• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.844-853
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• 1990

We have performed 27 cases of orthotopic homologous cardiac transplantation using Korean mongrel dogs and one case of sham operation for the evaluation of harmful effect of cardiopulmonary bypass itself on the dog from April, 1989 to June, 1990. Our previous reports have already demonstrated basal hemodynamic and hematologic data on the canine homologous heart transplantation and the fundamental principles of transplantation of the heart. The mean body weight of recipients was 13.2$\pm$1.2kg with a rage of 11 ~ 15kg, and the hemodynamic and hematologic pictures were almost same as the result of previous reports from our hospital, except marked decrease in postoperative platelet count[from 3.18 $\pm$0.80x106/mm3 to 1.41$\pm$0 37x 106/mm3]. Mean survival time was 24.82$\pm$49.40 hours with the longest survival of 264 hours. Donor cardiectomy included coronary vasodilatation with diltiazem, potassium arrest, and the rapid cooling of the heart suspending in the specially designed ice-bath. Median sternotomy provided excellent exposure of the surgical field. 6 \ulcorner0 prolene suture was used for the anastomosis of both atrial cuffs and the great arteries, and we found the fact that stenosis, bleeding, thrombus formation around the anastomotic site could be decreased with the use of everted horizontal mattress suture techniques. Immunosuppression was done with a combination of lower dose Cyclosporin-A, Azathioprine, methyl-prednisolone, but our cases still showed too short survival to worry about graft rejection. Still poor was our quality control of experimental animal, we had much difficulties in postmortem evaluation of the dogs. Low cardiac output due to biventricular failure, intractable supraventricular or ventricular tachyarrhythmia, postoperative massive bleeding, sepsis were most frequent findings that could be thought as a cause of death. A few cases showed subendocardial patch hemorrhage in both ventricular cavity or atrial septum at autopsy, suggesting acute subendocardial infarction. Although our team overcome most of the technical problems of orthotopic heart transplantation, we should pile up further knowledges about donor heart preservation, quality control of animal, infection, rejection, the effect of the cardiopulmonary bypass to improve the results.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1985

The intact dental pulps which were free of their tooth bud from adult rat incisors, and oral mucosa were transplanted subcutaneously in homologous rats to study the formation of calcified tissue. The rat were sacrificed after 1,2,3 and 4 weeks following transplantation of dental pulp and oral mucosa. The samples which contained the transplanted and surrounding tissue were fixed in 10% NBF, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, alizarin red S, von Kossa, and alcian blue. Microscopic examinstins revealed as follows: 1. The transplanted oral mucosas were not calcified but tended to form the epithelial cysts. 2. At 1 week after transplantation of dental pulp the calcified structures were appeared at the periphery of the transplantation of dental pulp but weakly reacted to alizarin red S, von Kossa, and alcian blue. 3. At 2 weeks after transplantation of dental pulp the calcified structures began to expand from the periphery to the center of the transplanted dental pulp and occupied the large areas comparatively, and strongly reacted to alizarin red S, and von Kossa stains. 4. At 3 weeks after transplantation of pulp tissue the fibrous components were grown at the periphery of the transplanted pulp tissuesand at 4 weeks a large amount of fibrous tissues were observed. The transplanted pulp tissue tended to form foreign bodies gradually.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 1999

