• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.93-96
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• 1969

1. This experiment has been conducted to determine the most desirable method of the low-land rice seedling preservation for long defered transplanting and its results obtained are as follows: 1. On a viewpoint of the management, any method of seedling preservation was not effective when the seedling was transplanted after 20th, July. 2. Vegetative growth after transplanting was shown the most desirable at the plot of the seedling from direct-sowing dry paddy rice culture and next at the plot of the seedlings preserved on the vinyl seed bed. On the other hand, the leaf-cutting or the thinning out of seedling was not effective for the prevention of the seedling decrepitude. 3. On the case of transplanting on 20th July, the seedling from the direct sowing on dry paddy rice culture showed the best yield(378kg/10a) and the seedling preserved on the vinyl seed-bed showed the next (280kg/10a), however, on the case of transplanting on 30th July, the seedling from the direct sowing on dry paddy rice culture showed the best yield(222kg10a), but the yield of other preservation treatment was shown below 90kg/10a.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 1971

The rice variety, Kwanok, was reared in the water, land and salty beds and transplanted to the reclaimed soil area having an average of 0.48% salt concentration 0.67% at the end of April Two levels of $NH_3$-N and urea-N with 6 treatments were used. The effect of each treatment was observed. The plant height of the land bed seedlings at transplanting stage was short but the dry-weight/plant-height ratio was large, and the rooting ability vigorous remarkably after transplantation in the salty area. The total carbohydrate content of the stem part was markedly larger in the land bed seedlings than the others and the C/N ratio was accordingly greater. This tendency was observed through the last rooting stage. In the salty nutrient solution, the roots of salty bed seedlings showed high respiratory activity. The activity of the land bed seedlings did not decreased in the hypertonic solution as much as the water bed seedlings. There was no difference in the effect of fertilization on the rough rice yield between ammonium sulphate and urea. The cultural practices with the land and salty bed seedlings increased the rough rice yields by 33% and 22% respectively, compared with the yields of the water bed Seedlings. The number of panicles, panicle weight and the number of grains per panicle were much greater from the rice plant grown by the land bed seedlings than from the other bed seedlings.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.395-402
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• 2003

Standard ginseng seedling, selected after one year's rearing in the seedling bed has been conventionally transplanted in Korea. Recently, the direct seeding areas have been increasing to product high quality ginsengs for red-ginseng processing. Reciprocating push-rod brush, holed-roller and vacuum suction seeders, planting with 30 ${\times}$ 30mm spacings and adjustable to the folds were designed and theirs performances were evaluated. The developed three types of seeders reliably performed at the success rate over 95% with less than 10% in slip rate, and could be used a seeder for the greater spacings by adjusting metering parts. The research concluded that the vacuum suction seeder was the most feasible and practical with the greatest metering success and the least slip among three type seeders of the reciprocating push-rod brush, holed-roller and vacuum suction seeders. The vacuum suction seeder holds a seed with each needle nozzle using the negative pressure created by a vacuum pump. The capacity was 24.5 times greater than a man power at the speed of 5 m/min.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.523-526
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• 2009

Biodegradable polybutylene succinate (BPS) multifilament were designed to degrade upon disposal by the action of afforestration of Ecklonia cava. Matured thalli of E. cava were collected at Jeju for zoospore collection and the substrate for zoospores were BPS multifilament (12 mm, 500 Td/96). The materials were made as nets of $1\;m^2$ with a cross stripes of 10 cm. The unit biodegradable nets bearing germlings of E. cava was moved into Wando where the place is conducting intensive seaweed cultivation in Korea for 5 months of nursery culture until they grew to 10 cm in length after which the nets were transplanted into the sea bed at Jeju at a depth of 12 m and the algal growth was monitored from May 2007 to December 2008. This is the first instance of using the BPS materials for seaweed afforestation to avoid any environmental problems.

