• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2019

Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical development which occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood. Going through this period, various parts of an adolescent's body grow at different rates, leading to different body shapes and proportions when compared to adults. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the body sizes and shapes of junior high school boys from ages 13-15 based on body measurement items that are used as the basis for school uniform designs including jackets, shirts, and pants. For this, the study sought the basic data needed to develop body shapes and school uniform patterns for junior high school boys using the data from the 6th Size Korea Survey (2010). Specifically, it provided basic data for the development of school uniform patterns that fit well through the classification of bodies into particular types. After extracting body shape componen a cluster analysis using ANOVA was performed. According to the factor analysis conducted to determine body shape components, 5 factors were obtained as follows: Factor 1: bulk and horizontal size, Factor 2: body height and length, Factor 3: shoulder shape and length, Factor 4: characteristics of horizontal size, Factor 5: shape of the upper body with a variance of 82.62%. To classify junior high school boys' body shape was determined using various characteristics, and a cluster analysis was performed with the variables obtained by the factor analysis. For this, body shapes were classified into 3 different types: Type 1 accounted for 33.4%, with a total of 463 subjects. This type was a tall, long body individual with the smallest bulk and size. Type 2 accounted for 22.7%, with a total of 315 subjects. This type was large in bulk and horizontal size, but the lowest in height and length. Type 3 accounted for 43.9%, with a total of 610 subjects. This type was close to average in terms of horizontal size, length, and height. To develop well-fitting school uniforms for junior high school students, there should be further studies on changes in body shape and their associated causes. The study results will be available as basic data for comparing branded school uniform patterns for junior high school boys and developing school uniform patterns based on body shape, using 3D virtual clothing simulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the influence of flow conditions of a boundary layer on the near-wake of a flat plate. Various attaching positions of tripping wires were selected to change flow conditions on a boundary layer. Laminar, transitional, and turbulent boundary layer conditions at 0.98C from the leading edge are imposed to investigate the evolution of symmetric and asymmetric wake. An x-type hot-wire probe(55P61) is employed to measure at 8 stations of the near-wake region. Measured mean velocity distributions are presented in terms of similarity parameter. It is found that the symmetric wake collapses well to the universal profile in the central part of the wake. However, the universal profile is not suitable in describing an asymmetric wake.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.368-373
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• 2013

Background: Bertolotti's syndrome (BS), a form of lumbago in lumbosacral transitional vertebrae, is an important cause of low back pain in young patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the etiology of low back pain and the efficacy of treatment offered to patients with BS. Methods: All patients of BS Castellvi type1a during a period of 6 months were enrolled in the study. The patients underwent interventional pain procedures for diagnosis and pain relief. Response to the therapy was assessed based on VAS and ODI scores. A 50% decrease in VAS score or a VAS score less than 3 would be considered adequate pain relief. Results: All 20 patients diagnosed with BS during the 6-month observation period had scoliosis. Common causes of back pain were the ipsilateral L5-S1 facet joint, neoarticulation, the SI joint, and disc degeneration. Responses to various interventions for pain relief were different and inconsistent from patient to patient. In particular, responses to interventions for neoarticular pain were generally poor. Conclusions: Pain in patients with BS does not usually respond to interventional pain treatment. A very dynamic treatment approach must be pursued while managing BS patients, and the treatment plan must be individualized at various stages in order to obtain satisfactory pain relief.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.171-180
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• 2010

Amongst society's transitional presuppositions towards the future, population aging is the most critical issue in Korea. Immediate attention to devise a countermove is required. One of the major trends appeared in retirement communities of advanced countries is social integration which has been considered as a promising future direction of elderly housing development. This study aims to find out social integration characteristics and to categorize local engagement types of recent retirement communities through the characteristics of sharing common facilities and programs. Data were collected through mainly web site and literature reviews. Contentent analysis technique was used. Ten CCRC cases were selected through web search using the major key words such as 'intergenerational'. As a result, community engagement types were classified into six categories by the degree of sharing both physical and program resources between the retirement community and local area. This type can be utilized to develop alternative housing and retirement community for the older adults as a new model which activates the resident and vitalizes the retirement community through local engagement by physical and social resources.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.510-514
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• 2004

This research is a preliminary one to investigate transitional problems of actual-cost-date-based contract cost estimation method and suggestions for counteracting them. As parts of it, in this paper, the brief background and methods of the new method and contract costs estimated by introducing it are presented. The results of five projects' contract costs are compared to those estimated by the conventional quantity-based method. Comparison of the both is conducted in terms of total contract costs and contract costs according to type of sub-contracts. Finally, the propositional differences of the later to the former are analysed.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1816-1821
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• 2001

