• 초등상담연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.143-162
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• 2010

본 연구는 Fraley, Waller 및 Brennan(2000)이 개발한 개정판 친밀관계경험 질문지(Experiences in Close Relationships -Revised: ECR-R)의 문항 제작과정을 근거로 하여 아동의 애착유형을 신뢰롭고 타당하게 측정하기 위한 아동용 부모애착척도를 구성하고 기본적인 신뢰도와 문항반응이론에 근거한 몇가지 문항특성정보를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 ECR-R의 원래 문항과 기존의 애착검사들에서 사용하고 있는 문항들을 수집하여 1차 예비문항을 도출하고, 이를 4~6학년 아동이 이해하기 쉽고 근거한 원문항의 의미와 최대한 같도록 수정하고 보완하여 2차 예비문항을 작성한 후, 초등학교 4~6학년 학생(N=576명)에게 실시하였다. 수거한 자료를 사용해서 2모수 등급반응모형을 적용하여 30문항으로 된 애착척도를 구성하였다. 그 결과 아동용 부모애착검사의 내적 합치도는 회피척도의 경우 .94~.95, 불안척도의 경우 .85~.86의 범위이었고, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 회피척도의 경우 .71~.77, 불안척도의 경우 .53~.68의 범위이었다. 또한 문항반응이론(IRT)을 적용하여 문항변별도와 문항정보값을 살펴본 결과 문항변별도는 적절한 범위에 있었고 문항정보값 역시 높았다. 위계적 군집분석인 K-means방법을 적용한 결과 안정형, 거부형, 몰두형, 두려움형의 4범주로 분류할 수 있었다. 또한 애착유형에 따른 애착척도 점수의 평균과 표준편차를 알아보기 위해 일원분산분석(ANOVA)한 결과 회피와 불안척도는 안정형, 몰두형, 거부형, 두려움형 애착에서 모두 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 타당도와 관련한 제한점을 논의하였다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.251-263
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical research trends in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Korean medicine (KM). Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Google Scholar and five Korean databases through May 2019, for studies on KM to treat PTSD. Clinical research that conducted KM treatment of PTSD patients were included. Two researchers independently conducted study selection and data extraction process. Results: Totally, eight studies were included in this review. Types of traumatic events that patients experienced included physical violence/threatening, traffic accidents, sexual violence and personal tragic events. KM interventions performed included acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine, physical therapy, and KM-based psychotherapy. Treatment duration varied from two days to more than five months. Follow-up began at least one week to three months after the end of treatments. It was reported that the major psychological and/or somatic symptoms of PTSD, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and musculoskeletal pain, subjectively improved, as well as other objective outcomes: Impact Event Scale-Revised Korean version (IES-R-K), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hwabyung Symptoms/characters, Electroencephalography (EEG) change, etc. Statistical studies were conducted in three studies only. Outcomes such as Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), BDI, and IES-R-K showed statistically significant improvement after KM treatments. There was no study reporting adverse events during or after the interventions. Conclusions: According to this review, diverse types of KM treatments have been used among PTSD patients in eight studies. The KM treatments effectively improved psychological and somatic symptoms of PTSD patients. However, the lack of high quality research as well as the lack of standardization of KM treatments for PTSD are limitations. Further methodologically robust clinical trials should be performed, and the standardization of KM treatments for PTSD should be sought.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2011

Objectives Postpartum blues is known to be a major risk factor for postpartum depression and can be associated with the problems of language skills, behaviors or learning skills of their children. Therefore, it is very important for clinicians to evaluate precisely and control postpartum blues. Recent studies have found that music has an effect on depressive mood and the frontal EEG asymmetry of the patients with depression. The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of music on the frontal EEG asymmetry of the mothers with postpartum blues. Method Among one hundred and seventy mothers assessed with Korean version of the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), nine mothers with postpartum blues (EPDS ${\geq}$ 10) as postpartum blues group and nine non-depressive mothers (EPDS < 10) as non-depressive mother group were included. Ten non-labored, non-depressive women were also included as a normal control group. The subjects were evaluated with the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-X1, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Depression Adjective Checklist-Korean version (K-DACL) and EEG twice before and after the music sesssion with the length of twenty minutes and thirty two seconds. The statistical analyses were done for A1 score (log R - log L) which were computed from the alpha powers at F3 and F4. Results No significant difference was noted in demographic data among all three groups. The postpartum blues group had higher scores in the STAI-X1, the VAS and the K-DACL compared to the other groups at baseline, and their A1 scores were lower than those of only normal controls. There was a statistically significant increase of A1 score only in the postpartum blues group after the music session. Conclusion This study suggests that the mothers with postpartum blues may have a frontal EEG asymmetry which is possibly associated with their depressive mood, and the music session can affect the frontal asymmetry positively.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2005

