• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호통권30호
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• pp.23-36
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• 1997

교량(橋梁)의 동적응답(動的應答)을 파악하기 위해서는 노면(路面)조도에 의해 영향을 받는 차량의 거동 파악이 중요하게 된다. 최근, 교량의 상판(床版)등에서 발생되는 피로(疲勞)의 영향에 대한 관심이 고조되어 서서히 교통진동의 3차원 모델링에 대한 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교량에 발생되는 교통진동(交通振動)의 영향을 좀더 정확히 표현하기 위하여 3차원 해석 방법을 제시한다. 해석방법으로 유한 요소법이 이용되었고, 차량 모델링은 하나의 전축(煎軸)과 두 개의 후축(後軸)을 갖는 8자유도계(自由度系) 차량 모델을 이용하여 수치 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 동적(動的) 연립미분방정식(聯立微分方程式)의 해법에서는 Newmark-${\beta}$법(法)을 이용하였고, 가상 노면요철(凹凸)모델링에서는 정상불규칙과정(定常不規則過程)으로 가정하여 노면 요철(凹凸)을 생성하여 시뮬레이션에 사용하였다. 또한 실제 차량 및 교량에서의 실측치와 비교하여 모델의 검증을 수행하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.409-428
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• 2001

The characteristics of dynamic wheel loads of heavy vehicles running on bridge and rigid surface are investigated by using three-dimensional analytical model. The simulated dynamic wheel loads of vehicles are compared with the experimental results carried out by Road-Vehicles Research Institute of Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) to verify the validity of the analytical model. Also another comparison of the analytical result with the experimental one for Umeda Entrance Bridge of Hanshin Expressway in Osaka, Japan, is presented in this study. The agreement between the analytical and experimental results is satisfactory and encouraging the use of the analytical model in practice. Parametric study shows that the dynamic increment factor (DIF) of the bridge and RMS values of dynamic wheel loads are fluctuated according to vehicle speeds and vehicle types as well as roadway roughness conditions. Moreover, there exist strong dominant frequency resemblance between bounce motion of vehicle and bridge response as well as those relations between RMS values of dynamic wheel loads and dynamic increment factor (DIF) of bridges.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.187-207
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• 2016

Practical ambient excitations of engineering structures usually do not comply with the stationary-white-noise assumption in traditional operational modal analysis methods due to heavy traffic, wind guests, and other disturbances. In order to eliminate spurious modes induced by non-white noise inputs, the improved stochastic subspace identification based on a delay index is proposed in this paper for a representative kind of stationary non-white noise ambient excitations, which have nonzero autocorrelation values near the vertical axis. It relaxes the stationary-white-noise assumption of inputs by avoiding corresponding unqualified elements in the Hankel matrix. Details of the improved stochastic subspace identification algorithms and determination of the delay index are discussed. Numerical simulations on a four-story frame and laboratory vibration experiments on a simply supported beam have demonstrated the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method in eliminating spurious modes under non-white noise ambient excitations.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2019

In modern society, people live in an environment with artificial or natural noise. Especially, the sound that corresponds to the artificial noise makes the noise itself and affects each other because many people live and work in the city. Sounds are generated by the activities and causes of various people, such as construction sites, aircraft, production machinery, or road traffic. These sounds are essential elements in human life and are recognized and judged by human auditory organs. Noise is a sound that you do not want to hear by subjective evaluation, and it is a loud sound that gives hearing damage or a sound that causes physical and mental harm. In this study, we introduce the method of stimulating the human hearing by finger vibration and explain the advantages of the proposed method in various kinds of a noise environment. And how to improve the sound quality to improve efficiency. In this paper, we propose a method to prevent the loss of hearing loss and the transmission of sound information based on proper signal to noise ratio when using portable IT equipment in various noise environments.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2013

The emergence of a growing number of tall buildings, often with unusual shapes and innovative structural systems, has led to the realization of the need for and the importance of field measurements. The new China Central Television (CCTV) Tower in Beijing is one of tall buildings with a highly unusual shape and a complex structural system, requiring field measurements to identify its dynamic characteristics for the subsequent dynamic analysis of the tower under wind excitation, seismic-induced ground motion and traffic-induced ground motion. The structural system and the finite element model of the CCTV Tower are first introduced in this paper. The computed natural frequencies and mode shapes are then presented as a reference for the field measurement. After introducing the arrangement of the ambient vibration measurement, the field measured natural frequencies and damping ratios of the CCTV Tower are presented and the measured natural frequencies are finally compared with the computed ones. It was found that the structural damping ratios of the CCTV Tower are small and the computed natural frequencies are smaller than the measured ones by about 12~17%.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.225-238
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• 2019

