• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 1985

In this paper, an approximate calculation method on the transverse strength of oil tankers by use of slop-deflection method os described which considers the effect of shear deflection and varing section in elements and the result of calculation in models and actual ships, is presented. The object of this paper is focused on the development of program which can be used widely regardless strut numbers in transverse frame rings. To examine the reliability of the above method, the results in this paper are compared with the results which are obtained by use of SAP4(Structure Analysis Program) based on finite element method. The application of the Slope-Deflection Method on the transverse strength of oil tankers has the advantage that this method takes less than the other methods in calculation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.921-932
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• 2016

This paper presents a theoretical analysis for determining the transverse deflection of simply supported battened beams subjected to a uniformly distributed transverse quasi-static load. The analysis considers not only the shear effect but also the discrete effect of battens on the transverse deflection of the battened beam. The analytical solution is obtained using the principle of minimum potential energy. Numerical validation of the present analytical solution is accomplished using finite element methods. The present analytical solution shows that the shear effect on the transverse deflection of battened beams increases with the cross-section area of the main member but decreases with the cross-section area of the batten. The longer the battened beam is, or the larger the moment of inertia of the main member is, the smaller the shear effect will be.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2001

This paper presents load transfer efficiency of skewed transverse joint of jointed concrete pavement with the fatigue model test. A 1/12 scale model was used to satisfy the geometry, loading, material similitude, which are variables to the skew angel of transverse joint. As the test results by fatigue load 700kgf applied, the deflection and stress of transverse joint were decreased as to increasing of skew angle of transverse joint. In addition, load transfer efficiency of transverse joint with skew angle is better than the load transfer efficiency of transverse joint without skew angle.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 1999

The large deflection theory of the Mindlin plate and Galerkin's method are employed to examine the static responses of a plate produced by the weight of the plate, and the dynamic responses of the plate caused by the coupling effect of these static responses with a set of moving forces. Results obtained by the large deflection theory are compared with those by the small deflection theory. The results indicate that the effect of weight of the plate increases the modal frequencies of the structure. The deviations of dynamic transverse deflection and of dynamic bending moment produced by a moving concentrated force between the two theories are significant for a thin plate with a large area. Both dynamic transverse deflection and dynamic bending moment obtained by the Mindlin plate theory are greater than those by the classical plate.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.1273-1287
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• 2014

Plates are most widely used in the hulls of floating concrete structures, bridge decks, walls of off-shore structures and liquid storage tanks. A method of analysis is presented for the determination of load-deflection response and ultimate strength of high-strength steel fiber reinforced concrete (HSSFRC) plates simply supported on all four edges and subjected to combined action of external compressive in-plane and transverse loads. The behavior of HSSFRC plate specimens subjected to combined uniaxial in-plane and transverse loads was investigated. The proposed analytical method is compared to the physical test results, and shows good agreement. To predict the constitutive behavior of HSSFRC in compression, a non-dimensional characteristic equation was proposed and found to give reasonable accuracy.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

