• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제106권4호
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• pp.497-508
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• 2017

이 연구는 임가의 소득불평등과 양극화의 추이를 살펴보기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 소득불평등도는 지니계수와 엣킨슨 지수를 활용하여 분석하였으며 양극화는 DER 지수를 이용하였다. 그리고 이들 지수들은 임가소득과 함께 이것을 구성하는 하부소득인 임업소득, 겸업소득 그리고 이전소득으로 세분화하여 살펴보았다. 분석결과, 임가의 소득불평등도는 우리나라 전체 가구의 소득불평등도보다 상대적으로 높은 수준으로 분석되었다. 그리고 이전소득을 제외한 임가소득, 임업소득, 겸업소득에 있어서 소득 불평등은 심화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 추세는 양극화에서도 볼 수 있다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.109-120
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• 1996

While theories of portfolio selection have been developed very little is known about how individuals actually go about constructing their asset potfolios. This study investigates empirically the characteristics of household's assets and which factor associated with risky and safe asset amount. Data used in this study consisted of 2,164 households and the statistics employed to analyze the data are univariate procedure Logit analysis and OLS. The results of this study were as follows: Among 2,164 households 505 housholds(23.3%) had risky assets. Average risky asset amount is 8,351,500 won and average safe asset amount is 7,086,900 won. Region education and occupation of household head home ownership transfer and other income and total expenditure had significant effects on either and other income and total expenditure had significant effects on either household having risky asset or safe asset. Financial income transfer and other income and total expenditure had significantly p sitive relation with the risky asset amount. Whereas age and the occupation of household head the sense of economic wellbeing earned financial tranfer and other income and total expenditure had significantly positive relation with safe asset amount.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.211-226
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• 2014

국민연금 노령연금 수급자를 대상으로 소득계층별 차별 사망력과 기대여명을 산출하고, 그 결과를 반영하여 노령 연금 수급자의 수급부담구조를 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 노령연금 수급자의 소득계층에 대한 구분은 생애평균소득을 기준으로 3분위로 세분화하였으며, 사망확률 추정을 위해서 사용된 함수는 고연령 사망확률 추정에 주로 사용되는 gompertz모형을 사용하였다. 산출된 기대여명을 이용하여 소득계층별로 생애 총 연금급여액 규모를 추정함으로서 수익비, 내부수익률 및 후세대 부담전가량 분석의 정확성을 높이는데 기여하였다. 기대여명 추정 결과 60세 남자의 기대여명은 약 23.10년이며, 소득계층별로는 21.69~24.63년의 차이를 보이고 있다. 60세 여자의 기대여명은 약 28.84년이며, 소득계층별로는 27.63~29.81년의 차이를 보이고 있다. 즉 하위소득계층의 기대여명의 경우 소득계층을 통합한 경우의 기대여명보다 1.21~1.41년 낮게 추정되었으며, 상위 소득계층의 경우에는 0.97~1.53년 높게 추정되었다. 산출된 기대여명을 사용하여 수익비를 분석한 결과 하위 소득계층의 경우 약 2.68~4.83% 낮게 분석되었으며 상위 소득계층의 경우에는 2.07~4.98% 높게 분석되었다. 내부수익률은 하위 소득계층의 경우 약 0.00~0.74% 낮고 상위 소득계층의 경우에는 0.03~1.73% 높게 분석되었으며, 후세대 부담전가량은 하위 소득계층의 경우 약 3.00~5.74% 낮고 상위 소득계층의 경우에는 2.53~9.68% 높게 분석되었다. 분석 결과는 노령연금 수급자에 대한 소득계층별 기대여명 추정을 통해 나타난 수급부담구조 분석의 결과로서, 기존의 소득계층별 기대여명을 고려하지 않은 시뮬레이션 분석과는 차별성이 있으며, 소득재분배 효과가 있는 국민연금 노령연금 수급자의 수급 부담구조분석 결과에 대한 대표성을 지닌다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2016

Wholesale beef price is the critical factor for determining Korean native cattle, Hanwoo, farm's income in short-term. Wholesale beef price has seasonality due to high demand in Korean traditional holidays such as Korean thanksgiving day and lunar new year's day. Therefore, it is important to make reproduction and marketing plans for Korean Hanwoo farmers, in order to increase their farm income. However, there is no study available on changes in the expected farm income depending on reproduction and marketing schedules. This study analyzed the expected farm income per head depending on the monthly-based marketing schedules. The analysis was conducted based on the seasonality of wholesale beef price, reproduction efficiency, operating costs, relationship between carcass grade and slaughter age. The result shows that slaughter Hanwoo at the age of 29 months-old in August and January generating the highest expected farm income per head.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2017

