• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2012

In the present study, we examined whether four grains including adlay (AD), buckwheat (BW), glutinous barley (GB), and white rice (WR) affect the duration of food residence in the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic enzyme activities in rats fed different combinations of the grains. The rats were raised for 4 weeks on a high fat diet based on the American Institute of Nutrition-93 (AIN-93G) diets containing 1% cholesterol and 20% dietary lipids. Forty male rats were divided into four groups and raised for 4 weeks with a diet containing one of the grains. Corresponding to the dietary fiber contents of the experimental grains, gut transit time was shortest in the rats fed GB and increased in the order of BW, AD, and WR. In addition, the accumulated shortest transit time occurred in the GB group. Gut transit time affected weight gain and major organ weight, as it was closely related to the absorption of nutrients. The level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in liver was higher in rats fed WR, AD, BW, and GB, indicating that the other grains decreased oxidative stress in vivo more than WR. Glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase levels in the AD, BW, and GB groups were significantly higher than those in the WR group. In conclusion, reduced colonic transit time has been implicated in reducing the incidence of colon cancer, as evidenced by populations consuming diets rich in fiber. Whole grains such as AD, BW, and GB may contribute to a significant supply of antioxidants to prevent oxidative stress if they are consumed in large amounts.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.311-318
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• 1998

목적: 현재 소화기 증상이 없고 정상적인 배변 양상과 습관을 갖고 있으며 과거력상 만성적인 소화기 계통의 질환이 없었던 정상 성인에게 대장운동과 관계있다고 알려진 천추와 상거허에 침자극하고 대장 통과시간의 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방법: 정상 성인 11명의 침자극전 대장 통과시간을 방사선 비투과성 표지자인 Sitzmarks capsule을 사용하여 우측 및 좌측 대장과 직결장, 전대장 통과시간 등으로 나누어 측정한후 대장의 하합혈인 상거허와 복모혈인 천추에 단순유침 15분 및 전침으로 침자극하고 같은 방법으로 대장 통과시간을 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과: 침자극전의 대장 통과시간 측정은 전대장 통과시간이 $10.60{\pm}12.11$시간 이었으며 우측 및 좌측 대장과 직결장의 통과시간이 각각 $3.92{\pm}7.72,\;3.27{\pm}6.37,\;3.41{\pm}5.57$시간 이었다. 단순 15분 유침후 대장 통과시간의 측정은 전대장 통과시간이 $10.48{\pm}12.35$시간, 우측 및 좌측 대장과 직결장의 대장통과 시간이 각각 $3.72{\pm}7.52,\;3.37{\pm}6.76,\;3.39{\pm}5.84$ 시간으로 유의하지 않았다(P>0.05) 전침 자극후 대장 통과시간의 측정은 전대장 통과시간이 $10.30{\pm}13.21$, 우측 및 좌측 대장과 직결장의 통과 시간이 각각 $3.92{\pm}8.02,\;3.07{\pm}5.41,\;3.31{\pm}5.49$ 시간으로 좌측 대장 통과시간이 유의한(P<0.05) 단축 소견을 보였고 우측, 직결장의 통과시간은 유의하지 않았다(P>0.05). 결론: 본 연구의 결과로서 좌측 대장의 통과시간이 천추와 상거허에 전침 자극시 유의하게 단축되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이것은 전침이 신경계나 체액성 작용에 의해서 신경의 흥분성을 증가시켜 좌측 대장에서 직결장쪽으로 대장 내용물의 이동을 촉진하는 것으로 생각 할 수 있다. 그러나 단순 유침에서는 침자극전 대장 통과시간과 차이를 보이지 않음으로서 모든 침자극이 정상인의 대장운동이 변화를 일으키지는 않는 것으로 생각되었으며 더욱이 전침자극후 좌측 대장외에 우측 대장, 직결장은 단순 유침과 전침자극에 모두 변화가 없었고 전대장 통과 시간의 변화도 유의성이 없어 천추와 상거허의 침자극은 정상인의 대장운동에 영향을 주지는 않을 것으로 사려되었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권5D호
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• pp.739-746
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• 2006

