• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-72
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of assertiveness training and value clarification training on nurse's conflict and conflict management mode. Fifty seven registered nurses participated in the study ; they were employed by three general hospital located in Daegu, Korea. The study employs two treatment groups. The assertiveness training group consisted of subjects who participated in 90-120 minutes sessions of assertiveness training nine times over five weeks. The other treatment group, was adiministed nine, 90-120 minutes sessions of value clarification during the same period. For the control group, nursing subjects were appointed the training after five weeks. Pre-test evaluation were administered to all subjects in three groups prior to one week of the treatment. Role conflict Inventory-general(RCI-G) and Communication Conflict Inventory-general (CCI-G) measure nurse's conflict management mode. Post-test evaluation were administered to all subjects in three groups two weeks after the last session by Role Conflict Inventory-Specific(RCI-S), Communication Conflict Inventory-Specific (CCI-S), Management Model-Specific(CMMI-S). The analysis of variance(ANOVA) and covariance(ANCOVA) on gain scores were running the SPSS program. In order to test statistical differences among mean scores of the scales obtained after treatment, multiple comparisons were carried out by Turkey method. Conclusions obtained from the results are as follows. 1. The assertiveness training and the value clarification training were effective in decreasing the nurse's role conflict. The value clarification was more effective than the assertiveness training in decreasing the nurse's role conflict. 2. Both assertiveness training and value clarification training were effective in decreasing nurse's communication conflict. There was, however, no differences between assertiveness training and value clarification training in decreasing the nurse's communication conflict. 3. The assertiveness training and the value clarification training were quite effective in compromizing and collaborating conflict management mode, to reducing the withdrawl and accomodate, force and accomodate conflict management mode to conflict. There was no difference in the effectiveness of assertiveness training and value clarification. In assessing the effects of the treatments, this study employed different measurements. It is unclear whether the measurement affected the test results. It is worth conducting a further test using the same measurements. The results of future studies can be compared with those of this study. The homogeneity of the control group and treatment group is questionable. Futher studies may employ homogeneous sample group to evaluate whether the sample characteristics bias the test results. Assertiveness training or value clarification training for nurses can be utilized in nursing intervention.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2017

This paper presents a force control based on the observer without taking any force or torque measurement from the robot which allows realizing more stable and robust human robot interaction for the developed multi-functional upper limb rehabilitation robot. The robot has four functional training modes which can be classified by the human robot interaction types: passive, active, assistive, and resistive mode. The proposed observer consists of internal disturbance observer and external force observer for distinctive performance evaluation. Since four training modes can be quantitatively identified as impedance variation, position-based impedance control with feedback and feedforward controller was applied to the assistive training mode. The results showed that the proposed sensorless observer estimated cleaner and more accurate force compared to the force sensor and the impedance controller embedded with the proposed observer completed the assistive training mode safely and properly.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2002

A walking training robot is proposed to provide stable and comfortable walking supports by reducing body weight load partially and a force control of an arm of walking training robot using sliding mode controller is also proposed. The current gait training apparatus in hospital are ineffective for the difficulty in keeping constant unloading level and for the constraint of patients' free walking. The proposed walking training robot effectively unloads body weight during walking. The walking training robot consists of an unloading manipulator and a mobile platform. The manipulator driven by an electro-mechanical linear mechanism unloads body weight in various levels. The mobile platform is wheel type, which allows patients to walt freely. The developed unloading system has advantages such as low noise level, lightweight, low manufacturing cost and low power consumption. A system model fur the manipulator is established using Lagrange's equation. To unload the weight of the patients, sliding mode control with p-control is adopted. Both control responses with a weight and human walking control responses are analyzed through experimental implementation to demonstrate performance characteristics of the proposed force controller.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.749-753
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• 2008

