score of post-traumatic stress was associated with drinking frequency, disease history, duration of career, delay of rescue, provided the break, rest space and the number of experiences of traumatic events. Finally, the score of post-traumatic stress was significantly higher in subjects who experienced 3 (B=9.141, SE=3.538) or more than 4 (B=11.367, SE=3.063) traumatic events compared to subjects without experience of traumatic event. Conclusion: The score of post-traumatic stress was $10.32{\pm}11.37$ and 12.8% was the high-risk group among safety managers in Korea National Parks. Post-traumatic stress was associated with the experience of traumatic events. Management of safety managers after mobilization or experience of traumatic events will be helpful to decrease of post-traumatic stress.