• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제39권9호
• /
• pp.1328-1334
• /
• 2010

카놀라유와 대두극도경화유를 기질로 이용하여 저트랜스 스프레드 제조 시에 사용할 수 있는 LTSF을 효소적 interesterification 반응을 이용하여 합성하였고, 제조된 LTSF의 온도별 SFC 함량, 반응 후 TAG 조성의 변화 및 결정형을 살펴보았다. DSC를 이용한 SFC 분석결과, LTSF와 시중에서 유통되는 스프레드로부터 획득한 고체지간에 약 $20{\sim}35^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 유사한 고체지 함량을 보임에 따라 합성된 LTSF는 적합한 물성을 가지는 스프레드 제조 시에 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. LTSF의 지방산 조성은 C18:0 (29.2 wt%), C18:1(41.8 wt%), C18:2(13.3 wt%)가 전체 지방산 조성의 80% 이상 구성되어 있으며, 총 트랜스 지방산(${\Sigma}TFA$)의 함량은 시중 유통 스프레드 고체지보다 훨씬 적은 0.2 wt%로 미량 검출되었다. Sn-2 position에 분포된 지방산 조성은 C18:0(31.5 wt%), C18:1(41.4 wt%), C18:2(12.1 wt%)로 구성되었고, sn-1,3 position에 위치한 지방산 조성도 C18:0(28.1 wt%), C18:1(42.1 wt%), C18:2(13.9 wt%)로 구성되었다. Reversed-phase HPLC 분석결과, 카놀라유는 LOO와 OOO로 구성되어 있었으며, 대두극도경화유는 PSS와 SSS의 주된 TAG 조성을 나타내었다. 두 기질을 사용하여 대량 합성된 LTSF의 반응 전후 TAG 조성을 비교해 보면, LOO와 OOO, SSS는 반응 후 그 수치가 줄어든 반면, SOL과 SOO는 각각 2.3에서 19.4 area%로, 0.5에서 26.4 area%로 증가하였으며, 새로운 TAG로서 POS/PSP와 SOS가 각각 12.6 area%와 16.5 area% 정도 생성되었다. LTSF의 결정형태를 알아보기 위하여 polarized light microscopy와 x-ray diffraction 분석을 수행한 결과, 결정크기는 작고 조밀하여 부드러운 조직감을 나타낼 것으로 생각되며 일반적으로 마가린이 $\beta$'형일 때 바람직하다고 보고 된 바와 같이, 합성한 LTSF은 $\beta$형도 공존하지만 $\beta$'형이 우세하게 나타내어 스프레드의 물성에 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.234-239
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of forage level and oil supplement on selected strains of rumen bacteria believed to be involved in biohydrogenation (BH). A continuous culture system consisting of four fermenters was used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with a factorial arrangement of treatments, with four 10 d consecutive periods. Treatment diets were: i) high forage diet (70:30 forage to concentrate (dry matter basis); HFC), ii) high forage plus oil supplement (HFO), iii) low forage diet (30:70 forage to concentrate; LFC), and iv) low forage plus oil supplement (LFO). The oil supplement was a blend of fish oil and soybean oil added at 1 and 2 g/100 g dry matter, respectively. Treatment diets were fed for 10 days and samples were collected from each fermenter on the last day of each period 3 h post morning feeding. The concentrations of vaccenic acid (t11C18:1; VA) and c9t11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were greater with the high forage diet while the concentrations of t10 C18:1 and t10c12 CLA were greater with the low forage diet and addition of oil supplement increased their concentrations at both forage levels. The DNA abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens vaccenic acid subgroup (Butyrivibrio VA) were lower with the low forage diets but not affected by oil supplement. The DNA abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens stearic acid producer subgroup (Butyrivibrio SA) was not affected by forage level or oil supplement. In conclusion, oil supplement had no effects on the tested rumen bacteria and forage level affected Anaerovibrio lipolytica and Butyrivibrio VA.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.515-521
• /
• 2004

