• 무역상무연구
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• 제29권
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• pp.197-223
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• 2006

Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) is the first legislative attempt in the world that deals with transaction of digital information. This however gave rise to endless controversies and as of February 10, 2003, its life as the uniform law has expired. There are four kinds of relationships that UCITA regulates for the entities involved in information trading namely, 1) Relationship between licenser and licensee 2) The triangle relationship between dealers, end-user and publisher 3) Relationship between information right transferor and transferee 4) Relationship between financier, licenser and licensee. Amongst these, the most significant one is the triangle relationship amongst the publisher, commonly known as the licenser in the mass market, end-user and dealer. At the essence of the relationship is that the dealers is liable to refund the payment for the information regarding the end user if he/she does not agree with the publisher on the license of the common market. Looking at the relationship between license transferor and transferee, the transfer of license may be prohibited but the special contract must be conspicuously carried out. The relationship financier, licenser and licensee is unique to the United States and is rather unfamiliar to us. UCITA has been criticized for preferentially protecting the benefits of licensers especially when it comes to the specific regulations for the relationship. Therefore, it is not advisable to blindly accept UCITA regulations. However, UCITA does have components that we can utilize in formulating our own digital information trade regulations, save its proprietary nature as an American law and its preferential treatment for licensers.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.845-848
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• 2005

Technology transfer (TT) has been defined as the shared responsibility between the source and the destination for ensuring that technology is accepted and at least understood by someone with the knowledge and resources to apply and/or use the technology. The adoption of TT in construction industries is necessary for economic growth to occur in developing countries such as Thailand. This process should provide numerous benefits for the host sector in areas such as increased productivity, enhancement of product quality, cost savings, improvements in market share and entry to new markets. However, there are many factors, which may impact on the TT process and its subsequent outcomes for Thai construction firms and individuals, including, the transfer environment, learning environment, transferor characteristics and transferee characteristics. The performance and interaction of these enablers will influence the degree of value added to the local construction sectors in areas such as economic advancement, knowledge advancement and project performance. This paper presents a conceptual framework for international TT that accommodates the numerous factors believed to impact on the processes effectiveness. Through a Pilot Study, where 27 industry professionals from Thailand were interviewed, the significant factors which impact on the TT process have been identified along with the strength of interrelationship between individual and groups of factors. Future research seeks to target a greater sample of respondents with the view to validate the conceptual model and apply it on a number of large Thai projects where international TT was incorporated into the project agreement.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제43권
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• pp.297-336
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• 2009

In modern industrial society carriage of dangerous goods by sea becomes more increasing than ever before. Dangerous goods are required for special care and handling in that shipment of dangerous goods could affect safety of the vessel and other cargoes. It is also true that dangerous goods could be used as a means of terrorism. his article investigates allocation of risk and liabilities between parties involved in the carriage of dangerous goods by sea. More specifically, this study examines principles of strict liability of the shipper in shipment of dangerous goods with some limitations based upon recent cases. Furthermore this article investigates the issues on identity of shipper who bears strict liability to the carrier where there exist actual or documentary shipper other than the contractual shipper. Lastly, whether it is reasonable that the transfer of strict liability to the transferee, who does not have opportunity to verify dangerous nature of the goods before shipment, by endorsing bills of lading will be discussed critically.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2018

South Korea has had a rich history of independent thinking and self-reliance since the Korean Conflict. The war left the country the need for infrastructures in a variety of fields. Instead of relying on aid from foreign nations, however, key figures within South Korea's borders fathered the nation's first government-funded scientific and engineering institute, the Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST). Even though KIST encountered numerous obstacles, its commitment to research and development (R&D) would ultimately allow it play a crucial role in the rebuilding of the country. As a result of the institute's success, South Korea was able to move forward economically to become a beacon of hope for developing nations around the world.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.221-252
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• 2010

