• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.219-223
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• 2012

Since the first umbilical cord blood transplantation (CBT) in 1998, cord blood (CB) has now become one of the most commonly used sources of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. CBT has advantages of easy procurement, no risk to donor, low risk of transmitting infections, immediate availability and immune tolerance allowing successful transplantation despite human leukocyte antigen disparity. Several studies have shown that the number of cells transplanted is the most important factor for engraftment in CBT, and it limits the wide use of CB in adult patients. New strategies for facilitating engraftment and reducing transplantation-related mortality are ongoing in the field of CBT and include the use of a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen, double-unit CBT, ex vivo expansion of CB, and co-transplantation of CB and mesenchymal stem cells. Recently, the results of two international studies with large sample sizes showed that CB is an acceptable alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for adult recipients who lack human leukocyte antigen-matched adult donors. Along with the intensive researches, development in banking process of CB will amplify the use of CB and offer the chance for cure in more patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.358-362
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• 2001

Brain dead (BD) patients remain the largest source of solid organs for transplantation. BD has shown to decrease graft function and survival in rodent models. The aim of this study was to evaluate how brain death affects graft viability in the donor and kidney tolerance to cold preservation as assessed by survival in a canine transplantation. 13 Beagle dogs were used for the study. Brain death was induced by the sudden inflation of a subdural balloon catheter with continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure and eletroencephalographic activity (n=3). Sixteen hours after conformation of brain death, kidney graft were retrieved (n=6). Non-BD donors served as controls (n=4). All kidneys were flushed with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and preserved for 24 hours at 4$^{\circ}C$ before transplantation. Recipient survival rates, serum creatinine level were analyzed. Brain death induced the well-known Cushing reaction with a severe increase in blood pressure and tachycardia. Thereafter, cardiac function returned progressively to baseline within 8 hours and remained stable until the end of the experiment. All of dogs in both group transplanted were survived until 7 days (100%), and the kidneys showed functional early rejection at 8.3$\pm$0.5 days and 8.5$\pm$0.5 days after transplantation, in BD and allograft group, respectively. BD kidneys were functionally similar to control kidneys for 7 days after transplantated. Brain death has no deleterious effect on preservation injury and survival of dog kidney transplantation, although it induces changes in hemodynamic parameters. This study reveals that kidneys from BD donors do not exhibit more ischemia reperfusion injury, and support good early function and survival.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.102-118
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• 1999

In this study, the author developed a new animal model to examine morphological changes and functional recoveries after vertical hemilaryngeal transplantation in the canine. Seven vertical hemilaryngeal transplantations were carried out in the canine. After preparing the host dog removing right sided hemilarynx, hemilarynx of the donor dog was transplanted by hooking up the arteries, veins, nerves and hypopharyngeal mucosa. Especially, recurrent laryngeal nerve was anastomosed at the branch level(anterior and posterior) respectively. After 7 days, for the first evaluation of the transplantation, four out of seven dogs were considered successful. Three dogs survived more than one month, which is the critical period to evaluate the functional recovery after transplantations. After EMG examination, two dogs(#3, #5 dog) showed some functional recoveries. The five-transplanted hemilarynges were sectioned at the arytenoid cartilage region to examine the morphological changes. The results showed that the transplanted hemilarynx appeared normal as control in #5 dog. In addition, #2 dog showed fairly good condition even though died from asphyxia after 9 days out of transplantation. The other. three dogs(#3, #6, #7) showed various levels of atrophy and disappearance of the muscles and cartilages in their larynges. It can be suggested that this model could contribute an advance to preparing human laryngeal transplantation in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.290-299
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• 2009

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence, duration and risk factors for delirium following liver transplantation while the patients were in the acute stage and admitted to the intensive care unit. Method: A retrospective chart review of 106 patients who had liver transplantation was conducted. A delirium risk factor checklist was used, to collect preoperative and postoperative data. Descriptive analysis, t-test, x2-test, and logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis. Results: The post-transplantation incidence of delirium was 29.3% (n=31). Multivariate analysis revealed that risk factors were preoperative conditions in the patients including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, and postoperative laboratory test results, such as hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusion: Therefore, a daily delirium risk factor assessment should be conducted before liver transplantation as a way to identify risk of delirium after the liver transplantation and to effectively manage delirium when it occurs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.527-530
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• 2011

Purpose: Liver transplantation is a groundbreaking section in the field of surgery. Nowadays over 90% of success rate is accomplished and life expectancy of the patients has been elongated. Patients are now seeking for surgical procedures including cosmetic plastic surgery. But these patients take immunosuppressive medication and steroids, which can increase the risk of wound infection, and delay wound healing. By reviewing the case of a 21-year-old liver transplant recipient who underwent mastopexy due to breast ptosis, we discussed about the matters we should consider when performing surgery in liver transplantation recipients. Methods: The patient was a 21-year-old female who received liver transplantation from her father. She was exposed to massive amount of steroids and immunosuppressants, which led to breast ptosis. The vertical and short horizontal incision mastopexy using a medial-based pedicle was done, 29 months after the liver transplantation. Results: On postoperative day 1, she was discharged. On day 10, sutures were removed and taping was applied. There was no sign of wound infection, wound dehiscence, hematoma or bleeding. The patient was followed up at 3, 6 and 9 months after the operation. Mild recurrence of the glandular ptosis was observed but revision was not required. Conclusion: We were able to successfully operate without any complications in the liver transplant recipient. With special attention and consideration, cosmetic plastic surgery can be safely performed in organ transplantation recipients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