• ALGAE
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

Marked declines in seagrass meadows are increasingly being reported from coasts around Korea and many regions of the world. The transplantation of seagrasses has been attempted to mitigate and control their degradation from a range of anthropogenic factors. In this study, Zostera marina shoots, which were collected from a donor bed in Koje Bay, were transplanted in Jindong Bay in December 2004. In 2008, a comparative investigation of shoot morphology, growth, and reproduction strategy of Z. marina was carried out between the donor and transplant sites to assess their adaptation success. Shoot height, individual shoot weight, and leaf productivity at the transplant site were significantly greater than those at the donor site. However, below-/aboveground tissue ratio was significantly lower at the transplant site compared to the donor site. Z. marina survival was maintained through vegetative reproduction, while peak season for lateral shoot recruitment was late winter for both donor and transplant site populations. However, vegetative reproduction mainly occurred during late winter and spring at the transplant site, whereas lateral shoots were evident across all seasons except late spring in the donor site. More pronounced seasonal variations were found at the transplant site compared to the donor site. These results indicate that Z. marina populations at the two sites possess distinct phenotypic variations induced by different environmental conditions, and Z. marina transplants have adapted well to the new transplant environment.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.469-473
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• 2003

Transplantation of Sargassum horneri to natural substrate using the rope seeding method was undertaken. Seeding of S. horneri was grown on net in an indoor tank up to 0.2-0.3 cm in frond length for 2 months, and then transplanted to an architecture tile $(10\times10\;cm)$ with underwater glue and an iron pipe. After two months, number of S. horneri on the tile decreased because of grazing by herbivores. However, S. horneri on the iron pipe grew up to 0.5-2.0 cm in frond length. After 7 months, they rapidly grew up to a frond length of 11.0-203.0 cm with a mean frond length of 122.6 cm. S. horneri grew up to a maximum frond length of 313.0 cm, and mean frond length of 228.0 cm, after 10 months. The artificial S. hornevi beds can be used to clean the seawater and also be utilized as a source of marine biomass as well as for supplying habitat, shelter and spawning beds for fish and invertebrates.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 1980

Twin-bud seedlings and four-leaflet seedlings of ginseng were found and transplanted to field and their growth characteristics were investigated. 1. Appearance frequencies of twin-bud and four-leaflet seedlings were 0.3 and 0.4 percent, respectively, in common nursery bed: and were 6.6 and 28.4 percent, respectively, in polystem line. 2. Generally, the growth of twin.bud and four-leaflet seedlings were better than those of common seedlings both in aerial part and in root. Root weights of both type seedlings exceeded the common ones by 66 and 38 percent, respectively. 3. When they became two-year-old plants, leafiet number of common plant was 11.6, and those of twin-bud and four-leaflet-seedling plants were 18.1 and 13.8, respectively. There were no inflorescence in twin-bud-seedling plant, but the ratios of in florescent Plant in four-leaflet.seedling and common plant were 44.0 and 12.5 percent, respectively. 4. In two-year-old plant, root weights of twin-bud and four-leaflet-seedling plants were heavier than those of common ones by 27 and 20 percent, respectively.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.343-355
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• 2021

Eelgrass, Zostera marina L., was widely distributed around Sinyangseopji Beach in Bangdu Bay, on the eastern coast of Jeju Island, until breakwater construction in the late 1990s resulted in its complete loss. Six experimental sites were identified for restoration of the Z. marina bed in Bangdu Bay. Using the staple method, 500 Z. marina shoots were transplanted at each site in January 2019 and 2020. The transplants, along with environmental parameters, were monitored for 10 months following transplantation. There were significant differences in underwater irradiance, water temperature, and salinity among the sites, but all were suitable for Z. marina growth. The Ulva species, an opportunistic alga, appeared in spring and accumulated during summer at all sites; however, there was no significant effect of Ulva species on the survival and growth of the eelgrass transplants. Most of the transplanted Z. marina survived, and after 3 months, the density increased by 112.5-300% due to vegetative propagation, with a rapid rate of increase observed during spring and early summer at all sites. For 1-2 months after transplanting, the Z. marina shoots showed signs of transplant shock, after which the shoot density increased at all sites, confirming that all transplants adapted well to the new environment. However, in both 2019 and 2020, during late summer to early fall, the sites experienced heavy damage from typoons (twice in 2019 and three times in 2020) that hit Bangdu Bay. The transplants at two sites located in the center of Bangdu Bay were completely destroyed, but those at three sites located to the west of the bay showed a 192-312% increase in density. Thus, we confirmed that the Bangdu Bay Z. marina bed can be restored, with the highest probability of success for Z. marina restoration on the western side of Bangdu Bay, which is protected from typhoons.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 1987

