• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.6_1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

As North Korea has a sufficient ability to attack our society's vulnerable computer network, various large-scale cyber attacks are expected to be tried. North Korea's cyber military strength is known a world-class level. The number of its cyber agents is increasing consistently. Recently North Korea's cyber attack has been made regardless of trick and target. But up to now North Korea's cyber attack is more of an exploration than a real attack. Its purpose was to check how fast Korea found a problem and recovered from it. In future, cyber attack that damages substantially is highly probable. In case of an attack against national infrastructure like traffic, financial and energy services, the extent of the damage will be great beyond imagination. In this paper, characteristics of recent North Korea's cyber attack is addressed in depth and countermeasures such as the enactment of cyber terror prevention law, simulation training enforcement, private and public cooperation system construction, cyber security infrastructure expansion, etc. are proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2000

The collisions at sea among marine casualties are not reduced as the tonnage and speed of ship's increase as well as the traffic quantity increase at sea, in spite of the improvement of nautical equipment, enforcement of crew's education and training as well as improvement of quality standard according to the implementation of ISM code. The measures to prevent the collisions at sea are simple, and are composed of six stage.: The first stage is that the officer on duty detect the target from his eye or radar information. The second stage is determining the type and kind of target-ship. The third stage is target tracking; calculation of target speed, course, CPA and TCPA from radar information or visual check. The fourth stage is determination of vessel in danger after calculation of third stage. The fifth stage is the judgement of situation if own ship is stand-on or give way vessel according to the 1972 COLREG. The last stage is to carry out proper action according to 1972 COLREG, under the circumstances. But by the case, the situations are so different under the different external conditions; for example, natural/navigational conditions, crew's human factors, ship's particular, rule or regulation, management system on board, the condition of watch keeping. Therefore the reasons and casualties are so complicated. This study aims to investigate the collision casualty at sea which needs to clarity all these causal factors of afore-mentioned, and to analyze the causes of problems so as to utilize them to establish the measures of preventing marine accidents. This study, described the concepts of causal factors into three groups; environmental factor, and company/on board management system and navigator's act. Also described how to investigate and analyzes the casual factors. Even though it was described in this paper how to detect the causal factors and reasons of collisions, and how to analyze the inter-relation of each causal factors, it is necessary to do further study how to analyze between the liability of concerned parties and the casual factors involved.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2019

In 2001, about 20 years after the introduction of the standard buoys, the natural environment and maritime traffic flow changes in the waters near Korea and the necessity of improvement of the AtoN (Aids to Navigation) maintenance was suggested. The IALA provides guidelines for maintenance and management of AtoN, and Korea provides guidelines for the management and operation of standard buoys by means of the Enforcement on the AtoN laws. The objective of this study was to investigate the installation status and the repair status of the standard type buoys by sea area in order to improve the management and operation of the steel standard buoys. In addition, a survey was conducted on the improvement of the steel buoy fouling and the improvement of the lifting inspection cycle towards on the AtoN managers and producers of the representative authority by sea area. In the case of LL-26 (M) buoy type, the standard type buoy installation status of Korea in 2017 was 57.1%, and the LL-26 (M) type was 58.9% showing the highest repair rate. According to the results of the survey on buoys fouling, 51.2% were caused by the attachment of shellfish, and 43.2% were caused by bird feces. The results of the survey on the improvement of the regular buoy inspection cycle showed that the measures are to maintain the current inspection period of 2 years regardless of the characteristics of the sea area (water depth, inside and outside port, buoy size, etc.).

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.153-172
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• 2018

Overloading of Commercial vehicles have been an important area of transportation as one of the main causes of pavement damage, bridge collapse, severe traffic accident, etc. In this study, we analyzed the effects of overweight prevention by analyzing overweight driving patterns and using weight sensors. First, we analyzed relevant literatures of overweight and surveyed the commercial weight sensors. Then we chose the typical type of overweight vehicles based of overweight enforcement data analysis. MEMs inclinometer weight sensor were installed to 10 test vehicles and data was collected by weight sensors and gps in real time. As a result of gross vehicle weight and axle weight analysis, it was found weight sensor could decrease overweight rate. However, since the number of samples of test vehicles is insufficient to represent the whole commercial vehicle, further studies are deemed possible through the extension test.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2022

Purpose: The increasing use of electric personal mobility devices (ePMDs) has been accompanied by an increasing incidence of associated accidents. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of ePMD-related injuries and their associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance database from 2014 to 2018. All patients who were injured while operating an ePMD were eligible. The primary outcome was the rate of severe injury, defined as an excess mortality ratio-adjusted Injury Severity Score of ≥25. We calculated the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of outcomes associated with ePMD-related injuries. Results: Of 1,391,980 injured patients, 684 (0.05%) were eligible for inclusion in this study. Their median age was 28 years old, and most injuries were sustained by men (68.0%). The rate of ePMD-related injuries increased from 3.1 injuries per 100,000 population in 2014 to 100.3 per 100,000 population in 2018. A majority of the injuries occurred on the street (32.7%). The most commonly injured area was the head and face (49.6%), and the most common diagnosis was superficial injuries or contusions (32.9%). Being aged 55 years or older (AOR, 3.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-11.36) and operating an ePMD while intoxicated (AOR, 2.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-5.08) were associated with severe injuries. Conclusions: The number of emergency room visits due to ePMD-related injuries is increasing. Old age and drunk driving are both associated with serious injuries. Active traffic enforcement and safety regulations regarding ePMDs should be implemented to prevent severe injuries caused by ePMD-related accidents.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2024