Purpose - The structural changes of Korean agriculture are complex due to heterogeneous production processes and farms' features. This study analyzed trends of dualism in Korean agriculture over the period 2000-15 based on farm-level data to clarify the specific trends of dualism in terms of farm income, farm-size, and farm operators' age. From the results of this study, we would be able to understand the features of structural changes in Korean agriculture more profoundly. Research design, data, and methodology - We incorporated farm-level data in South Korea: Agricultural census and Farm household economy survey. As measures of inequality, we used size-weighted quantiles, and normalized Gini coefficients as well as mean and conventional quantiles. The size-weighted quantiles are more robust to changes in the number of small farms, but they are more sensitive to changes in the distribution of farm-size. Thus, they would be more useful to identify trends of dualism of Korean agriculture. Results - The results show that the farmland distribution of crop farms became more skewed and dispersed. However, the herd distribution of livestock farms became more concentrated. To be specific, their mean and 1st quantile increases more rapidly than their size-weighted 2nd quantile and size-weighted 3rd quantile. Gini coefficients of livestock farms regarding their herd distribution decreased by 0.1 on average. In the case of income distribution, the results indicate that the polarization regarding farm household/agricultural/non-agricultural income became more severe. However, we also found that the distribution of transfer income became concentrated continuously. The results imply that transfer income including subsidies would decrease farm income polarization. Lastly, during the study periods, Korean farms were aging over time, and age distribution of them more concentrated. Conclusions - The structure of Korean agriculture has been changing, even though the absolute size of it decreased over time. Land (herd) distribution became more dispersed (concentrated). Inequality regarding agricultural income became more severe, and it made farm household income more polarized even though transfer income would decrease income gaps among farms. Lastly, farms continue to age regardless of farm types and this might affect the structural changes in Korean agriculture in the future.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2011

Korea has experienced a remarkable economic achievement since the 1960s. However, behind this facade of growth and progress, a chronic housing shortage in the capital region, declining owner-occupation, rising housing costs, and polarization in housing conditions between the better-off and the worse-off clearly illustrate the impasse and crisis in housing that Korea now faces. In addition, the IMF crisis and the late global financial crisis shocked the Korean housing market. The Korean government has made significant policy changes to improve housing security for less-privileged groups. In order to achieve housing policy development, the Korean government has tried to employ of advanced countries. What are the benefits(merits) and dangers(demerits) of housing policy transfer between countries? This paper emphasizes that we must recognize about 'differences' rather than 'commonalities' between countries with respect to policy transfer. It also maintains that the government should play a main role as an enabler rather as a provider of 'low-cost' housing.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2023

Objectives: Previous studies have reported that people with disabilities are more likely to be impoverished and affected by excessive medical costs than people without disabilities. Public transfer income (PTI) reduces financial strain in low-income households. This study examined the impact of PTI on catastrophic health expenditures (CHE), focusing on low-income households and households with Medical Aid beneficiaries that contained people with disabilities. Methods: We constructed a panel dataset by extracting data on registered households with disabilities from the Korea Welfare Panel Study 2012-2019. We then used a generalized estimating equation model to estimate the impacts of PTI on CHE. A subgroup analysis was carried out to assess the moderating effects of family income levels and health insurance types. Results: As PTI increased, the odds ratio (OR) of CHE in households that contained people with disabilities decreased significantly (OR, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 0.94; p<0.001). In particular, PTI effectively reduced the likelihood of CHE for low-income households (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.89; p<0.001) and those who received medical benefits (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.89; p<0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights the positive effect of PTI on decreasing CHE. Household income and the health insurance type were significant effect modifiers, but economic barriers seemed to persist among low-income households with non-Medical Aid beneficiaries. Federal policies or programs should consider increasing the total amount of PTI targeting low-income households with disabilities that are not covered by the Medical Aid program.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.1-44
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• 2014

본 논문은 취업자 소득이 전체 가구원의 소득으로 연계되는 과정에서 가구구성을 통해 그 불평등도가 완화되는 양상을 보인다. 주요 불평등 완화 요인들로는 구성원의 추가 소득, 가구 내 소득 공유, 공동소비를 고려할 수 있는데, 그 가운데 소득 공유에 의한 효과가 가장 두드러지는 것으로 추정된다. 핵가족 추세에 따라 1~2인 고연령 가구가 증가하고 있는데, 자녀로부터의 사적이전수입은 미미한 수준에 있어 자녀/부모 간 소득 공유는 제한적인 수준이고, 이는 결과적으로 소득 불평등에 부정적인 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 간단한 가상 추정(counter-factual estimation)에 의하면 자녀/부모 간 사적 이전지출을 통해 노인가구로의 소득 공유효과가 확대될 경우 소득 불평등도 해소에 상당한 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.35-47
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of household characteristics on household expenditures on wedding, funeral, ancestor worship, and 60th birthday anniversary. Data for this study were from the 1996 Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey. OLS regression analysis was used to identify the effect of household characteristics on money spent on family ceremony expenditures. The household income, age of head, education of head, and family size were all significant factors for understanding family ceremony expenditures. The results also indicated that additional income from wife's labor force participation was associated with lesser expenditures on family ceremony, while business income, asset income, and transfer income had no effects on this category. The effect of the third quarter of 1996 was significant on family ceremony expenditures, indication that households spent significantly less for this category in the summer than did in the winter, holding other factors constant.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2023

This study employed the Gini coefficient decomposition analysis to classify and examine fishery household income inequality according to income sources. The raw data from the Fisheries Economic Survey by the National Statistical Office were used for the analysis after equalization according to the recommended method of the OECD. In particular, the Gini coefficient was decomposed by classifying with and without public subsidies, and the contribution, correlation, and marginal effect by income source were presented.As a result of the analysis, the inequality of fishing income and non-fishing income of fishermen was worsening, and the inequality of transfer income was continuously easing. Among them, fisheries subsidies have been analyzed to have the greatest contribution to the Gini coefficient of gross income and the highest relative marginal effect, although distribution inequality has been alleviated. On the other hand, other subsidies, including public pensions, were found to have the opposite contribution, correlation, and marginal effect to fisheries subsidies. The results of this analysis showed that even within public subsidies, the contribution to income redistribution might differ depending on the nature of the subsidy. In addition, in the case of other public subsidies, it can be seen that the transition from selective welfare to universal welfare occurs.