• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation(TENS) after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Methods: The EA for experimental group I (Exp I, n=15) and TENS for experimental group II (Exp II, n=15) was applied from post-injury day(PD) 1 to PD 14 after sciatic nerve injury using low frequency stimulator that gave electrical stimulation(15min/60Hz). In order observe the effect of EA and TENS, this study examined GAP-43 expression in rat lumbar spinal cord at the PD 1, PD 7 and PD 14. In addition, the stride length(SL) and toe out angle(TOA) were measured at the PD 7 and PD 4. Results; Exp I and Exp II had higher GAP-43 immunoreactivity than control group(PD 1, 7, 14). The SL of Exp I and Exp II were significantly higher than control group(PD 7, 14). The TOA of Exp I and Exp II were significantly lower than control group(PD 7, 14). Conclusion: EA and TENS application increased motor nerve recovery and expression of GAP-43 immunoreactivity after sciatic nerve crush injury. Therefore effect of TENS and EA had similar effect on nerve regeneration and functional recovery.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 1989

Pain and pain management have long been items of central concern in dentistry. Although they are given little attention in orthodontics, virtually every patient wearing orthodontic appliances experiences and complains of some extent of pain, and someones have suffered from severe throbbing pain. A form of stimulation-produced analgesia, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive, non-pharmacologic pain control techniques. The clinical application of TENS to orthodontic patients may lead to better patient compliance. And I want to discuss some basic knowledge of this TENS.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.77-87
• /
• 2017

The purpose of This study was to compare the effect of Convergence-Based russian current(RC) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) on pain, muscle strength, function of knee who had a surgical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR). A total of 40 Participants divided into 2 groups, with ACLR, were assigned to russian current group(RCG) or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group(TENSG). Both groups were measured by varieties of tests: visual analog scale(VAS), knee flexion & extension muscle strength, knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score(KOOS), korean lower extremity functional scale(LEFS). Both groups has shown significant changes within the measurements of VAS, Knee Flexion & Extension muscle strength, KOOS and LEFS. The RCG had more significant increase within knee extension muscle strength, LEFS compared to TENSG. By studying this research, both interventions were effective to ACLR patients, moreover, RC was more effective for knee muscle strength and lower extremity function than the TENS.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.164-168
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Flexibility has been considered one of the most important goals in rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with the static stretching technique on the flexibility of hamstrings. Methods: Twenty-four subjects (15 men, 9 women) with limited hamstrings flexibility received three different intervention sessions in random order. The treatment sessions included static stretching (SS), static stretching with motor-level TENS (SS with motor TENS) and sensory-level TENS (SS with sensory TENS). All sessions of SS were performed in the straight-leg raise position for 30 seconds followed by rest for 15 seconds, in repetitions for 10 minutes using a belt. The TENS groups underwent TENS stimulation ($40{\mu}s$, 100 Hz) during the stretching for 10 minutes. Outcome measures were evaluated according to active knee extension (AKE) and recorded before the session and at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 15 minutes after the session. Results: There was significant improvement in hamstrings flexibility within all groups (p<0.05). SS with TENS (both sensory and motor) maintained significant increases in knee extension range of motion until 15 minutes post-treatment. In contrast, the SS-only group maintained significantly increased hamstrings flexibility only until 6 minutes post-treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Improvement in hamstrings flexibility with SS with TENS was maintained longer than with SS-only intervention. Electrical stimulation with stretching may be more effective than SS alone for increased duration of maintained hamstrings flexibility.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.4045-4052
• /
• 2012

The aim of this single blind intervation study was to compare the analgesic effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and interferential currents (IFC) on cold-induced pain in healthy volunteers. Sixteen subjects completed six cycles of the cold-induced pain test. During each cycle pain threshold was recorded as the time from immersion of the subject is hand in cold water to the first sensation of pain and pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings were recorded using visual analogue scales. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive each 50 Hz-TENS, 50 Hz-IFC, 100 Hz-TENS and 100 Hz-IFC. Statistical analysis showed that four interventions elevated the cold pain threshold significantly and the difference between interventions was not simply significant. But, no significant differences were identified in pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings. We conclude that there were no differences in the analgesic effects of the four interventions under the present experimental conditions. But, 50 Hz-IFC has been shown to be more comfortable than other interventions.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 2019

