• BMB Reports
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.257-262
• /
• 2017

The subcellular localization of Bax plays a crucial role during apoptosis. In response to apoptotic stimuli, Bax translocates from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, where it promotes the release of cytochrome c to the cytoplasm. In cells infected with HSV-1, apoptosis is triggered or blocked by diverse mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrate how HSV-1 ICP27 induces apoptosis and modulates mitochondrial membrane potential in HEK 293T cells. We found that ICP27 interacts with $14-3-3{\theta}$ which sequesters Bax to the cytoplasm. In addition, ICP27 promotes the translocation of Bax to the mitochondria by inhibiting the interaction between $14-3-3{\theta}$ and Bax. Our findings may provide a novel apoptotic regulatory pathway induced by ICP27 during HSV-1 infection.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 1986

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of Down's syndrome in Korea. For this study, selected were 92 patients who were diagnosed as Down's syndrome by the chromosomal analyses, among 115 patients who were supected of Down's syndrome and referred to the Cytogenetic Laboratory, Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Seoul National University, for 2 years from January 1984 to December 1985. Among 92 patients with Down's syndrome 83 (90.2%) had G-trisomy, 4 (4.3%) had translocation, and 2 (2.2%) had mosaicism of normal and G-trisomic cell lines. Two patients of the remaining 3 had both G-trisomic and translocation, 47, XX, t (1:21) (p32:q22), +21, 47, XX, t (9:11) (q34:q14), +21. The remaining 1 patient had 47, XY, +mar.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2005

Cobrotoxin, a venom of Vipera lebetina turanica, is a group of basic peptidescomposed of 233 amino acids with six disulfide bonds formed by twelve cysteins. NF-kB is activated by subsequent release of inhibitory IkB and translocation of p50. Since sulfhydryl group is present in kinase domain of p50 subunit of NF-kB, cobrotoxin could modify NF-kB activity by protein-protein interaction. We therefore examined effect of cobrotoxin on NF-kB activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated Raw 264.7 mouse macrophages. Cobrotoxin suppressed the LPS and SNP-induced release of IkB and p50 translocation resulted in inhibition of DNA binding activity of NF-kB. Inhibition of NF-kB resulted in reduction of the LPS and SNP-induced production of inflammatory mediators NO and PGE2 generation. The inhibitory effect of cobrotoxin on the NF-kB activity were blocked by addition of reducing agents dithiothreitol and glutathione. These results demonstrate that cobrotoxin inhibits activation of NF-kB, and suggest that pico to nanomolar range of cobrotoxin could inhibit the expression of genes in the NF-kB signal pathway.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 1995

Morphology, chromosome and transmission of potato virus Y(PVY) of the green peach aphid populations collected from tobacco fields were examined. Based on the morphological characteristics, especially values of linear discriminant functions and length of ultimate rostral segment, 8 green peach aphid clones with different color morphs could be divided into two groups, namely Myzus persicae and M. nicotianae, according to the proposal by Blackman in 1987. The red (RED)-, Brown (BRN)- and green-colored (GR1, GR2) aphid clones belonged to the M. nicotianae type, while the pale green (PG1, PG2, PG3) and dark brown (DBR) clones to the M. persicae type. The karyotype of the pale green-colored clone (PG1, M. persicae type) appeared normal and was 2n=12 with no indication of chromosomal translocation. On the contrary, in the green-colored aphid clone (GR1, M. nicotianae type), translocation and dissociation of autosome 3 were often found, having karyotype of 2n=13. Both of the above aphid clones transmitted PVY-VN to tabacco plants (cv. Burley 21), but the GR1 clone had higher transmissibility than the PG1 clone.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.519-524
• /
• 2014

We have previously shown that 2,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS), a trans-stilbene analogue, induces apoptosis in human cancer cells. However, the detailed mechanisms of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis induced by TMS are not fully understood. In the present study, the possible roles of annexin A5 in TMS-mediated apoptosis were investigated in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of annexin A5 was strongly increased in TMS-treated cells. TMS caused a strong translocation of annexin A5 from cytosol into mitochondria. Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis clearly showed that TMS induced translocation of annexin A5 into mitochondria. TMS increased the expression and oligomerization of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) 1, which may promote mitochondria-dependent apoptosis through disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. When cells were treated with TMS, the levels of Bax, and Bak as well as annexin A5 were strongly enhanced. Moreover, we found that the cytosolic release of apoptogenic factors such as cytochrome c, or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in mitochondria was markedly increased. Annexin A5 depletion by siRNA led to decreased proapoptotic factors such as Bax, Bak, and annexin A5. Taken together, our results indicate that annexin A5 may play an important role in TMS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis through the regulation of proapoptotic proteins and VDAC1 expression.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.431-436
• /
• 2020