To measure regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) with perfusion MR imaging of cerebral fat embolism by neutral fat and free fatty acids in cats. Triolein (group 1, n=15), oleic acid (group 2, n=9) and linoleic acid (group 3, n=11) were infused into unilateral internal carotid artery using microcatheter through the transfemoral approach. PVA particle was used as a non-fat embolic material in a control group (group 4, n=9). Perfusion-weighted MR image was obtained at 30 minutes and 2 hours postembolization, based on T2-and diffusion-weighted images. The data of lesion and contralateral normal area were transferred to personal computer, time-to-signal intensity curve was drawn and trans for used to △R2/sup */ curve in regular order. The process in the personal computer was done by using the author's developmental image processing program and interactive data language (IDL) softwares. Statistical significance was approved by paired t-test and ANOVA. rCBV of the lesion was decreased comparing to the normal area in all groups. The ratios of rCBV were as follows (group No, at 30 minutes, at 2 hours); group 1,32％, 51％; group 2, 30％, 44％; group 3, 39％, 61％; group 4, 21％, 36％. rCBVs of 2 hours was significantly increased compared to those of 30 minutes in all groups (P<0.005). rCBV was decreased at 30 minutes in cerebral fat embolism and recovered a little, but significantly at 2 hours. Perfusion-weighted images was useful method in offering hemodynamic information in cerebral fat embolism.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2004

This study examined two groups of students Korean Oriental Medicine majors and Food and Nutrition majors and compared their knowledge of clinical nutrition as well as their tendency to follow healthy lifestyles. In all, 204 college juniors and seniors majoring in Food ＆ Nutrition, and 324 sophomores majoring in General Korean Oriental Medicine were given a questionnaire. Overall, knowledge of clinical nutrition(out of twenty questions) was significantly higher among the students majoring in food and nutrition (p<0.01). Specifically, these students obtained a higher score in the questions pertaining to the following topics: nutritional support(p<0.05), the relationship between menopause and blood cholesterol(p＜0.01), the relationship between weight control and carbohydrates(p＜0.01), the relationship between gout and protein(p＜0.10), the relationship between hyperlipidemia and carbohydrates(p＜0.01), the relationship between trans fatty acids and atherosclerosis(p＜0.01), the relationship between blood potassium levels and kidney disease(p<0.01), and the relationship between weight control and diet and water(p＜0.05). Conversely, students studying General Korean Oriental Medicine had a better knowledge of the relationship between malnutrition and the mortality rate and health complications(p＜0.01). The questions relating to a healthy diet and lifestyle indicated that students majoring in Food and Nutrition had higher incidences of diet irregularity and a higher missing rate (p<0.01); they were more interested in calorie content and nutrients in their diet(p＜0.05); and they were more likely to study about nutritional knowledge during their leisure time (p＜0.01). The results also indicated, however, Korean Oriental Medicine students consumed proportionally more vegetables(p<0.05); and they were more likely to take the stairs than the elevator(p＜0.01).

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
• /
• pp.12-25
• /
• 2003

L-camitine ($\beta$ -hydroxy-${\gamma}$ -trimethyl-ammoniumbutyric acid) is a small water-soluble molecule important in mammalian fat metabolism. It is essential for the normal oxidation of fatty acids by the mitochondria, and is involved in the trans-esterification and excretion of acyl-CoA esters. In this paper, to investigate the relationship between aging and L-camitine, we investigated the effects of in vitro MMP inhibition and activity and expression of UVA-induced MMP 1 in human skin fibroblasts. Fluorometric assays of the proteolytic activities of MMP-l were performed using fluorescent collagen substrates. ELISA (enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay), gelatin-substrate zymography, and RT-PCR ELISA techniques were used for the effects of L-camitine on MMP expression and activity, MMP mRNA expression in UVA irradiated fibroblast. L-camitine inhibited the activities of MMP-l in a dose-dependent manner and the $IC_{50}$/ values calculated from semi-log plots were 2.45mM, and L-carnitine showed strong inhibition on MMP-2 (gelatinase) activity in UVA irradiated fibroblast by zymography. Also, UVA induced MMP expression was reduced 40% by treated with L-carnitine, and MMP-l mRNA expression was reduced dose-dependent manner. Therefore L-carnitine was able to significantly inhibition the MMP activity, regulation of MMP expression in protein and mRNA level. All these results suggest that L-carnitine may be useful as new anti-aging cofactor for protection against UVA induced MMP expression and activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.192-200
• /
• 2002

