• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.spc
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• pp.15-34
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• 2003

The present authors had conducted several researches(parking violation, traffic signal violation, speed violation, drunk-driving) on driving behaviors of the Korean people focused on cultural psychological perspective. This paper was designed to summarize these previous results. Although each research had dealt with different violation behaviors on driving, there were lots of similarities on the basis of violation. The results reveal the following rationale for incurring violation behaviors. First, most people reported that they violated the rule to pursuit short-term benefit. Second, the violators' psychological characteristics are described in terms of self-centered and self-justification. In addition, the respondents have justified their violated behaviors since the outcome is disadvantageous for the drivers. Furthermore, the violators' are found to possess a permissive attitude toward the other violators'. Finally, the implications of these studies were proposed. All of these findings were discussed in relation to the Korean culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.34-41
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• 2014

Aviation safety issues have drawn much attention from the international community due to the growing demand for air travel. Although it is a widely accepted fact that human-related factors are closely linked to aviation safety, there is lack of understanding what roles those factors play in aviation, in the field of air traffic control in particular. It has been reported that the role of air traffic controllers significantly affects air safety. This review will discuss cognitive aspects of expertise in air traffic control including time perception, working memory, reasoning, perception, attention, scanning/vigilance, decision making, and planning with examples of how each aspect can be dealt with in performing air traffic control duties. The relevant studies in psychology have also been briefly reviewed in the interest of enhancing understanding of characteristics of air traffic control tasks and the related human factors. This review concludes with a call for more in-depth research into cognitive factors in air traffic control.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.23-47
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to study the relation between the change of driver's driving confidence level in the age categories and driving behavior. To survey the driving confidence level, we used the 'Driving Confidence Scale' questionnaire and surveyed the drive career, mileage, driving days, violation of traffic regulation (drunk driving, overspeed), traffic accident experience (assaulter, sufferer) together. The subjects of investigation were from 19-year-old to 80-year-old and 1,055 persons were participated in the research totally. To examinethe structure of driving confidence level, we executed the factor analysis. We compared the driving confidence level in the age categories (under 29-year-old, 30~39, 40~49, 50~64, over 65-year-old) and studied the relation between driving confidence level and driving behavior. Driving confidence level was composed of 4 factors such as 'insensibility to situation', 'unsafe driving', 'careless concentration' and 'self-efficacy of driving', and there was decreasing tendency for driving confidence level and overall driving behavior according to increasing age. Driving confidence level had the interrelation with age range, assaulting accident, suffered accident, driving period, drunk driving, overspeed, driving career and so on. We examined the difference of driving confidence level and driving behavior by dividing the participated drivers' groups into the traffic accident experienced group, drunk driving group and overspeed driving group, and there was a significant difference on driving confidence level and driving behavior between the group who had not experienced the violation of traffic regulation or traffic accident and another group who had experienced the violation of traffic regulation or traffic accident.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

The dependence on cars for urban mobility and the exponential increase in traffic and urban infrastructure to sustain traffic have lead to an encapsulated way of life, where the connection with the natural environment is much more reduced and programmed. In a previous study, a process based on estimating distances showed that children who move around their city by automobile do not appreciate their environment as a spatial continuum, but rather as a series of independent spaces that are reached by automobile or bus, thereby evidencing a different way of conceptualizing urban space in the light of different cognitive structures (Goluboff, Garc$\acute{i}$a-Mira, and Garc$\acute{i}$a-Font$\acute{a}$n, 2002). The present study is concerned with the process of understanding and knowledge of urban space, and contrasting the cognitive structure of different groups. The implications that this study may have for urban planning are discussed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.611-617
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• 2010