In the transportation sector, reducing total vehicle mileage and passenger vehicle traffic are proposed as strategies to achieve carbon neutrality. To achieve this, MaaS services must be actively promoted with the goal of revitalizing public transportation. In order to promote MaaS, individual movement data is required, such as the individual's means of movement, route, and conversion of the individual's means of use. However, in Korea, there are legal limitations in collecting and utilizing data on individual movements. As the right to request transmission of personal information was newly established in the revised Personal Information Protection Act in 2023, a law was established to collect and utilize data on individual movements. However, enforcement ordinance, detailed rules, instructions, guidelines must be prepared, and the standardization of data format and transmission system for collecting my data needs to take precedence.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.387-416
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• 2013

This study's purpose is to present the improvement of effectiveness of security activity for international conference which can be held hereafter. On the basis of security activity problems originating in G20 summit meeding that had been held in Seoul in 2010. I made up questions three times to on the members of the police, military, fire figher and national intelligence service who had experienced in Seoul G20 summit meeding and recognition of possible problem and possibility of improvement on each item of questions was analyzed by Delphi Method. Also interviews with 4 security experts selected from each security agency were conducted to present improvement in each part of problem. The results obtained from the face to face interview with four experts of security-enforcement agency about the role of event site activity stage for international conference are as followings; First, 'security protocol section' protocol and security are needed mutual win-win enough to be compared with adaptative relationship, thereby being demanded the closer cooperation and information exchange. Second, 'situation management section' there is a need of reinforcing the cooperative system between situation rooms of each agency in order to possibly operate all of the security manpower integrally, which are dispersed by function and by event site, in addition to the swift and organic information exchange between wide-area local government and all the security agencies focusing on a preparation planning group. Third, 'security manpower resource management section' there is a need of encouragement and interest in the leadership in order to devise system that all of the security manpower can concentrate on event and to be possibly satisfied the given conditions. Fourth, 'local government cooperative support section' the wide-area local government of a hosting city as international city operates several kinds of the facilities for international conference, supports operation of conference, achieves a ripple effect of event such as tourism, maximizes service of accomodations, and performs the primary responsibility for the maintenance of the traffic facilities, thereby needing to execute special inspection under the responsibility of Si-Do governors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.119-127
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• 2012

For traffic safety, it is imperative for motorists to secure their clear view and to maintain a similar speed with others while driving in a lane. Large-sized vehicles at lower speeds, however, are likely to increase the risk of accident when they share a lane with cars. Although to overcome this complication the Korean Road Traffic Act established rules for the safe use of roads, the reality is that the rules are seldom observed strictly. In this light, this study was designed to analyze the severity of truck-involved accidents, thereby providing justification for the need of truck-designated lanes and thus contributing to measuring road safety more precisely. A binomial logistic regression model was applied to analyze the severity of truck-involved accidents. The analysis showed that several variables affect the severity of truck-involved accidents on freeways; i.e., violation against the rule of truck-designated lanes, weather, difference between daytime and nighttime, and parking on road shoulder. Moreover, the strong enforcement will be needed to make motorists observe the rule, because a Wald statistical test showed that the violation against the rule of truck-designated lanes has the largest influence on the severity.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.531-538
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• 2016

Driving behaviors such as speeding and illegal u-turn which violate traffic rules are main causes of car accidents, and they can lead to serious accidents. Bus drivers are less aware of dangers of illegal u-turn, and infrastructures such as traffic enforcement equipment and watchmen are deficient. This research aims to develop technology for estimating driving behaviors based on map-matching in order to prevent illegal u-turns. For this research, 23,782 of u-turn permit data and 146,000 of speed limit data are collected nationwide, and an estimation algorithm is built with these data. Then, an application based on android is developed, and finally, tests are conducted to assess the accuracy in data computations and GPS data map-matching, and to extrapolate driving behavior. As a result of the tests, the accuracy results in the map-matching is 86% and the assessment of driving behavior is 83%, while the display of the data output yielded 100% accuracy. Additional research should focus on improvement in accuracy through the development of a robust monitoring system, and study of service scenarios for technology application.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 2017

As the use of private cars increases along with the technological advancement in the automobile industries and their capabilities to supply, a wide range of issues are followed including the increase in traffic congestion costs, pavement damages and more. In spite of consistent effort to resolve such urban traffic problems, the modal share rate of private cars continuously increases, thus it is becoming more important to explore the ways to enable drivers to take reasonable measures, in self-motivated manner, by taking part of the transportation demand management policy rather than to rely on the strict enforcement of control policy. Considering that the urban transportation infrastructures are in much better shape than before, it is necessary to implement Mobility Management (MM) that induces reasonable usage of private cars by promoting the change in one's consciousness and behavior through communication. Hence, the research studies the factors that influence the mobility through the survey targeting the citizens of Busan on their awareness on the former transportation demand management policy, to explore the ways to motivate the citizens' involvement in reducing the use of private cars as a measure of Mobility Management.