자기수용감각은 신체 내부에서 폼의 발란스, 근육의 강도, 민첩성을 이용하여 공간의 위치나 관절의 움직임을 조절하는 능력으로 정의된다. 기존의 연구에서는 자기수용감각을 발달시키기 위하여 reaching 훈련을 이용한 시각적인 feedback을 제시하여 훈련을 하고 feedback을 차단하고 측정하는 방법이 사용했지만 시각적인 feedback이 있는 상황은 자기수용감각만 유도할 수 없는 문제점이 있다. 가상현실 기술은 훈련 동안 실시간으로 시각적인 feedback을 다양하게 제공하는 것으로 기존의 연구의 문제점을 해결할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 가장현실 기술을 이용한 자기수용감각을 발달시키기 위한 훈련 및 평가시스템을 개발하고 파일럿 스터디를 하였다. 가상환경 task는 3개로 구성되었다. mode 1은 신체 움직임을 실시간으로 시각적인 feedback을 제시하는 환경이다. mode 2는 피험자의 반응에 의해서만 신체 움직임에 대한 시각적인 feedback을 제시하는 환경이다. mode 3응 시각적인 feedback을 제시하지 않는 환경이다. 가상환경의 task는 각 mode에서 3지점을 한 번씩 수행하는 것을 1회기로 5회기씩 수행하였다. 본 연구의 결과에서, target을 획득하기 위하여 이용하는 시간은 mode 3에서 mode보다 더 짧게 소요 되었다.(P=0.001). mode 2와 mode 3에서 1회기에서는 상관관계를 가지고 2-5회기 동안에는 mode 2와 mode 3에서 상관관계가 보이지 않았다(p = 0.012). mode 1의 환경에서는 훈련에 필요한 자기수용감각보다 시각적인 feedback에 의한 훈련이 진행되는 것을 볼 수 있다. mode 2는 첫 회기에서 자기수용감각에 의한 시각적인 feedback을 제공받을 수 있기 때문에 자기수용감각 훈련을 수행할 수 있다. 추후 연구는 시스템의 타당성 검증과 임상실험을 통한 훈련과 평가를 할 계획이다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2012

Independent study is a major ability of engineering students. In independent study training practice, we need to use different instructional strategies and responds to individual student needs and learning styles. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a four-step student independent study training mode we applied to teaching the Biomedical Engineering students in Dali University, China. We developed this teaching mode to fulfill the goals of the first years' undergraduates training and improve the students learning skills. The four-step teaching mode includes both in-class and out-of-class activities. The emphasis is on how to train students to get information from the reading materials, understand the concept, develop critical thinking and eventually become independent learner.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.556-565
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• 2002

Due to the fact that nurses may deal with diverse populations in the work place, it is very important for then to maintain appropriate interpersonal relationships with clients. Nurses should maintain diverse types of relationships appropriately with patients with special needs and their families during crisis, other nursing colleagues and staff on the same team, clients in the school or work place as well as the community. In particular, a hospital is a society with a system and hierarchy, and the importance of interpersonal relationships is much more emphasized. In interpersonal relationships, it is very important for a person to communicate with others in an accurate manner, and when the communication is not achieved appropriately, the person may have troubles and experience distress and conflicts because of the inaccurate communication of thoughts. According to the findings of previous studies, nurses actually experience much distress in the work place because of the miscommunication that they have with others. The purpose of this study was to observe a correlation between Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and assertiveness behavior, and to exam the effects of assertiveness training on the assertiveness behavior and conflict management mode. The subjects of this study included 20 persons in the experimental group and 20 persons the in control group. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was applied before the study. The assertiveness training group received six, 120 minutes sessions over a 3 week period. Pre-test on assertiveness behavior, Communication Conflict Inventory-General, Role Conflict Inventory- General, Conflict Management Mode was achieved for all the subjects prior to the training. Post-test was administered to all the subjects one week following the last session. The data were analyzed using SPSS PC program to obtain findings on mean. standard distribution, t-test, and Pearson correlation. The results are as follows: (1) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Introvert/Extrovert was correlated to assertive behavior and avoid- response type conflict management mode. (2) The assertiveness training was correlated to assertiveness behavior, communication conflict degree, and avoid- response type conflict management mode. (3) The post-test scores between the training group and the control group were significantly different in assertiveness behavior and avoid-response type conflict management mode. It is suggested that more studies need to be done to differentiate the effects of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and assertiveness training on assertiveness behavior and avoid-response type conflict management mode.