Liver transplantation is widely accepted as an effective therapeutic modality for a variety of irreversible acute and chronic liver diseases for which no satisfactory therapy is available. Following the first unsuccessful efforts at human liver transplantation in 1963, development of the procedure evolved at first slowly and steadily for 20 years and then rapidly over the past two decades. The growth of liver transplantation was facilitated by the conclusion of the national institutes of health consensus development conference in 1983 that liver transplantation is not an experimental procedure but an effective therapy that deserves broader application. The number of liver transplantations increased 2.4-fold(from 1.713 to 4.058) from 1988 to 1996. but the number of patients on the UNOS(united network of organ sharing) liver list increased 12.1-fold(from 616 to 7,467); as would be expected, the number of deaths of listed patients increased 4.9-fold(from 195 to 954), The current supply of donor livers is insufficient to meet this need, and organ donation has been stagnant or increased by only a few percent in recent years. These facts underscore the importance of the appropriate selection of candidates for liver transplantation and the development of operative procedures, such as living donor liver transplant, split liver transplant and auxiliary partial liver transplant.

• Acute and Critical Care
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.197-205
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• 2018

Lung transplantation is widely accepted as the only viable treatment option for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, the imbalance between the number of suitable donor lungs available and the number of possible candidates often results in intensive care unit (ICU) admission for the latter. In the ICU setting, critical care is essential to keep these patients alive and to successfully bridge to lung transplantation. Proper management in the ICU is also one of the key factors supporting long-term success following transplantation. Critical care includes the provision of respiratory support such as mechanical ventilation (MV) and extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Accordingly, a working knowledge of the common critical care issues related to these unique patients and the early recognition and management of problems that arise before and after transplantation in the ICU setting are crucial for long-term success. In this review, we discuss the management and selection of candidates for lung transplantation as well as existing respiratory support strategies that involve MV and ECLS in the ICU setting.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.258-266
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• 2018

Purpose: This study analyzes the impact of laparoscopic liver resection on intra-abdominal adhesion. Methods: Patients who underwent salvage liver transplantation after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma from January 2012 to October 2017 at our institution were included. Information about the severity of intra-abdominal adhesions was collected from a prospectively maintained database. Intra-abdominal adhesions were graded after the agreement of 2 surgeons who participated in the salvage liver transplantation based on predetermined criteria. Adhesion severity and demographic, operative, and postoperative data were compared between the laparoscopic group and the open group. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to consider potential factors related to severe adhesion during salvage transplantation. Results: Sixty-two patients who underwent salvage liver transplantation after liver resection were included in this study. Among them, 52 patients underwent open surgery, and 10 patients underwent laparoscopy. Adhesion was significantly more severe in the open group than in the laparoscopy group (P = 0.029). A multivariate logistic regression model including potential factors related to severe adhesion showed that laparoscopy (odds ratio, 0.168; 95% confidence interval, 0.029-0.970; P = 0.048) was the only significant factor. Conclusion: Laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma can minimize intra-abdominal adhesion during salvage liver transplantation.

• Korean Journal of Transplantation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.121-134
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• 2014

Current immunosuppressants have nonspecific immuosuppressive effects, and are not helpful for tolerance induction. Consequently, transplant patients cannot discontinue using them, and their nonspecific immunosuppressive effects result in many side effects, including infection and malignancy. However, most of cellular immunotherapy can have donor antigen-specific immunsuppressive effects. Therefore, cell therapy could be an alternative or adjunctive to nonspecific immunosuppressants. Polyclonal or antigen-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells have been actively tried for prevention of acute rejection, treatment of chronic rejection, or tolerance induction in clinical trials. Regulatory macrophages are also under clinical trials for kidney transplant patients. IL-10-secreting type 1 regulatory T cells and donor- or recipient-derived tolerogenic dendritic cells will also be used for immunoregulation in clinical trials of kidney transplantation. These cells have antigen-specific immunoregulatory effects. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have good proliferative capacity and immunosuppressive actions independently of major histocompatibility complex; therefore, even third-party MSCs can be stored and used for many patients. Cell therapy using various immunoregulatory cells is now promising for not only reducing side effects of nonspecific immunosuppressants but also induction of immune tolerance, and is expected to contribute to better outcomes in transplant patients.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.95-105
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the knowledge and attitude about organ donation and organ transplantation among the organ donation candidates. Methods: The subjects were 91 candidates who are enrolled in organ transplantation center in general hospitals for organ donation or transplantation. The knowledge and attitude instruments about organ donation and transplantation by Matten, et al. (1991) were utilized. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 14.0: descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The mean score of knowledge was relatively low ($9.61{\pm}3.47$, out of 21.0). The mean score of attitude was relatively high ($4.24{\pm}0.97$, of max score 5). There was significant difference (p<.05) in knowledge according to academic career, registered period as a candidate, the intention to participate in an organ donation education. There was significant difference (p<.05) in attitude according to occupation, family's consent, and recommendation to family. The relationship between knowledge and attitude was not stylistically significant (r=.043, p=.683). Conclusion: These findings suggest that nurses should develop educational programs to increase knowledge and positive attitude toward the organ donation and transplantation.