• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.628-634
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of serum calcium and magnesium level to depression and anxiety symptoms in 66 perimenopausal women. Daily nutrient intakes and dietary sources of calcium were analyzed by convenient me쇙. General status was conducted by a questionnaire whereas the questionnaire of CED-S(the Center for Epidemiological studies-Depression Scale) was used for depression and Spielburger's STAI-S(state-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State) was used for anxiety. Fasting blood samples were collected, and serum calcium and magnesium concentrations were measured before and after calcium supplementation. The age distribution of the subjects was 49-55 years. Results indicated that serum calcium concentrations were significantly(P〈0.05) increased to normal ranges after calcium supplementation. Depression and anxiety scores of the subjects with calcium supplementation were significantly(p〈0.05) lower than those before calcium supplementation. There were significantly(P〈0.05) decreased between serum magnesium concentration and depression and anxiety scores, but calcium concentration was not significantly decreased. These results suggest that psychological conditions of perimenopausal women are possibly effected by serum calcium and magnesium levels. More studies are needed to measure the long-term effects of calcium supplementation on psychological conditions in perimenopausal women.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of prior information about ICU environment on the anxiety and environmental stress of cardiac surgery ICU patients. Methods: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental research design was used. Participants were 60 (control 30, experimental 30) patients who had been admitted to ICU. Prior information about the ICU environment was provided to the experimental group. The anxiety level of subjects was measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the stress level of subjects was measured by the Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale (ICUESS). Data were analyzed using a Chi-square test or a Fisher's exact test, independent samples t-test, and paired samples t-test. Results: There was no difference in Anxiety (t=-0.58, p=.563), but there was a significant difference in environmental stress (t=10.46, p<.001). Conclusion: Providing prior information would be an effective nursing intervention to reduce environmental stress.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2019

Objectives: Insomnia patients who visited the psychiatric outpatient of a university department, were divided into those patients with insomnia alone and those with depression or anxiety disorder, along with insomnia. The study analyzed their demographic characteristics and the differences in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) results among the patient groups. Methods: Patients who visited the psychiatric department in Konkuk University hospital from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2018. If they were diagnosed with insomnia disorder based on DSM IV-TR and had undergone STAI, their electronic records were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the records, the patients were classified into those with insomnia disorder only, those with insomnia and anxiety disorder, and those with insomnia and depressive disorder. This study analyzed the demographic characteristics and STAI results of each group, and compared the differences among those groups. Results: During the period, 99 of 329 insomnia disorder patients who had performed STAI were diagnosed with depressive concurrent disorder and 61 with concurrent anxiety disorder. There was no difference in demographic characteristics of age and sex ratio among the three patient groups, and all had greater than 70% proportions of patients aged from 50s to 70s (71.8%, 77.1%, and 73.8% respectively). The average scores of STAI-I were 51.85 ± 10.15 for the patients with anxiety disorders and 54.18 ± 10.32 for those with depressive disorders, both of which were higher than the score of the patients with insomnia alone (44.55 ± 8.89). However, the score difference was not statically significant between the anxiety and depression groups. Similarly, in the STAI-II comparison, the averages of patients with anxiety or depressive disorders along with insomnia were 49.98 ± 8.31 and 53.19 ± 10.13 respectively, which were higher than that of the insomnia only group (42.71 ± 8.84), but there was no significant difference between the anxiety and depressive disorder groups. Conclusion: Although there were no differences in demographic data between the patients with insomnia only and those with accompanying depressive or anxiety disorder, the STAI-I and II scores were lower in the insomnia only group. In the future, it is necessary to consider other demographic characteristics including comorbidities and to conduct similar analyses with a larger sample.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.306-315
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• 2011

The study defines the job characteristics anxiety of the private security workers and the effect of the performance. While the study selected the private guards working at the private security companies registered at the National Police Agency in Seoul 2011 and sampled total 300 people by using the judgment sampling method, the final input case number is 266 people. The study used alpha value of the reliability analysis and the maximum-likelihood classification of the covariation structure analysis in order to verify the validity of the survey and the reliability. With the research method and the process the result of the study is as follows. First, the task importance of the private security workers affects the minus influence to the characteristic anxiety. Second, the feedback of the private security workers affects the minus influence to the characteristic anxiety. Third, the job autonomy of the private security workers affects the minus influence to the characteristic anxiety. Fourth, the feedback of the private security workers affects the plus influence to the task performance. Fifth, the job autonomy of the private security workers affects the plus influence to the task performance. Sixth, the skill variety of the private security workers affects the plus influence to the task performance. Seventh, the characteristic anxiety of the private security workers affects the plus influence to the task performance.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.593-602
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• 2018