• 정보처리학회 논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.497-504
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• 2024

생성형 적대 신경망(GANs)은 보통 생성자와 판별자 사이의 두 플레이어 게임으로 설명된다. 여기서 생성자는 실제에 가까운 데이터를 생성하는 것을 목표로 하고, 판별자는 실제 데이터와 생성된 데이터를 구별하려고 한다. 하지만 이 방식은 종종 생성자가 데이터를 제한적으로 생성하여 데이터 분포의 다양성을 제대로 포착하지 못하는 모드 붕괴(mode collapse)로 이어질 수 있다, 이 논문에서는 이러한 모드 붕괴 문제를 완화하기 위한 새로운 훈련 시스템을 제안한다. 구체적으로, 기존의 이중 플레이어 게임을 다중 플레이어 게임으로 확장하고, 여러 GANs를 효과적으로 훈련시키기 위해 동료 평가(peer-evaluation) 방법을 제안한다. 동료 평가 과정에서는 각 GAN이 생성한 샘플들을 다른 플레이어들이 평가한다. 이는 외부 피드백을 제공하여 GAN이 모드 붕괴를 인식할 수 있는 추가적인 기준이 된다. 이러한 동료 평가 방법을 적용한 협력적이면서도 경쟁적인 다중 플레이어 게임 방식의 훈련은 생성자들이 데이터 분포의 더 넓은 범위를 탐색하고 포착하도록 돕는다. 이 논문에서는 여러 GANs를 효과적으로 훈련시키기 위한 알고리즘을 자세히 소개하고, 실험을 통해 그 성능을 검증한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2014

원격교육연수원은 2013년 12월 기준으로 63개 연수원이 민간, 대학부설, 국공립기관의 형태로 운영되고 있다. 원격교육연수원은 학습관리시스템을 통해 연수 관리를 하고 있기 때문에 학습관리시스템은 원격 연수의 질과 관계가 있다. 본 논문은 원격연수의 질 제고를 위해 원격교육연수원의 학습관리시스템 기능을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 전반적으로 연수자, 관리자, 튜터에게 필요한 기능이 70.07%, 72.09%, 70.41%의 구현율을 보여주었다. 연수자 기능에서는 연수지원, 관리자 기능에서는 통계관리, 튜터 기능에서는 커뮤니케이션 기능이 가장 낮은 구현율을 보였다. 본 논문의 결과를 통해 원격교육연수원의 효율적인 연수 운영을 위한 학습관리시스템 개선에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper was to develop a rehabilitation training system which is controlled by electric currents to the Magneto-Rheological dampers system. This system provided the function for the training of the unbalance of the lower extremities. 10 subjects executed the tracing and moving exercises which are presented through the display monitor and confirmed own the capability of performance on the task. The electromyographies of the four muscles in lower extremities were recorded and analyzed in the time and frequency domain the muscles of interest were rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior. The experimental results showed that subjects had a task under feedback mode then subjects improve the capability of performance, increasing the in time, decreasing the out time and the distance of body shift. The moving average EMG, spectral energy of four muscle is lower the feedback mode than the constant mode. This could aid the hemiplegic patients to train more easily.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.471-476
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 변별적 가중치 학습 (discriminative weight training) 기반의 최적화된 가중치를 가지는 입력벡터를 구성하여 support vector machine (SVM)을 이용한 기존의 3GPP2 selectable mode vocoder (SMV)코덱의 음성/음악 분류 성능을 향상 시키는 방법을 제안한다. 구체적으로, 최소 분류 오차 minimum classification error (MCE) 방법을 도입하여, 최적화된 가중치를 각각의 특징벡터별로 부가한 SVM을 적용하여 기존의 가중치를 고려하지 않은 SVM 기반의 알고리즘과 비교하였으며, 우수한 음성/음악 분류 성능을 보였다.