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for positional and geometric isomers of octadecadienoic acid in which the double bonds are conjugated. CLA has anticancer activity in a variety of animal cancer models, and cis-9, trans-11 (c9t11) and trans-10, cis-12(t10c12) CLA are the most predominant isomers present in the synthetic preparations utilized in these animal studies. To compare the ability of c9t11, t10c12 and an isomeric mixture of CLA to inhibit TSU-Prl cell growth, cells were incubated in a serum-free medium with various concentrations of these fatty acids. The isomeric mixture inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner (1-3 $\mu$M) with a 41 $\pm$ 1% inhibition observed at 3 $\mu$M concentration after 48 hours. T10c12 also inhibited cell proliferation in a dote-dependent manner, However, the efficacy and potency of this isomer was much greater than that of the isomeric mixture with a 49 $\pm$ 2% inhibition observed at 0.3 $\mu$M concentration after 48 hours. By contrast, c9t11 slightly increased cell proliferation. To determine whether the growth-inhibiting effect of CLA is related to the changes in production of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) by these cells, serum-free conditioned media were collected. Immunoblot analysis of conditioned media using a monoclonal anti-IGF-II antibody showed that both the isomeric mixture and t10c12 inhibited secretion of both mature 7,500 Mr and higher Mr forms of pro IGF-II, whereas c9t11 had no effect. Ligand blot analysis with 125I-IGF-II revealed the presence of two types of IGFBPs : 24,000 Mr IGFBP-4 and 30,000 Mr IGFBP-6. The production of IGFBP-4 slightly decreased at the highest concentrations of the isomeric mixture and t10c12. These results indicate that CLA inhibits human prostate cancer cell growth, an effect largely due to the action of t10c12. The growth inhibition may result, at least in part, from decreased production of IGF-II and IGFBP-4 by these cells.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제33권8호
• /
• pp.1343-1347
• /
• 2004

국내에서 시판 중인 요구르트의 CLA 함량과 상업용 dairy starter 유산균의 CLA 생산능을 조사하였다. 시판 요구르트 중의 CLA 함량은 4.1∼14.8 mg/100 g이었으며, 원료 우유사용비율이 낮아질수록 제품에 함유된 CLA 함량도 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. CLA 함량과 stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid 및 linolenic acid의 함량, CLA 함량과 지방함량간에는 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 상업용 dairy starter 유산균 67균주 중 L. acidophilus 1종, L. casei 1종 및 Streptococcus thermophilus 3종 등 모두 5 균주가 기질로 첨가한 linoleic acid로부터 CLA를 생성하였다 또한 생성된 CLA는 cis-9, trans-11 이성체가 70% 이상으로 대부분을 차지하였다. 이들을 이용한 발효유는 대조구에 비해서 1.7∼2.6 mg/100 g의 CLA 함량의 증가를 보였으며, CLA 전환율은 6.1∼8.6%였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.762-767
• /
• 2009

해외 열대작물 씨앗에서 추출한 식물성 오일을 이용하여 바이오디젤을 생산하고 물성분석을 통해 차량연료로서의 사용가능성을 검토하는 연구를 수행하였다. 유리지방산 함량이 높은 열대작물 오일의 효율적인 바이오디젤 생산을 위해서는 유리지방산을 산촉매로 에스테르화한 후 전이에스테르화 반응하는 2단계 반응공정의 적용이 필요하였다. 전처리(에스테르화) 반응에 적합한 촉매를 선정하기 위해 3가지 산 촉매의 비교실험 수행 결과 황산이 최적 촉매임을 확인하였고, 반응표면분석법(response surface method, RSM)에 의해 도출한 최적 반응조건은 황산 촉매 0.982%와 메탄올 26.7%로 나타났다. 전이에스테르화 반응에 대한 최적화 실험을 반응표면분석법에 근거하여 수행하고, 결과로 KOH 촉매 1.24%, 메탄올 22.76%로 확인되었지만 본 연구팀의 선행 실험의 반응조건(KOH 0.8%)보다 과량의 촉매가 투입된 것으로 나타났다. 이에 대한 확인실험으로 메탄올과 촉매 투입량에 대한 추가 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과로서 최적 반응조건으로 KOH 촉매 0.8%와 메탄올:오일 몰비 6.2:1로 도출하였으며 반응생성물의 분석결과 지방산 메틸에스테르(fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) 100.8%, 산가 0.45 mgKOH/g, 수분 0.00%, 산화안정성 0.70 h, 총 글리세롤 함량 0.04%, Mono-glyceride 함량 0.04%, Di-glyceride 함량 0.01%, Tri-glyceride 함량 0.00%, 동점도($40^{\circ}C$에서) $4.041mm^2/s$, 저온필터막힘점 $1.0^{\circ}C$로 주요 바이오디젤 품질규격을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.589-597
• /
• 2019