Background/Aims The different clinical manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may be influenced by associated psychological factors. We evaluated the psychological status (anxiety and depression) according to each subtype of GERD. Methods Subjects who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and completed a symptom questionnaire between January 2008 and December 2011 were analyzed. The subjects were classified into the following groups: erosive reflux disease (ERD), non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), asymptomatic erosive esophagitis (AEE), and controls. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Results We analyzed 19 099 subjects: 16 157 (84.6%), 176 (0.9%), 1398 (7.3%), and 1368 (7.2%) in the control, ERD, NERD, and AEE groups, respectively. Multiple multinomial logistic regression revealed a significant association of increased state (adjusted OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.53-2.33) and trait anxiety (adjusted OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.34-2.35) and depression (adjusted OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.75-2.80) with NERD. ERD group showed a significant association only with state anxiety (adjusted OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.27-3.81) and depression (adjusted OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.18-4.22). The AEE group, however, did not show any significant association with psychological factors. Conclusion This cross-sectional study revealed that anxiety and depression levels were significantly higher in subjects with GERD (notably in the NERD) than in controls.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.97-109
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of group occupational therapy including education regarding depression, anxiety, and activity participation in people with dementia. Methods : Nineteen people with dementia were randomly assigned to experimental(n=10) and control group(n=9). The participants in experimental group conducted occupational therapy including education, whereas the control group occupational therapy only. Pre- and post- assessments were applied using Korean form of Geriatric Depression Scale(K-GDS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAM-A), State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI-X-1), and Korean Activity Card Sort (K-ACS). Results : When comparing the differences between pre- and post- of the intervention, the depression and anxiety of occupational therapy group including the educational program decreased statistically(p<.05). Conclusion : This study has shown that occupational therapy including education has significant effects on reducing depression and anxiety in people with dementia. In the future, it will be necessary to develop an intervention program to strengthen the psychological and emotional aspects of people with dementia, and various studies in the field of occupational therapy focusing on care giver education should be conducted.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.115-140
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigates the impact of M&L psychotherapy on an adolescent with anxiety disorders transitioning into adulthood, using a retrospective mixed-method approach. Methods: An adolescent with Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5-diagnosed anxiety disorders underwent combined treatment with M&L psychotherapy and complex Korean medicine therapy over a period of approximately two years. Patient records tracked the diagnosis, treatments, and progress. In-depth interviews were also conducted. The study used a convergent parallel mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative analysis from psychological assessments, including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X), the Core Seven Emotions Inventory-short form (CSEI-s), and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), with qualitative analyses of traditional Korean medicine counseling session notes, interviews, and other qualitative psychological assessments. Results: State anxiety decreased from 40 to 36, and trait anxiety decreased from 42 to 34. MMPI-2 L scale scores decreased slightly to 64T, whereas S scale scores increased to 62T, and FRS scores decreased to 70T from an initial score of 78T. Qualitative analysis revealed an increase in the MMPI-2 Es scale, identified as "subjectivity." Joy (喜) emerged as the highest emotional profile score in the CSEI-S. Scores for anger (怒), thought (思), fear (恐), and fright (驚) decreased, indicating improved negative emotions. Qualitatively, expressions of determination to "move forward" and "strengthen the mind" were noted, suggesting enhanced "lower danjeon (下丹田)." Conclusions: Integrating traditional Korean medicine treatment with M&L psychotherapy for a vulnerable adolescent with anxiety disorders demonstrated efficacy. Further research is warranted to substantiate the effectiveness of M&L psychotherapy and advocate for its wider adoption in mainstream practice.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.43-70
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find out how a vocal improvisation program can improve performance anxiety of students who are majoring in music. Four students participated in the vocal improvisation program for 8 weeks, and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered prior to and after the completion of program. The following are results from this study. First, participants' anxiety score as measured by STAI-S significantly decreased 16.5 (p < .068) average. Second, a decrease in the subjects' practical anxiety level was quantitatively shown following this program the participants' anxiety score decreased on average by 25.5 (p < .068). Third, the subjects reported a positive musical experience as an outcome of this study. The results of the research as described above support priority researches that the music therapy program influences to decrease musical performance anxiety. The vocal improvisation program used in this study proved effective for decreasing general anxiety and releasing musical performance anxiety. This study indicates future uses of music therapy and music psychotherapy for college students who experience musical performance anxiety.

• Korean journal of health promotion
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.147-158
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• 2018

Background: This study was designed to investigate the effects of usual negative emotional experiences on biological aging progression of human. Methods: A total of 237 subjects who visited the Health Promotion Center at Chungnam National University Hospital from May 2013 through September 2013 was enrolled. Each subject had been drawn up a structured questionnaire about usual experiences of depression, anxiety, anger, and anger expression. The degree of biological aging progression of each subject was computed by a specific formula which consisted of chronological age and biological age reflecting obesity and aging of main organs. Results: Trait anger and low education level showed the significant correlations with biological aging (r=0.160, P=0.014, and r=-0.189, P=0.024, respectively). Trait anger and low education level solely displayed the significant $R^2s$ for biological aging in consequence of multivariate analyses; $R^2=0.044$, P=0.020, and $R^2=0.022$, P=0.038, respectively. Conclusions: This study suggests that the significant relationship between usual anger experience (i.e., trait anger) and biological aging would be present. In addition, lower education level may be related with biological aging.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to analyze the responses of breath-counting meditations with the psychological test and the physical index. Methods: Breath-counting meditation was applied to 10 normal adults. Then, clinical research State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), State-Trait Anger eXpression Inventory (STAXI), Psychosocial Well-being Index Short Form (PWI-SF), Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument-Korean version (BEPSI-K), Heart Rate Variability (HRV), and Vital Signs (V/S) were carried out to analyze the responses of breath-counting meditations. Results: 1) Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) decreased on the fifteenth day of breath-counting meditation, and Body Temperature (BT) increased on the fifteenth day. In addition, respiration decreased throughout the period of breath-counting meditation. 2) Standard deviations of N-N interval and Total Power (TP) of HRV all significantly increased on the fifteenth day of breath-counting meditation. 3) Scores of STAI1, STAXI1, STAXI2, and PWI-SF decreased after the breath-counting meditation. Conclusions: The results suggested that breath-counting meditations have positive responses to anger, anxiety and stress.