Exochorda serratifolia, broad-leaved shrub has beautiful flowers and is resistant to cold, shade and decease. New this native plant is considered to be worth being exploited as the outstanding plant for landscaping and horticulture. So this study was executed to utilize Exochorda serratifolia as the planting material for landscaping and horticulture through the survey of its habitat environment and the experimennt of its seed physiology and germination, vegetative propagation, culture and utilization, etc.. The results are as follows ; 1. The color of the flower is white, blooming in the early and middle of May and the seeds ripen late in Sep.. 2. The elevation, elevation, gradient and direction of the native habitat were 250m, 20-25$^{\circ}$and northern side respectively. 3. The soil pH of the natural habitat was 5.3 and soil fertility was poor. 4. Exochorda serratifolia appeared as indicator within P. densiflora community and its neighboring species were Q. mongolica, Q. dentata, R. mucronulatum, L. obtusiloba, E. oxyphillus, C. heterolphylla, var thunbergii, etc.. 5. The optimum temperature for seed germination was found at 20$^{\circ}C$ and the longer the stratification period at 5$^{\circ}C$ was, the lower the germination rate was. 6. The treat merits of GA and Kinetin increased the seed germination rate, especially under the dark condition but their high concentrations decreased the seed germination rate. 7. The rooted rate of the greenwood cutting was the highest at IBA 100ppm plot of vermiculite bed but its high concentration decreased the rooted rate conspicuously. 8. In the tissue culture, the each 1.0 ppd plot of NAA, Kinetin and NAA 1.0ppm + Kinetin showed the best growth. And the mixture of NAA 1.0ppm and Kinetin showed better growth than the single treatment of NAA or Kinetin did. 9. Transplanted Exochorda serratifolia showed healthy growth with shaded environmental condition(42.1% light intensity), therefore they can be cultivated as a shade tolerant landscape plant. 10. It was considered that Exochorda serratifolia was applicable to group planting at shade places or under trees in parks, homes, etc..

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.242-248
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• 2016

This research was conducted to determine the effects of four different substrates, expanded rice hulls (ERH), commercial substrates for strawberries (CSS), clay sand (CS), and loamy sand (LS), on the inhibition of anthracnose crown rot (ACR) in strawberry. Mother plants of 'Seolhyang' strawberry were transplanted into an elevated bed in March, 2013 and March, 2014 and the runners connecting mother plants and daughter plants were cut in early August of both years. After separation, growth characteristics of the daughter plants were measured and then each daughter plant was inoculated with conidial suspensions of Colletotrichum fructicola, one of several species of Colletotrichum that causes ACR in strawberries. The incidence of ACR as influenced by the different substrates was investigated in both years. The daughter plants grown on CSS had the highest values for shoot height, leaf area, and fresh weight. Those grown on ERH and LS substrates also displayed good above-ground growth characteristics except for fresh weight, but the daughter plants grown on CS had the poorest above-ground growth characteristics. The ERH and CS treatments resulted in the highest number of primary roots and the greatest root weight. The CSS-grown daughter plants had the highest ACR disease index, followed by the CS and LS treatments, but there were no significant differences among the three substrates. However, the ERH-grown daughter plants had a markedly lower ACR disease index on October 11, 2013 and October 7, 2014. The CSS-grown daughter plants had high nitrogen and potassium contents and low calcium content, whereas the ERH-grown daughter plants had low nitrogen levels and high silicon levels. The results of this study provide basic information on the ability of the different substrates tested to provide disease suppression of ACR in the propagation of strawberry transplants.