In this paper a novel and efficient computational framework to estimate the stress range versus number of cycles curves experienced by a cable due to external excitations (e.g., seismic excitations, traffic and wind-induced vibrations, among others) is proposed. This study is limited to the wind-cable interaction governed by the Vortex Shedding mechanism which mainly rules cables vibrations at low amplitudes that may lead to their failure due to bending fatigue damage. The algorithm relies on a stochastic approach to account for the uncertainties in the cable properties, initial conditions, damping, and wind excitation which are the variables that govern the wind-induced vibration phenomena in cables. These uncertainties are propagated adopting Monte Carlo simulations and the concept of importance sampling, which is used to reduce significantly the computational costs when new scenarios with different probabilistic models for the uncertainties are evaluated. A high fidelity cable model is also proposed, capturing the effect of its internal wires distribution and helix angles on the cables stress. Simulation results on a 15 mm diameter high-strength steel strand reveal that not accounting for the initial conditions uncertainties or using a coarse wind speed discretization lead to an underestimation of the stress range experienced by the cable. In addition, parametric studies illustrate the computational efficiency of the algorithm at estimating new scenarios with new probabilistic models, running 3000 times faster than the base case.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

급속한 경제성장은 대규모 도로건설 및 물류에 필요한 차량의 대형화 및 고속화를 유도하였으나, 이로 인해 발생하는 대기오염 및 자동차의 소음, 진동은 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 기층용 콘크리트 블록은 Helmholtz Resonators 이론을 접목시킴으로써 차량의 타이어 파열음과 차량음 등을 흡수하여 소음을 현저히 줄이는 기능을 보유하고 있어 접속도로, 아파트 단지내 도로, 주택가 도로 등 소음발생이 높은 지역에 적용한다면 소음저감에 대한 사회적 요구를 충족시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 2-layer 아스팔트포장과 기층용 콘크리트 블록의 복합식 공법으로 일반 콘크리트 블록과 기층용 콘크리트 블록의 흡음효과 시험을 실내 시험으로 실시하였다. 시험 조건으로는 홀 사이즈, 간격, 깊이가 결정된 시편에 각 차종별 초기소음을 다르게 주어 소음저감효과를 분석 하였다. 2-layer아스팔트 표층과 콘크리트블록을 이용하여 차량소음크기, 시편크기, 측정거리, 홀의 형상 및 크기에 따른 데이터를 분석한 결과 소음저감효과는 탁월했으며 약 4dB에서 최대 9dB 정도 감소시킨 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

1960년대 이후 국내의 경제성장은 비약적인 발전을 해왔으나, 이로인해 교통량의 급증 및 생활환경오염문제가 크게 급증하고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 급속한 경제성장은 대규모 도로건설 및 물류에필요한 차량의 대형화 및 고속화를 유도하였으나, 이로인해 발생하는 대기오염 및 자동차의 소음, 진동은 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 도심도로의 경우 측정한 차량소음의 57% 이상이 환경기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 저소음 도로포장에 대한 사회적 관심이 커지고 있는 실정이다. 저소음 포장은 기본적으로 배수성포장과 같은 형식을 이용하며, 단지 기능적인 측면에서 소음저감효과부분이 강조된 것이다. 최근 국내에 저소음 포장 기술이 도입되고 있고, 이를 국내 실정에 맞는 기술로 변환하는 것이 시급한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내에 적합한 저소음 도로포장 연구중 저소음포장체를 구성하는 골재입도, 아스팔트 혼합물의 기본적인 역학적 특성을 평가하였다. 평가항목은 마샬안정도, 회복탄성계수, 간접인장강도 및 소성변형특성평가를 위한 선회다짐곡선 활용등이 포함되고, 실험을 통해 복층구조의 저소음 포장체를 구현하기 위한 기본자료를 정리하여 제시하였다. 복층형 구조의 저소음 아스팔트 포장체 구성을 위한 아스팔트혼합물의 역학시험결과 기본적인 구조성능은 충분히 만족시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.181-194
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• 2014

A major problem with high-mast light poles is the effects that wind vortex shedding can have on the pole itself because of the lock-in phenomenon. It is desired that the coefficients in the AASHTO Standard Specifications ($5^{th}$ edition) for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries, and Traffic Signals be analyzed and refined. This is for the belief that the span of the shapes of poles for which the coefficients are used is much too broad and a specific coefficient for each different shape is desired. The primary objective of this study is to develop wind vortex shedding coefficient for a multisided shape. To do that, an octagonal shape was used as the main focus since octagonal cross sectioned high-mast light poles are one of the most common shapes in service. For the needed data, many wind parameters, such as the static drag coefficient, the slope of aerodynamic lift coefficient, Strouhal number, the lock-in range of wind velocities producing vibrations, and variation of amplitude of vortex-induced vibration with Scruton number are needed. From wind tunnel experiments, aerodynamic parameters were obtained for an octagonal shape structure. Even though aerodynamic coefficients are known from past test results, they need to be refined by conducting further wind tunnel tests.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2007

Dynamic responses of the bridge for a straddle-type monorail subjected to the ground motion of high probability to occur are investigated by means of a three-dimensional traffic-induced vibration analysis to clarify the effect of a train's dynamic system on seismic responses of a monorail bridge. A 15DOFs model is assumed for a car in the monorail train. The validity of developed equations of motion for a monorail train-bridge interaction system is verified by comparison with the field-test data. The inertia effect due to a ground motion is combined with the monorail train-bridge interaction system to investigate the seismic response of the monorail bridge under a moving train. An interesting result is that the dynamic system of the train on monorail bridges can act as a damper during earthquakes. The observation of numerical results also points out that the damper effect due to the dynamic system of the monorail train tends to decrease with increasing speed of the train.