This study reported, the effect of random variation in system properties on bending response of single wall carbon nanotube reinforced composite (SWCNTRC) plates subjected to transverse uniform loading is examined. System parameters such as the SWCNT armchair, material properties, plate thickness and volume fraction of SWCNT are modelled as basic random variables. The basic formulation is based on higher order shear deformation theory to model the system behaviour of the SWCNTRC composite plate. A C0 finite element method in conjunction with the first order perturbation technique procedure developed earlier by the authors for the plate subjected to lateral loading is employed to obtain the mean and variance of the transverse deflection of the plate. The performance of the stochastic SWCNTRC composite model is demonstrated through a comparison of mean transverse central deflection with those results available in the literature and standard deviation of the deflection with an independent First Order perturbation Technique (FOPT), Second Order perturbation Technique (SOPT) and Monte Carlo simulation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.86-97
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the applicability of a tractor-baler system equipped with a newly developed round baler by conducting stability analyses via static-state mathematical simulations and verification experiments for the tractor equipped with a loader. Methods: The centers of gravity of the tractor and baler were calculated to analyze the transverse overturning of the system. This overturning of the system was analyzed by applying mathematical equations presented in previous research and comparing the results with those obtained by the newly developed mathematical simulation. For the case of the tractor equipped with a loader, mathematical simulation results and experimental values from verification experiments were compared and verified. Results: The center of gravity of the system became lower after the baler was attached to the tractor and the angle of transverse overturning of the system steadily increased or decreased as the deflection angle increased or decreased between $0^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ on the same gradient. In the results of the simulations performed by applying mathematical equations from previous research, right transverse overturning occurred when the tilt angle was at least $19.5^{\circ}$ and the range of deflection angles was from $82^{\circ}$ to $262^{\circ}$ in counter clockwise. Additionally, left transverse overturning also occurred at tilt angles of at least $19.5^{\circ}$ and the range of deflection angles was from $259^{\circ}$ to $79^{\circ}$ in counter clockwise. Under the $0^{\circ}$ deflection angle condition, in simulations of the tractor equipped with a loader, transverse overturning occurred at $17.9^{\circ}$, which is a 2.3% change from the results of the verification experiment ($17.5^{\circ}$). The simulations applied the center of gravity and the correlations between the tilt angles, formed by individual wheel ground contact points excluding wheel radius and hinge point height, which cannot be easily measured, for the convenient use of mathematical equations. The results indicated that both left and right transverse overturning occurred at $19.5^{\circ}$. Conclusions: The transverse overturning stability evaluation of the system, conducted via mathematical equation modeling, was stable enough to replace the mathematical equations proposed by previous researchers. The verification experiments and their results indicated that the system is workable at $12^{\circ}$, which is the tolerance limit for agricultural machines on the sloped lands in South Korea, and $15^{\circ}$, which is the tolerance limit for agricultural machines on the sloped grasslands of hay in Japan.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.661-672
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• 2014

Laminated Rectangular plates embedded in elastic foundations are used in many mechanical structures. This study presents an analytical approach for transverse bending analysis of an embedded symmetric laminated rectangular plate using Mindlin plate theory. The surrounding elastic medium is simulated using Pasternak foundation. Adopting the Mindlin plate theory, the governing equations are derived based on strain-displacement relation, energy method and Hamilton's principle. The exact analysis is performed for this case when all four ends are simply supported. The effects of the plate length, elastic medium and applied force on the plate transverse bending are shown. Results indicate that the maximum deflection of the laminated plate decreases when considering an elastic medium. In addition, the deflection of the laminated plate increases with increasing the plate width and length.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2001

A simply supported pipe conveying fluid and a moving mass upon it constitute a vibrational system. The equation of motion is derived by using Lagrange's equation. The influence of the velocity and the inertia force of a moving mass and the velocities of fluid flow in the pipe have been studied on the dynamic behavior of a simply supported pipe by numerical method. The velocities of fluid low are considered within its critical values of the simply supported pipe without a moving mass upon it. Their coupling effects on the transverse vibration of a simply supported pipe are inspected too. as the velocity of a moving mass increases, the deflection of midspan of a simply supported pipe conveying fluid is increased and the frequency of transverse vibration of the pipe is not varied. Increasing of the velocity of fluid flow makes the frequency of transverse vibration of the simply supported pipe conveying fluid decrease and the deflection of midspan of the pipe increase. The deflection of the simply supported pipe conveying fluid is increased by a coupling of the moving mass and the velocities of a moving mass and fluid flow.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2022

This research has been devoted to examine nonlinear static bending analysis of smart beams with nano dimension exposed to thermal environment. The beam elastic properties are corresponding to piezo-magnetic material of different compositions. The large deflection analysis of the beam has been performed assuming that the beam is exposed to transverse uniform pressure. Based on the rule of Hamilton, the governing equations have been derived for a nonlocal thin beam and solved using differential quadrature method. Temperature variation effect on nonlinear deflection of the smart beams has been studied. Also, the beam deflection is shown to be affected by electric voltage, magnetic intensity and material composition.