본 논문은 기술거래 네트워크와 기술거래 관리의 개념을 제시하고 기술도입자가 도입하고자 하는 기술을 제공하는 최적의 기술제공자를 선택하는 방법론을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 기술거래 네트워크는 기술제공자, 기술마케터, 기술도입자로 구성되며 기술거래 관리는 기술평가, 기술거래, 기술사업화의 단계로 이루어진다. 기술거래 네트워크에서 기술의 연관도와 기술도입비용의 최적화방법을 통해 기술도입자가 도입하고자 하는 기술을 제공하는 최적의 기술제공자를 선택하는 방법론을 제시하며 이 방법은 기술도입자가 기술을 선택하는데 있어서 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다. 기술제공자 선택 방법론은 기술평가 프로세스와 기술제공자 선택 프로세스로 구성된다. 기술평가 프로세스에서는 기술성에 중점을 둔 새로운 개념의 기술평가방법을 개발하여 기술연관도를 정량적으로 산출하였고 기술제공자 선택 프로세스에서는 기술도입에 따른 제반비용을 정의한 후 기술연관도가 최대가 되고 기술도입비용이 최소가 되는 수리모형을 목표계획법을 이용하여 설계하였다. 기술도입자의 요구조건에 대한 성능을 효과적으로 분석하기 위하여 하위기술 별로 방향성을 부여하여 기술네트워크를 각각 구성하였고 이를 효과적으로 목표계획법에 반영하였다. 사례분석에서는 차기전차 기술제공자 선택 사례를 분석하였다.

• 법제연구
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• 제44호
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• pp.655-688
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• 2013

노무용역 제공사업의 근로자들은 거의 특별한 기능이 필요하지 않는 단순노동에 종사하는 사람들이다. 대부분 노동법의 기본원리상 금지된 근로자공급 사업에 가까운 전근대적인 고용형태로 일하는 경우가 많고 그만큼 근로조건이 나쁘고 고용불안이 일상화되어 있다. 일자리가 없어진 것이 아니라 다른 사업자에게 넘어가는 것뿐인데 근로자나 근로조건만 바꾸어 이윤을 극대화 하는 기업의 행위는 규범적으로 정당화되기 어렵다. 기업변동에 수반되는 일자리의 상실에 대한 두려움은 인격의 존엄성을 모독할 수 있는 심각한 위협요소 중의 하나이다. 이런 점에서 유럽지침의 보호범위를 넘어서 노무용역 제공자의 변경의 경우까지 고용과 근로조건을 보호하고자 한 영국의 사례는 입법모델로서 시사하는 바가 많다. 영국은 법원과 의회가 고용승계의 요건인 사업의 동일성여부 판단기준의 범위를 확대함으로써 EU 지침과는 다른 태도를 취하였다. 특히 2006년 기업이전(고용보호)법은 아웃소싱을 포함한 '서비스공급주체의 변경'이라는 사업이전의 방식을 고용승계의 대상으로 명문화 하였다. 신설된 서비스 공급주체의 변경에는 외부위탁, 노무용역 공급업체의 변경, 외부 위탁한 업무를 다시 내부로 돌리는 내부화의 세 가지 형태가 구체적으로 열거되었다. EU 법에서는 사업이전이란 개념의 확대 해석에 의하여 이 문제의 해결을 시도한 반면 영국은 입법으로 이를 명확히 하고 그 보호범위를 확대하였다. 한국도 안정적인 일자리와 인간다운 근로조건의 보장이라는 헌법적 가치의 실현이 그것을 가장 필요한 사람들을 외면하지 않도록 적극적인 입법 노력이 필요하다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.201-215
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• 2002