Transit GPS Probe를 이용하여 통행 시간을 산출함에 있어서 Bus Probe는 Taxi에 비해 상대적으로 조밀한 주기당 통행 시간 정보를 생성하였으나, 링크별 근소한 신뢰수준의 차이에도 불구하고 Bus Probe는 Taxi에 비해 평균적으로 낮은 신뢰 수준을 나타냈다. 따라서, 두 수집원의 운행특성을 고려한, 연속적이고 신뢰성 있는 링크통행시간 정보를 생성할 필요성이 있는 바, Bus Probe와 Taxi Probe의 통행시간 비율을 주기당 변수로 생성하여 실시간 (Real-Time) 데이터와 과거(Historical)자료로 보정하는 휴리스틱한 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 본 알고리즘에서 Real-Time 데이터는 4주기, Historical 데이터는 혼잡도별 평균값이 입력변수로 설정되었으며, 각 설정값은 통계적 기법을 기반으로 도출되었다. 알고리즘의 평가는 서울시내 주요 3개축 구간의 20개 링크를 대상으로 6시간의 실측자료와 동일주기 Transit GPS 데이터의 신뢰도를 사용하였다. 알고리즘 적용 결과 대상링크의 전체평균 신뢰도(71.45%)가 향상되었고, 수집원간 단순 합성한 기존 방법에 비해 모든 링크에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.177-186
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• 1994

Bioadhesive microcapsules of cephalexin, using Eudragit RS/RL coated with polycarbophil or carbopol, were evaluated biopharmaceutically. The GI transit of microcapsules in rats was studied. Bioadhesive microcapsules coated with polycarbophil or carbopol were shown to have substantially longer GI transit time than Eudragit RS/RL microcapsule. The delay in transit time was due to bioadhesion of the polymer to the mucin-epithelial cell surface which was clearly observable on animal autopsy. Plasma drug levels in rabbits showed that bioadhesive microcapsules resulted in a longer duration of action and greater bioavailability than other microcapsule or drug powder. Thus, the principle of bioadhesion can significantly improve therapy, due to a reduced rate of gastric emptying, an increase in contact time, and the intimacy of contact of the drug with the absorbing membrane.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

Current scintigraphic tests of gastrointestinal motor function provides relevant pathophysiologic information, but their clinical utility is controversial. Many scintigraphic methods are developed to investigate gastrointestinal motility from oral cavity to colon. These are esophageal transit scintigraphy, oropharyngeal transit study, gastric emptying test, small bowel transit time measurement, colon transit study and gastroesopahgeal reflux scintigraphy. Scintigraphy of gastrointestinal tract is the most physiologic and noninvasive method to evaluate gastrointestinal motility disorders. Stomach emptying test is regarded as a gold standard in motility study. Gastrointestinal transit scintigraphy also has a certain role in assessment of drug effect to GI motility and changes alter therapy of motility disorders. Scintigraphy provides noninvasive and quantitative assessment of physiological transit throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and it is extremely useful for diagnosing gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. This article reviews the current procedures, indications, significance and guidelines for gastrointestinal motility measurements by scintigraphy.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2007

This paper proposed an analyzable parameter and its analytic method to provide more accurate information than currently employed 4 channels system which uses pulse wave velocity (PWV) information of the volume pulse wave measured from 4 arterial channels for the characterization of arterial vessel. In order to verify the volume pulse waves on 4 sites were simultaneously acquired subjects aged from 12 to 81 years old. and the proposed parameters were extracted from time (UT) was then compared with blood pressure. Then, the regression analyses were done relationships among the proposed parameter and others, such as aging, pulse transit time pressure (BP). The followings are the results of linear regression analysis of the proposed parameter for total 50 normal subjects. We selected any two subjects (58 years and 27 years) and measured PPG (photoplethysmogram) and BP of before and after exercise. The coefficient of correlations between BP and UT observed was -0.928 for 50 years subject, and -0.922 for 20 years subject. For total 50 normal subjects, in case of correlation between the pulse transit time and BP, the result showed -0.170 on left side and -0.233 on right side, and the coefficient value of correlation between the pulse transit time and UT was -0.607 on left side and -0.510 on right side. UI is strongly correlated with the pulse transit time than BP. Hence, we believe that the proposed parameter is related with the index of arterial stiffness.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제23권58호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2000