In this study, 70 kinds of nutritional composition for five bokkeumbap products(spicy chicken, shrimp(saeu), haemul, nakji, and barbecue bokkeumbap) in high-frequency processed foods were analyzed. Raw data of intake amounts were collected from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Regarding proximate composition, spicy chicken bokkeumbap had lower water content and higher carbohydrate content than other bokkeumbaps, resulting in the highest total calories. The proximate composition of other bokkeumbaps were all distributed within a similar range. Vitamin content differed according to ingredients added to the bokkeumbaps. Haemul bokkeumbap had high content of vitamins B₁ and B₂, nakji bokkeumbap had high content of vitamin C and β-carotene, and barbecue bokkeumbap had high content of total niacin, folic acid, and vitamin A. For mineral content, barbecue bokkeumbap showed the highest content distribution, while nakji bokkeumbap showed the lowest content distribution. Regarding fatty acid and fat content, the highest content of fatty acids, saturated fats, and trans fats was detected in shrimp(saeu) bokkeumbap. For amino acid content, barbecue bokkeumbap showed highest content distribution. These results can be used as salient basic data for a food nutrient composition database and to significantly contribute to consumers' health.

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2015

양송이 수확후 배지로부터 lipase 생산균을 분리하여 16S rDNA 유전자 분석을 통해 동정한 결과, Burkholderia cepacia ATCC와 99.8% 상동성을 나타냈다. 분리균 B. cepacia 배양여액 중에 함유된 효소단백질을 70% 황산암모늄으로 침전시켜 crude lipase를 회수하였다. 고정화 효소를 제조하기 위하여 crude lipase(CL)과 Novozyme lipase(NL)을 cross-linking 법에 의해 Silane화된 Silicagel에 고정화 시킨 결과, immobilized CL(ICL)은 61%, immobilized NL(INL)은 72%의 잔존활성을 유지하였다. 중성지방 Canola oil을 알칼리(NaOH) 촉매와 효소(CL 및 ICL) 촉매를 이용하여 지방산(fatty acid)으로 분해한 후, methanolysis에 의한 에스터전이반응(trans-esterification)을 통해 지방산으로부터 전환된 바이오디젤(fatty acid methyl ester, FAME)의 종류와 수율을 비교 하였다. 생성된 총 FAME 함량은 NaOH $781mg\;L^{-1}$, free lipase $681mg\;L^{-1}$, 고정화 lipase $598mg\;L^{-1}$순으로 높았으며, 지방산 조성별 FAME 함량은 linoleic acid(C18:1)가 약 50%로 가장 높았으며, stearic acid(C18:0)가 22%정도의 높은 수준이었다. 또한 반응시간이 증가함에 따라 CL과 ICL 모두 불포화지방산 FAME의 조성비는 감소하고, 상대적으로 포화지방산 FAME의 조성비는 증가하는 경향을 보여 lipase 효소가 transesterification 활성과 interesterification 활성을 동시에 가지는 것으로 여겨진다. 고정화효소의 잔여활성은 반복회수가 증가함에 따라 서서히 감소하여 4회 반복 후, 초기 활성도에 비해 ICL은 34% 와 INL은 21%까지 감소하였다.