In this study, diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was investigated for its potential effect on the gene expression and production of airway MUC5AC mucin. The human respiratory epithelial NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with diclofenac for 30 min and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), for the following 24 h. The effect of diclofenac on PMA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway was also investigated. Diclofenac suppressed the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucins, induced by PMA through the inhibition of degradation of inhibitory kappa Bα (IkBα) and NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation. These results suggest diclofenac regulates the gene expression and production of mucin through regulation of NF-kB signaling pathway, in human airway epithelial cells.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 1983

The absorption and translocation of strontium-90 by soybean plant, Glycine max, was studied by applying strontium-90 solution on the foliage or on the soil surface right after the first flowering time under greenhouse conditions. The results are summarized as follows. In the foliar application of strontium-90, only a small portion of the radioactivity was translocated to other parts of the plant and most of it remained in the applied leaves, which should cause soil contamination after falling. In the soil surface application of strontium-90, much of the radioactivity was absorbed through the root and translocated to stems and leaves by different patterns depending on the growth stage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.278-285
• /
• 2019

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is widely known for its beneficial effects on human health. To investigate the beneficial effects of polysaccharides from cherry tomato, cherry tomato polysaccharides (CTP) were prepared, the component sugars were analyzed, and the immunomodulatory activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages were assessed. CTP mainly contained arabinose (Ara) and galactose (Gal), suggesting that CTP might be enriched with an arabinogalactan (AG) moiety. The Ara and Gal present in CTP are likely components of AG-II (35.4%), namely $arabino-{\beta}-(3,6)-galactan$. To investigate the immunomodulatory activity of CTP, cytokine levels and iNOS2, COX-2, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ protein levels were analyzed, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation and phagocytosis were observed by immunofluorescence. CTP significantly increased the levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$, MCP-1, and IL-6. CTP also increased iNOS2 and COX-2 expression as well as $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation in RAW 264.7 cells. CTP significantly stimulated phagocytosis activity. These results showed that CTP stimulates macrophage activity, which can boost the innate immune response. CTP with high AG-II content could be used as a prebiotic to strengthen immunity.

• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
• /
• v.59 no.6
• /
• pp.857-864
• /
• 2018

Previous studies have not detected transcripts of the gene encoding anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) in white pomegranates (Punica granatum L.) and suggest that a large-sized insertion in the coding region of the ANS gene might be the causal mutation. To elucidate the identity of the putative insertion, 3887-bp 5' and 3392-bp 3' partial sequences of the insertion site were obtained by genome walking and a gene coding for an expansin-like protein was identified in these genome-walked sequences. An identical protein (GenBank accession OWM71963) isolated from pomegranate was identified from BLAST search. Based on information of OWM71963, a 5.8-Mb scaffold sequence with genes coding for the expansin-like protein and ANS were identified. The scaffold sequence assembled from a red pomegranate cultivar also contained all genome-walked sequences. Analysis of positions and orientations of these genes and genome-walked sequences revealed that the 27,786-bp region, including the 88-bp 5' partial sequences of the ANS gene, might be translocated into an approximately 22-kb upstream region in an inverted orientation. Borders of the translocated region were confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing. Based on the translocation mutation, a simple PCR codominant marker was developed for efficient genotyping of the ANS gene. This molecular marker could serve as a useful tool for selecting desirable plants at young seedling stages in pomegranate breeding programs.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.55 no.12
• /
• pp.627-632
• /
• 2022

Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted protein that acts as an antagonist of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway, which regulates osteoblast differentiation. However, the role of DKK1 on osteoblast differentiation has not yet been fully clarified. Here, we investigate the functional role of DKK1 on osteoblast differentiation. Primary osteoprogenitor cells were isolated from human spinal bone tissues. To examine the role of DKK1 in osteoblast differentiation, we manipulated the expression of DKK1, and the cells were differentiated into mature osteoblasts. DKK1 overexpression in osteoprogenitor cells promoted matrix mineralization of osteoblast differentiation but did not promote matrix maturation. DKK1 increased Ca⁺ influx and activation of the Ca⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II Alpha (CAMK2A)-cAMP response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) and increased translocation of p-CREB1 into the nucleus. In contrast, stable DKK1 knockdown in human osteosarcoma cell line SaOS2 exhibited reduced nuclear translocation of p-CREB1 and matrix mineralization. Overall, we suggest that manipulating DKK1 regulates the matrix mineralization of osteoblasts by Ca⁺-CAMK2A-CREB1, and DKK1 is a crucial gene for bone mineralization of osteoblasts.