In this paper, we use a structural equation model to diagnose success factors on commercialization of information and communication technology considering the characteristics of commercialization process in terms of the type of technology, technology provider and technology receiver. The results of our study indicated the following. The transferor's research ability has significant effects on the commercialization by small businesses with low R&D expenditure to sales ratio, and the business management ability plays an important role in the commercialization by the relatively large (over 100 employees) companies with low R&D expenditure ratio. During the commercialization of the technology independently researched by government run institute or university, the transferee's business management ability is crucial to success. To those companies which run the existing business with high R&D expenditure ratio, their ability to utilize technology is essential. When the independently researched technology is used in the new business, the companies' business management ability and the role of technology transfer center are the important factors on the commercialization. Based on these findings, we suggest some strategies to effectively promote R&D efforts for successful commercialization.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 1993

Automatic transmission of data from the blood analyzer to the request site is one of the most important part in hospital computerization. We have developed a system that transmits data from the arterial blood gas analyzer to the request site automatically In this system HOST computer, FILE server,'LAN(Local Area Network) , 3270 Emulator and bfulti-port card are integrated with 3 blood gas analyzers(NOVA Inc., USA) which are connected to a single multi-port card in a personal computer. When specimen are collected from tramp)inly sites, they are transferee to the laboratory In the Yonsei Cardiovascular Center After analysis, the result is transmitted to the personal computer via serial commnunication between machine and multi-port card using interrupt method. Then, the patient's information (Name, Patient ID No., etc.) is obtained from the HOST computer througth the emulator. The combined data (patient information & lab data) is transmitted to each request site via LAN automatically These results are stored in the File Server for one year and they can be reviewed anytime. Also, it could be used for the various statistics and the flow chart for clinical research. Additionally, we found thal this system reduces the personal labor.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.171-194
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• 2005

The CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading were drafted by the Comite Maritime International(CMI) and related specifically to EDI transfers of negotiable bills of lading. The CMI Rules are contractual in nature and the application of the CMI Rules is strictly voluntary. The method adopted in the CMI Rules to enable negotiation of the rights to cargo in a controlled method is based on the introduction of the ‘Private Key’. The Bolero service will be governed by a multilateral contract called the Bolero Rule Book which specifies the rights and responsibilities of Bolero and its users. The Title Registry and Bolero Bill of Lading provide a fully functional equivalent to the paper bill of lading. The Bolero Bill of Lading can be created, transferred, amended, and surrendered by way of designating to order party, blank endorsement, refusal by the transferee etc. In Japan, through TEDI Project, the RSP Model is introduced as e-trade solution like Bolero's Solution. The RSP Model Solution will be furnished through TC(Trade Chain) Server and RSP(Repository Service Provider) Server. The purpose of this paper is to analyze comparatively the CMI Rules and Bolero Bill of Lading and RSP Model of TEDI and to find the implications in this case study for quick introduction of electronic Bill of Lading.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.177-218
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• 2000

Global Electronic Trading means that trading partners trade each other via Global Electronic Trading Network, that is, global business to business electronic commerce. Recently, where the cargo arrives ahead of the B/L, the importer cannot take delivery of the cargo without the B/L. This situation is referred to as the B/L dilemma. But the BOLERO system will resolve this B/L dilemma. Bolero Project is developing a cross industry utility platform for the secure, electronic transfer of commercial trade information world wide. After the successful testing of an original pilot project, The Bolero Association was formed in 1995 by a group of interested cross industry companies. As a joint venture between SWIFT and TT Club, bolero.net is changing the way the world trades by providing a web-based, paperless mode of commerce that is designed to become a global standard. Bolero International Limited published the first edition of Bolero Rulebook in 1999. The Bolero Rulebook as amended from time to time, governing the relationship between Users and their rights and obligations arising from the Bolero system. The Bolero service will be governed by a multilateral contract called the Bolero Rule Book which specifies the rights and responsibilities of Bolero and its users. The Title Registry and Bolero Bill of Lading provide a fully functional equivalent to the paper bill of lading. The Bolero Bill of Lading can be created, transferred, amended, and surrendered by way of designating to order party, blank endorsement, refusal by the transferee etc. Thus, this study deals with the functions of Bolero Bill of Lading and the problems and solutions in the Bolero Bill of Lading in point of definitions and operation under the Bolero Rulebook.