배경: 여러 가지 다양한 원인에 의해 기도 협착이 초래된 경우, 단단문합이 가능한 병변을 제외하고는, 기관을 대치할 수 있는 여러 가지 대용물이 고려되고 임상에서도 이용되고 있으나 아직 만족스러운 결과는 보고되고 있지 않다. 이러한 이유로 비가역적 손상을 받은 다른 장기 \ulcorner마찬가지로 기관의 이식술이 고려되고 공여 기관의 자원의 제한으로 인하여 장기간 기관의 보관이 필요하게 되었다. 이에 쥐를 이용한 기관의 이소이식술을 통하여 기관 이식의 임상 적용 가능성 및 초냉동 보관을 통한 장기간 보관의 실험 모델의 정립 및 형태학적 측면에 대한 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 30마리의 Wistar쥐에서 60개의 기관 절편을 취득하여 20마리의 Wistar쥐와 40마리의 Sprague Dawley쥐들의 복부 복강내에 이소 이식하였다. 이식 동물 대상에 따라 실험군은 모두 6개의 군으로 나누었다. I, II, III군은 기관 절편을 취득후 곧바로 이식한 군들이며, IV, V, IV군은 기관 절편을 1개월간 -196$^{\circ}C$에서 초냉동 보관시킨 다음 이식한 군들이다. I군과 IV군은 동인자형 대조군으로 이식 대상 쥐는 공여 쥐와 같은 Wistar쥐였으며 면역억제제를 투여하지 않았다. II군과 V군은 이인자형 이식군으로 모두 Sprague-Dawley쥐로서 면역억제제를 투여하지 않았고, III군과 VI군도 마찬가지로 이인자형 이식군이었으나 면역억제제를 투여하였다. 모든 쥐는 이식술후 28일째 절명시키고 이소 이식된 기관 절편을 분리하여 조직학적 검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 기관 내강 및 상피 세포의 변화는 초냉동 보관의 시행 유무와는 차이가 없었으며, 면역억제제의 투여 유무에 따라 현저한 차이가 관찰되었다(p<0.01). 면역억제제를 투여하였던 III군과 VI군의 경우 기관 내강이 잘 유지되어 있었고 정상 상피 세포의 관찰이 가능하였으나, 나머지 군의 대부분의 기관절편에서 기관 내강이 섬유 조직의 증식에 의해 거의 폐쇄되어 있었고, 상피세포의 소실 및 상피하 조직의 관찰이 힘들었다. 이러한 기관 내강의 섬유 조직의 증식은 폐이식술과 관련된 폐색성 세지관지염의 병리 소견과 유사하였다. 결론: 쥐 기관의 초냉동 보관후의 이소 이식술시 적절한 면역억제제의 투여로 기관 내강 및 기관 상피세포가 잘 유지됨을 알 수 있어, 보다 장기간의 기관 보관이 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 초냉동 보관의 시행 여부와는 상관없이 면역억제제를 투여하지 않은 군에서 폐색성 모세기관지염과 비슷한 양상의 기관 내강의 섬유조직 과잉 증식 및 기관 상피세포의 소실 등이 관찰되었다. 쥐와 같은 소동물에서의 이러한 시도는 폐이식술과 관련된 어려운 문제중의 하나인 폐색성 모세기관지염의 병인, 예방 및 치료를 위한 연구에 있어 좋은 실험 모델이 될 수도 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.155-166
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• 1969

Heterotopic abdominal homograft of canine heart was carried out in 20 pairs of dogs. Of these 12 cases were subjected as a control and 8 were subjected to immunosuppressive group. The dosage of immunosuppressive agent was 5mg/kg/day of Imuran [Azathioprine] for 3 days preoperatively, 10mg/kg on operative day and 5mg/kg/day postoperatively. For reducing the metabolic demand, the donor heart was preserved in 4degree heparinized saline solution for approximately I4 minutes. In the most of the cases, transplantation was performed with the technique of end-to-side aorto-aortic anastomosis and end-to-side pulmonary artery-inferior vena cava anastomosis at the infrarenal portion. Five out of 20 grafted dogs were survived more than one day. The longest survived 18 days in the control group and survive more than 60 days in the treated group. The survival cases were 3 out of 8[37. 5%] in the group of dogs treated with lmuran and 2`out of 12 [16.6%] in the group of non-treated. A prominent gross findings of the grafted heart was a minimal to moderate degree of dilatation of the heart with or without thrombosis in the cardiac chambers and/or anastomotic site. The case number 10, 15, and 19 showed moderate hypertrophy in grossly. The microscopic findings were as follows; 1. There were early hypersensitive histologic reactions such as interstitial edema, cellular infiltrations and early degenerative changes in the myocardium in the cases of 3 hour survival. 2. In the cases of more than 6 hours survival, organizing thrombosis of myocardial vessels, vasculitis,myocardial necrosis and lymphocyte, plasma cell, round cell infiltrations were noted. In the cases of more than 12 hours survival, the degree of these histologic changes especially in the non-treated group were more intensified than in the treated. 3. In the cases which survived more than one day, so called homograft specific histologic changes were milder in the immunosuppressive group compared with the control. 4. All the host hearts showed no evidence of pathologic findings histologically. Among the homologous canine cardiac transplantation tissue reaction, was milder and suvival time longer in the group treated with immunosuppressive drug.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.349-358
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the Freeze Dried Bone Allograft and Demineralized Bone Matrix on osseous regeneration in the rat calvarial defects. Methods: Eight mm critical-sized calvarial defects were created in the 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 20 animals each. The defects were treated with Freeze Dried Bone Allograft($SureOss^{TM}$), Demineralized Bone Matrix($ExFuse^{TM}$ Gel, $ExFuse^{TM}$ Putty), or were left untreated for sham-surgery control and were evaluated by histologic and histomorphometric parameters following a 2 and 8 week healing intervals. Statistical analysis was done between each groups and time intervals with ANOVA and paired t-test. Results: Defect closure, New bone area, Augmented area in the $SureOss^{TM}$, $ExFuse^{TM}$ Gel, $ExFuse^{TM}$ Putty groups were significantly greater than in the sham-surgery control group at each healing interval(P < 0.05). In the New bone area and Defect closure, there were no significant difference between experimental groups. Augmented area in the $ExFuse^{TM}$ Gel, $ExFuse^{TM}$ Putty groups were significantly greater than $SureOss^{TM}$ group at 2weeks(P < 0.05), however there was no significant difference at 8 weeks. Conclusions: All of $SureOss^{TM}$, $ExFuse^{TM}$ Gel, $ExFuse^{TM}$ Putty groups showed significant new bone formation and augmentation in the calvarial defect model.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1042-1045
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• 1999