This paper concerns the location of the transit point between adjacent loops and guide direction of loops in the tandem configuration manufacturing system. The tandem configuration has been used to solve control problems like the vehicle dispatching and traffic control. The transit point between loops needs to deliver the parts from one loop to another. The location of transit point between adjacent loops and direction of loops must be determined to minimize the total travel time of parts in the manufacturing system. The model formulation is developed, a numerical example is shown.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 1988

Gastro-intestinal mortility and transit time of barium sulfate after electroacupuncture were investigated in normal dogs and administration of xylatine in dogs. Electroacupuncture was performed with a current of 1.5 volt and 20 Hz at the acupoints of Tsu San Li(right(+) left(-) in dogs for 30 minutes. The results were as follows: 1. After electroacupuncture stimnlation in normal dogs, rates of stomach contractions was not changed, but amplitudes of stomach motility was markadly increased. The electroacupuncture stimulation tasted about 60 minutes after the end of electroacupuncture. 2. The stomach contractions was markedly increased, while the amplitudes of stomach motility was sligltly decreased by the administration of xylazine in dogs. 3. The rates of stomach contractions and amplitudes of motility were markedly increased after administration of xylazine in the electroacupuncture stimulated dogs. 4. Gastric emptying time o barium sulfate after electroacupuncture stimulation in dogs was highly significantly decreased compared with that of normal dogs(p < 0.01). 5. Small bowel transit time of barium sulfate after electroacupuncture stimulation in dogs was highly significantly decreased compared with that of normal dogs (p < 0.01). 6. Gastroduodenal transit time of barium sulfate after administration of xylazine following electroacupuncture stimulation dogs was blighty significantly decreased compared to that of dogs dosed with xylazine (p< 0.01). 7. Small bowel transit time of barium sulfate after administration of xylazine following electroacupuncture stimulation dogs markedly decreased compared to that of dogs dosed with xylazine (p < 0.05).

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 1995

The author performed radionuclide esophageal transit studies(RETS) with liquid and solid boluses using the same day protocol in 90 normal controls and 164 patients with various primary esophageal motility disorders who were diagnosed by manometric criteria and clinical courses. The authors calculated mean esophageal transit time(MTT) and mean residual retention(MRR) in each of the liquid and solid studies, and classified time-activity curve(TAC) patterns. The normal criteria of RETS with liquid bolus were MTT<24 sec, MRR<9%, and the TAC pattern that showed rapid declining slope and flat low residual(Type 1). The normal criteria of RETS with solid bolus were MTT<35 sec, MRR<9% and TAC of type 1. With these normal criteria, the sensitivity and the specificity of the liquid study were 62.2 % and 97.8%, respectively. The sensitivity increased to 75.4% with the solid study. The author also found that the RETS was highly reproducible. The achalasia typically showed no effective emptying of both liquid and solid boluses during the whole study period, and was well differentiated by its extremely long transit time and high retention from the other motility disorders. The diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) and nonspecific esophageal motility disorder(NEMD) showed intermediate delay in transit time and increased retention. In the groups of hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter(LES), hypotensive LES and nutcracker, there noted no significant difference with the normal control group in terms of MTT and MRR. The DES and NEMD could be more easily identified by solid studies that showed more marked delay in MTT and increased MRR as compared with the liquid study. In conclusion, esophageal scintigraphy is a safe, noninvasive and physiologic method for the evaluation of esophageal emptying.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.749-750
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• 2012