Two-dimensional blow-down type supersonic wind tunnel was designed and built to investigate the transient behavior of the startup of a supersonic flow from rest. The contour of the divergent part of the nozzle was determined by the MOC calculation. The converging part of the nozzle, upstream of fille throat was contoured to make the flow uniform at the throat. The flow characteristics of the steady supersonic condition were visualized using the high-speed schlieren photography. The Mach number was evaluated from the oblique shock wave angle on a sharp wedge with halt angle of 5 degree. The measured Mach number was 2.4 and was slightly less than the value predicted by the design calculation. The initial transient behavior of the nozzle was recorded by a high-speed digital video camera with schlieren technique. The measured transition time from standstill to a steady supersonic flow was estimated by analyzing the serial images. Typical transition time was approximately 0.1sec.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1996

This study was to examine the occurrence of geographic song variation and its pattern of transitional direction among bush warbler populations distributed in Korea and Japan, Bush warbler songs (n=283) of 25 males from Cheongwon and Jeju, Korea, and from Chiba, Japan were analyzed. Chiba individuals had more song types and had the higher dominant frequency and longer duration of the introductory whistle portion than Cheongwon and Jeju individuals. In measure of eight song parameters, the parameters constantly showed a decreasing or increasing tendency. The constant tendency showed direction related with the geographic location from Chiba to Cheongwon. The difference in song parameters between Cheongwon and Chiba populations was the greatest in comparison to that of other sets of geographic populations. The degree of discrimination among the three populations was 92.00%. These results indicate that there is a geographic song variation between bush warblers of Japan and Korea, and that the song transition has been directed from Chiba (Japan) through Jeju to Cheongwon (Korea).

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1993-2001
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• 2006

The piezoelectric bimorph film, which, as an actuator, can generate more effective displacement than the usual PVDF film, is used to control the turbulent boundary-layer flow. The change of wall pressures inside the turbulent boundary layer is observed by using the multi-channel microphone array flush-mounted on the surface when actuation at the non-dimensional frequency $f_b^+$:=0.008 and 0.028 is applied to the turbulent boundary layer. The wall pressure characteristics by the actuation to produce local displacement are more dominantly influenced by the size of the actuator module than the actuation frequency. The movement of large-scale turbulent structures to the upper layer is found to be the main mechanism of the reduction in the wall- pressure energy spectrum when the 700$700{\nu}/u_{\tau}$-long bimorph film is periodically actuated at the non- dimensional frequency $f_b^+$:=0.008 and 0.028. The biomorph actuator is triggered with the time delay for the active forcing at a single frequency when a 1/8' pressure-type, pin-holed microphone sensor detects the large-amplitude pressure event by the turbulent spot. The wall-pressure energy in the late-transitional boundary layer is partially reduced near the convection wavenumber by the open-loop control based on the large amplitude event.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.161-169
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• 2011

International Organization for Standardization has recently published ISO 9001:2008 which is the basic requirements for a quality management system that an organization must fulfil to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products that enhance customer satisfaction and meet applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Not many empirical researches based on ISO 9001:2008 have been done up until now. In this article we outline transitional features for ISO 9000 quality management system (QMS) since its first publication in 1987. In order to effectively maintain ISO 9001:2008 QMS certification and continuously enhance quality management activities, we perform statistical analysis for the minor nonconformity data generated from follow-up audits for subcontractors of shipbuilding industry based on ISO 9001:2008 requirements. A Kruskal-Wallis test is used to show relationships between the minor nonconformity data and three classification criteria: the type of business, the size of business, and the number of follow-up audits.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.53-66
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• 2004

An experimental study was carried out in order to investigate the influence of flow conditions on a boundary layer in the near-wake of a flat plate. The flow conditions in the vicinity of the trailing edge that is influenced by upstream condition history are an essential factor that determines the physical characteristics of a near-wake. Tripping wires attached at various positions were selected to change flow conditions of a boundary layer. The flows such as laminar, transitional, and turbulent boundary layer at 0.98C from the leading edge are imposed in order to investigate the evolution of symmetric and asymmetric wake. An x-type hot-wire probe(55P61) is employed to measure at 8 stations in the near-wake. Test results show that the near-wake for the case of a turbulent boundary layer is relatively insensitive to instability after separating at the trailing edge, and Reynolds shear stress in the near-wake for the case of a turbulent boundary layer collapses due to turbulent kinetic energy.