Background: Recently, open heart surgerys using homograft are progressively increasing in complex cardiac anomalies, and even though the use of homograft tissues harvested from hearts of transplant recipients and brain-death patients are allowed and their use is increasing, the supply of homograft tissue is very limited. Material and Method: The large diameter homografts are difficult to apply directly for RVOT reconstruction of small neonatal and infant hearts due to the size mismatching. Therefore, were surgically down-sized the large diameter tricuspid homograft into bicuspid conduits by means of a longitudinal incision of the oversized homograft, excision of one cusp, and oversewing of the“Bicuspid homograft”wrapped around a Hega dilator of the appropriate size. Result: 3 patients(Male 1, Female 2: tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia), ranging in age from 5 months to 4 years and ranging in weight from 5.5Kg to 12.95Kg underwent reconstruction of the RVOT with bicuspid conduits obtained by appropriate tailoring from large-diameter homografts. The mean follow-up period was 4.3 months(range, 2 to 6 months). There were no complications related to the homograft tissues. Conclusion: In the short term follow-up, the bicuspid homografts provided good competence and excellent hemodynamics although a long term follow-up is needed to assess the functions of the bicuspid homografts in RVOT. We believe this technique may be a more effective alternative than the use of synthetic conduits when the use of an appropriate-sized homograft is not possible.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.885-891
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• 1995

In order to test the hypothesis that the pulmonic valve, when used to replace the aortic root as a pulmonary autograft, will remain a viable anatomical structure and will grow and develop normally along with the host, we performed aortic valve replacement with the pulmonary autograft in 15 neonatal piglets. The weight of the donor was 9.3 $\pm$ 0.2 kg, the recipient 9.6 $\pm$ 0.3 kg. Measured diameters of pulmonic annulus were 14 $\pm$ 0.2 mm for autograft and 14.2 $\pm$ 0.2 mm for pulmonary artery homograft. Operation was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermia [20oC at low flow perfusion [70 ml/kg/min . The mean operation time was 227 $\pm$ 10 min., bypass time 152$\pm$ 7.6 min. and aortic cross clamp time 73$\pm$ 4.6 min.. 9 piglets survived more than 12 hours. One survived 12 days and died of pneumonia and the latest one survived in good condition and sacrificed at postoperative 6th week for cardiac catheterization and pathologic examination that revealed the viability and growing of the pulmonary autograft. Currently we are able to complete the operation with good preservation of cardiac function, and our postoperative care has evolved to the extent that we are now confident enough of having an acceptable percentage of long term survivors to undertake a definite study in this regard.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