To find out why elderly drivers have more frequent traffic accidents on intersection than any other one, this study was conducted to examine the characteristics of elderly drivers' driving behavior on intersection using a multifaceted driving behavior indicator. To do that, the driving behavior of both young adult drivers and elderly drivers were compared and analyzed, using a graphic driving simulator. As a result, compared with young adult drivers, elderly drivers showed a poor driving performance, and a high ratio of visual scanning time on the specific direction regardless of driving situation. Also, compared with young adult drivers, elderly drivers had a high overall level of arousal, and the phasic arousal activity on the specific stimulus was low. These results imply that through the intervention which induces the change in multifaceted indicators mentioned earlier, they could be helped to drive more safely on intersection.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-40
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in the traffic environments and driving behaviors in 5 regions of Korea. Data were collected through the survey research from 1387 passenger car drivers in 14 locations in Korea. The main findings of this research are as followings: First of all, There were significant differences in traffic environment factors(road topography, construction, road & safety facilities, pedestrian behaviors, surrounding drivers) among 5 regional areas. When we examined drivers factors, there were significant differences among 5 metropolitan areas on wearing seat belt, most of constructions related to drink driving, speed-limit violation. There were many differences in driving habits, intentions, behaviors including wearing seat belt, driving after drinking according to metropolitan area, and also in case of speed-limit violation and careless driving behavior. These results suggested that there are many differences in traffic environments and driver's behaviors among regional areas. These result suggests that traffic safety policy and practice should be prepared based upon the peculiarities of regional area. We discussed these resulte in terms of the regional traffic policy and the suggestions for future studies were added.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.158-170
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• 2016

It has been applied several ways in order to prevent traffic accidents and speed management on the road which is one of very important factors to prevent accidents. In this study, it is analyzed whether the facility such as the flashing and crosswalk, speed cameras and intermittent warning signs affect on a driving deceleration or not. It has been shown that the flashing and crosswalk and speed cameras except intermittent warning signs play a role of reducing the driving speed. The result showed that these traffic safety facilities help to improve the average speed as well as velocity distribution which was derived by the speed deviation even if there were the difference between facilities. Speed limit display does not affect the deceleration of the driver. Therefore, it was founded in this research that there were the driving speed reduction effect due to the facilities on the road. In order to control the driving speed on the road, it is necessary to install facilities with appropriate location and spacing on the road. In addition, place that turns out suppressed speeding through speed management also are required adequate facilities such as speed cameras.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2018

The number of traffic accidents in Korea has been increasing since 2014. In most school zones, safety signs are installed to prevent children's traffic accidents. However, it has been known that the effects of those signs are not significant. A variable message sign(VMS), one of the components of Intelligent Transport System(ITS), has emerged as an alternative method. Therefore, this study examines relative effects of two different VMS messages(Timely vs. Continuous) on vehicle speed. Experiments were conducted in two school zones. 6,676 vehicles were measured for speed limit compliance. A counterbalanced multiple baseline design was adopted. The results showed that both types of message are effective in reducing the speed of vehicle. Specifically, A timely message was more effective in slowing down vehicle speed and improving speed limit compliance than a continuous message. The present study suggested that a VMS with human factors can be effective.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.138-150
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• 2020

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users. According to one analysis of traffic accidents over a five year period, pedestrians accounted for about 40% of all road traffic deaths in South Korea. Although some policy and engineering approaches have been taken to reduce and prevent traffic accidents, the annual accident change rate is -0.7%, which is insufficient. This study verifies the effectiveness of presenting visual messages to pedestrians and the effect from adding auditory messages to the visual messages. The experiment was conducted on crosswalks adjacent to an intersection, and safety behaviors were recorded for a total of 898 pedestrians and considered sufficient. As a result of the study, overall pedestrian safety behavior improved when both visual and auditory messages were presented, rather than just visual messages. Therefore, the results indicate it is more effective to provide a mixed visual/auditory form of messages, rather than providing single stimulus messages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.74-82
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• 2017

This study was conducted to test the impacts of distractions caused by smartphones on pedestrians whilst walking alongside or across vehicular traffic in a high-density urban zone in South Korea. Through this study, we propose objective evidence for a link between the risk of traffic accidents and distractions from smartphones for pedestrians because of less likely notice activities surrounding road along their walking. This means that smartphones usage may cause inattentional blindness even during a simple activity that should require few cognitive resources. We conducted an experiment comparing pedestrian behavioral patterns of walking with smartphone distractions (such as listening to music with earphones or sending text messages) and normal walking without any distractions. In the experiment, participants walked along a pedestrian path prescribed by researchers and were observed at 8 points which were as follows: two observation points through which participants were instructed to listen to music whilst walking, two points where participants were instructed to send text messages, and four points through which participants were instructed not to use a smartphone at all. According to pedestrian behavior analysis, there is a trend for attention to be distributed amongst whatever other activities pedestrians are doing whilst walking. Therefore, this study proposes that pedestrians walking with such distractions are at a higher risk of traffic accidents compared to those who walk without such distractions. Thus, we advise for the South Korean government to consider ways to traffic policy that will enhance traffic safety for pedestrians.