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperament and character profiles of the patients with posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) after burn injury. Methods:The study subjects consisted of 23 PTSD patients after burn injury, 24 patients not being diagnosed as PTSD after burn injury(non-PTSD) and 53 healthy controls. The assessment of PTSD was performed using clinician administered PTSD scale. All participants were instructed to complete the Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI), the Beck Depression Inventory and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory of Spielberger. Results:The PTSD group after burn injury, compared with the non-PTSD group and the normal controls, had the higher novelty seeking and harm avoidance scores. But there were no differences in other dimensions in the TCI among the three groups. Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that the PTSD group after burn injury showed the specific properties of temperament and character compared with the non-PTSD group and the normal group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4415-4419
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• 2013

Background: Measuring effects of cancer on family caregivers is important to develop methods which can improve their quality of life (QOL). Nevertheless, up to now, only a few tools have been developed to be used in this group. Among those, the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer Scale (CQOLC) has met minimum psychometric criteria in different populations in spite of conflicting results. The present study was conducted to evaluate reliability and validity of CQOLC among Turkish cancer family caregivers. Materials and Methods: The CQOLC was administered to 120 caregivers, along with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Medical Outcomes Study MOS 36- Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Internal consistency and test-retest stability were used to investigate reliability. Construct validity was examined by using known group method, convergent, and divergent validity. For the known group method, we hypothesized that CQOLC scores would differ between depressed and non-depressed subjects. We investigated convergent validity by correlating scores for CQOLC with scores for other similar measures including SF-36 and STAI. The MSPSS was completed at the same time as CQOLC to provide divergent validity. Results: The values for internal consistency and test-retest correlation were 0.88 and 0.96, respectively. The CQOLC discriminated those who were depressed from those who were not. Convergent validity supported strong correlations between CQOLC scores and two main component scores (PCS, MCS) in SF-36 although there was a weak correlation between CQOLC and STAI scores. Regarding divergent validity, the correlation between CQOLC and MSPSS was in the low range, as expected. Conclusions: The Turkish CQOLC is a reliable and valid tool and it can be utilized to determine QOL of family caregivers.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2004

1. Objectives This research is to ascertain relations between the Sasang Constitution and characteristics of the eating attitudes, mental state, body composition, various examination results of obese middle-aged women. 2. Methods The subjects were 31 female patients whose BMI(Body Mass Index) was over $25kg/m^2$ and age was 35~55. It was analysed statistically the results of EAT(The Eating Attitudes Test), DEBQ(Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire), BDI(Beck Depression Inventory), STAI(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), body composition analyser, biochemistry, abdominal ultrasonography, mammography which was surveyed from them. 3. Results and Conclusions 1)There was no relation between the Sasang Constitution and the eating attitudes, eating behaviors. But Taeumin got statistically lower score than Non-Taeumin in 23rd question for emotional eating and 33rd question for environmental eating of DEBQ 2)On the mental state, Taeumin got statistically lower score than Non-Taeumin in BDI, STAI-S 3)On the body composition, Taeumin got statistically higher value than Non-Taeumin in BMI. Soyangin got statistically lower value than Non-Soyangin in BMI, left upper limb water, soft lean mass, body water, trunk water. 4)On the various examinations, Taeumin got statistically lower value than Non-Taeumin in serum albumin. Soyangin got statistically lower value in BMI and higher frequency in gallstone, breast nodule than Non-Soyangin. 5)It was thought that Taeumin's obesity is managed by controling physical factor such as excessive 'Gathering Qi(吸聚之氣)' rather than eating attitudes and psychological factor.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2004