Allograft cardiac valves have been used for over 30 years to replace diseased cardiac valves, reconstruct right or left ventricular outflow tract. With increasing its requirement, the establishment of a viable bank capable of maintaining the viability of graft over a prolonged period would be desirable. The method for determining the viability of allograft by metabolic assay technique using radiolabeled aminoacids has been used recently. An experimental study was done for evaluation of viability of cardiac allograft which was preserved for 14 days at 4oC in nutrient medium[fresh preservation] by metabolism assay technique using 3H-glycine. Also, the effectiveness of low concentration antibiotic solution[CLPV] for sterilization was evaluated. The effectiveness of CLPV solution for sterilization of allograft was perfect. Pre-treatment cultured organisms were not cultured after treatment at all in every cases. The viability of allograft after sterilization was reduced to 66.4%[aortic wall], 74.7%[pulmonary wall], 76.3%[aortic valve], 67.9%[aortic wall]. And after the fresh preservation for 14 days, the viability was reduced to 14.7%, 18.5%, 17.7%, 19.0%, respectively.In conclusion, viability of allograft was reduce to 71.3[66.4-76.3]% after sterilization and 17.5[14.7-19.0]% after fresh preservation. And sterilization effect of CLPV solution was satisfactory.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 1998

배경: 광범위한 기관의 병변시 이를 절제하고 기관을 대체시킬 수 있는 이상적인 대치물질로 현재 많이 연구되고 있는 기관의 초냉동보관 동종이식편의 상피세포 및 연골조직의 생육성 유지와 항원성의 변화를 토끼 기관을 이용하여 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법: 토끼 45마리를 각각 15마리씩 3개의 군으로 나누어 1군은 자가 이식술을 시행하였고 2군은 초냉동보관하지 않은 동종이식편으로 기관 대치술을 시행하였으며 3군은 영하 196$^{\circ}C$에서 1달간 보관한 초냉동보관 동종이식편으로 경부기관 정위치에 이식수술을 시행하였다. 수술 후 7일, 14일, 30일 후에 각군 당 5마리씩 무작위로 선별하여 기관 이식편의 조직학적 검사를 시행하여 상피세포 및 연골조직의 생육성 및 거부반응 정도를 조사하였다. 결과: 상피세포 재생정도에 있어서 7일째에는 세 군간에 차이가 없었으나 14일과 30일에는 1군에서 2군과 3군에 비해 상피세포 재생정도가 좋았다. 2군과 3군에서는 차이가 없었다. 수술 후 7일째까지 거부반응은 2군과 3군 모두에서 거의 나타나지 않았으나 14일과 30일째에는 7일째에 비해 2군과 3군 모두에서 통계학적으로 유의하게 거부반응이 많이 나타났다(P<0.05). 3군에 있어서 2군에 비해 거부반응이 적었으나 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다. 모든 경우에 연골세포는 생육성을 유지하고 있었으며 거부반응도 없었다. 결론: 1달 동안 초냉동보관 된 기관의 동종이식편은 상피세포와 연골의 생육성을 유지할 수 있으며 이는 초냉동보관 기관 동종이식편이 기관 대체물질로 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 초냉동보관으로 항원성을 완전히 없앨 수는 없으며 따라서 거부반응을 더욱 더 줄일 수 있는 방법에 대한 연구가 계속되어야겠다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1095-1101
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• 2016

Ginsenoside Rg1 is a natural compound with various efficacies and functions. It has beneficial effects on aging, diabetes, and immunity, as well as antioxidant and proliferative functions. However, its effect on porcine embryo development remains unknown. We investigated the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the in vitro development of preimplantation porcine embryos after parthenogenetic activation in high-oxygen conditions. Ginsenoside treatment did not affect cleavage or blastocyst formation rates, but did increase the total cell number and reduced the rate of apoptosis. In addition, it had no effect on the expression of four apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer, B-cell lymphoma-extra large, Caspase 3, and tumor protein p53) or two metabolism-related genes (mechanistic target of rapamycin, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B), but increased the expression of Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), indicating that it may increase glucose uptake. In summary, treatment with the appropriate concentration of ginsenoside Rg1 ($20{\mu}g/mL$) can increase glucose uptake, thereby improving the quality of embryos grown in high-oxygen conditions.