This study examined how the application of silver spike point (SSP) and acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (A-TENS) on acupoints affects blood flow and pain threshold, using laser Doppler blood fluxes and the Commander algometer. Our study included 32 healthy men and women who were randomly divided into the SSP group (n=18) and the A-TENS group (n=14). The pain threshold and blood flow were measured at the Neiguan (PC6) of the Jueyin Pericardium Meridian of the hand. SSP was performed with a 2.8cm electrode at a fixed frequency of 3 Hz for 15 minutes. The change in blood flow and pain threshold after the intervention significantly differed between the two groups (p<0.05). We found that the application of SSP and A-TENS on an acupoint altered their blood flow and pressure pain threshold, with SSP resulting in significantly greater change than A-TENS. Based on these results, the convergence of acupoint and electrical stimulation therapy can be usefully applied as a method for various patients. Continued development of convergence interventions is necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.1207-1212
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) according to frequency and intensity on postural sway distance and velocity. TENS was applied to posterior aspect of the dominant leg with postural sway during one leg stance. Twenty-four healthy participants were measured while standing on a force platform with 5 different stimulation dosages of no TENS, high frequency and high intensity, high frequency and low intensity, low frequency and high intensity, low frequency and low intensity applied in 30 seconds. The five different dosages were performed with vision in random order. The results indicated that TENS dosage in the high frequency and low intensity had a significant decrease in postural sway(p<.05). From these results, we concluded that TENS delivered a high frequency and low intensity enhanced the postural sway in healthy adults. We expect that the postural sway of patients with decreased balance will reduce by application of TENS.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2008

Background and purpose: So far it was reported that acupuncture increased cerebral blood supply and stimulated the functional activity of brain nerve cells. A previous study demonstrated a correlation between LI4-11 electro-acupuncture (EA) and rCBF increase in frontal lobe. However, there remained a need to study further using various controls in acupuncture research. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used as a non-invasive control in acupuncture study. This study was to evaluate the effect of LI4-LI11 TENS on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in normal volunteers using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Methods: In the resting state, $^{99m}Tc-ECD$ brain SPECT scans were performed on 10 normal volunteers (9 males, 1 female, mean age 26.6$\pm$0.5 years; age range from 26 to 27 years). On the other day, 7 days after the resting examination, 15 minute TENS were applied at LI 4 and LI 11 on the right side of the subjects. Immediately after LI4-LI11 TENS, the second SPECT images were obtained in the same manner as the resting state. Significant increases and decreases of regional cerebral blood flow after LI4-LI11 TENS were estimated by comparing their SPECT images with those of the resting state using paired t statistics at every voxel, which were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping with a threshold of p = 0.001, uncorrected (extent threshold: k=100 voxels). Results: TENS applied at right LI4-LI11 increased rCBF in the left somatosensory association cortex (Brodmann area 5, 7). However there was no area where LI4-11 TENS decreased rCBF. Conclusion and suggestions: These results demonstrate that right LI4-LI11 TENS increased rCBF only in corresponding somatosensory association cortex, which was different from the previous results using LI4-11 EA. It is suggested that there be a different mechanism between TENS and EA.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2001

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used widely, but its effects are controversial. This is probably due to the varying intensity and type of pain. We designed a study to assess the effects of the TENS on the RIII nociceptive flexion reflex as the resting pain level and the temporal summation as a repeated, movement related pain in 7 normal volunteer subjects. Methods: High frequency (80 Hz), non-noxious TENS was applied over the left popliteal fossa for 20 minutes. Ipsilateral RIII reflexes induced by single electrical stimulus and temporal summation of pain responses to repeated stimuli (five stimuli at 2 Hz) were recorded before, during (just before stopping), and subsequently at 20 minutes after TENS. Results: R (III) nociceptive flexion reflex activity during and after TENS was more significantly decreased than before treatment. However, the temporal summation threshold was not changed. Conclusions: We conclude that high frequency, non-noxious TENS could be effective on resting pain relief in the same segment but not on the movement related pain.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.538-546
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on muscular strength, pain, range of motion and fear-avoidance in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients. The subjects of this study who received ACLR after arthroscopic injury were divided into two groups: NMES (n=14) and TENS (n=14). Each group received intervention after routine physical therapy. Each electrotherapy intervention was applied regularly for a total of 12 times, 3 times a day (30 minutes) for 4 weeks. The evaluation by intervention method included isokinetic muscle strength in flexion and extension of the knee joint, pain, range of motion of the knee joint, and fear-avoidance beliefs. The results showed significant improvement in pain, range of motion, and fear-avoidance beliefs in both groups (p<0.05). However, there was a significant improvement in isokinetic knee flexion and extension strength only in the NMES group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two electrotherapy methods in muscle strength, pain, range of motion, and fear-avoidance beliefs. These study results suggest that NMES and TENS can be effective intervention methods for pain, range of motion, and fear-avoidance response in patients with ACLR, but to improve muscle strength NMES may be more effective.