다양한 한국인의 표준 뇌를 완성하기 위해 영상 획득의 기준을 마련하고, 획득된 한국인의 뇌 영상 데이터들과 피검자들의 개인 정보들을 저장하고 관리하는 데이터베이스 관리 시스템의 개발이 본 연구의 목적이다. 해부학적 영상 획득을 위해 SNR과 CNR이 우수하고 영상획득시간도 줄일 수 있는 3D MP-RAGE 기법을 선택하였고, 최적의 영상 획득을 손잡이 검사, 상태-특성 불안척도 검사, A 유형 성격 검사, 자기평가 우울척도 검사, 사상체질 검사 간이정신 진단검사, 지능진단 검사, 성격요인 검사를 질문지로 수행한 후 그 결과를 저장하고 관리 할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 본 시스템은 피검자의 영상 정보 및 개인 정보의 저장, 삽입, 삭제, 검색, 출력 기능뿐만 아니라 Access 권한 기능, ODBC와의 연결 설정도 자동으로 수행되도록 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템은 다양한 한국인의 영상 정보와 개인 정보를 저장, 관리 할 수 있기 때문에 다양한 한국인의 표준뇌를 완성하는데 큰 기여를 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.258-266
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• 2017

Purpose: The study aimed to examine quality of sleep in hemodialysis patients and explore physical, physiological, and psychological factors determining sleep quality. Methods: The survey was conducted among 165 patients on maintenance hemodialysis at a university hospital. Data were collected from July to October in 2015. The sleep quality and its related factors were assessed by standardized questionnaires, anthropometric measures, and lab tests after obtaining a written consent from the participant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 62.58 years old, and 67.9% of the participants experienced sleep disorders such as 'not falling asleep within 30 minutes' or 'frequently waking up at night'. Pain (t=-3.29, p=.007) and depression (t=-6.028, p<.001) were significantly different between the group with sleep disorder and the other without. The demographic factors (age, shared room, sleep during the day), physical factors (pain and symptom), and psychological factors (depression and trait and status anxiety) together explained 20.0% of variance in sleep quality. Conclusion: Sleep disorder was frequently experienced among the patients on maintenance hemodialysis. The effective nursing strategies should focus on sleep environment, pain and depression management. Further study is warranted to explore the effect of physiological factors related to the disease on sleep disorder in this population.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 1999

가족 내의 위험 요인들은 아동의 행동 문제와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 본 연구에서는 소아정신과를 방문해 ADHD로 진단된 아동 29명과 정상 아동 180명의 어머니를 대상으로 가족 내의 환경적 요인과 아동 의 행동 문제에 대한 평가 척도를 실시하였다. ADHD 아동의 자료는 내원 당일 작성해 제출하도록 하였으며, 정상 아동의 자료는 아동을 통해 부모에게 질문지를 배부 ${\cdot}$ 수거하였다. 정상 아동의 자료 중 응답 누락 등을 이유로 49명을 제외한 나머지 131명의 자료와 ADHD 29명의 자료를 분석에 포함시켰다. 연구 결과, 가족환경적 요인들 중에서 결혼만족도, 어머니의 상태-특질 불안, 우울감이 ADHD 집단과 정상 집단간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈으며 ADHD 증상에 대한 유의미한 설명력을 지녔다. 또한 이러한 가족환경적 요인들과 아동의 행동 문제간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 상관이 있었다. 가족 내의 위험 요인들 중 결혼만족도, 어머니의 정서상태가 ADHD 증상과 밀접한 관련이 있음이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2005

Purpose: Studies focus on cancer control, prevention, or assessment of psychosocial problems and intervention methods. However, few studies exist concerning psychosocial problems, measuring tools for those problems, and interventions for cancer patients in Korea. One of the purposes of this study was to review studies in this area, to examine various psychosocial problems experienced by cancer patients. This is a crucial area to investigate, since psychosocial problems in turn negatively influence the patients' immune function, which speeds the progress of the disease. Another goal was to identify instruments used to measure psychosocial functioning and problems in cancer patients, to analyze their validity and reliability, with the aim to discover the best instruments. A final goal was to explore and compare the effects of psychosocial interventions, to determine the most effective practices. Method: Journal articles published since 1995 were searched from PubMed Data base, Google search engine, and published cancer-related studies, using search keywords "psychosocial function and intervention for the cancer patients"; whole articles of selected references were reviewed and analyzed. Result: Most common psychosocial problems were depression, fatigue, nausea, pain, distress, resulting in a low quality of life. The seven scales found in the literature to assess the psychosocial functioning were Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Symptom Checklist 90-R, Profile of Mood States, Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, and SF-36 HRQOL(Health Related Quality of Life). Social support interventions for cancer patients were effective in improving quality of life scores. Conclusion: It is necessary to apply support intervention strategies to help cancer patients in Korea. These strategies can help to reduce the effects of psychosocial symptoms, which in turn affect the development and control of cancer. Strategies developed in Western countries may need to be modified for use within Korea. Further studies are warranted to review the support intervention strategies that were being used to for cancer patients