• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.7-17
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors that contribute to head injuries among drivers of personal mobility devices and provide insights into safety perceptions. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data of 221 trauma patients obtained from electronic medical records and the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) over one year, from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022. The patients, all in their 20s and 30s, presented to a single emergency medical center following personal mobility device accidents (motorcycles, electric scooters, and bicycles). Results: Among motorcycle riders, 18.2% were not wearing helmets, while the percentage of e-scooter riders not wearing helmets was 87.5%. Wearing a helmet was associated with a 71.2% lower likelihood of head injuries (OR=0.288, CI=0.163 to 0.509, p=0.000). Of the personal mobility devices, motorcycles had a 0.431 times lower odds ratio for head injury compared to e-scooters (p=0.009), and there was no significant difference between e-scooters and bicycles (p=0.776). Conclusion: It is imperative to strengthen safety regulations by mandating helmet use for riders of personal mobility devices. A system to enhance driving enforcement for electric scooters, which are increasingly popular among young adults, should also be established.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.217-233
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• 2024

The demand for two-wheelers has increased in recent years, driven by the growing delivery culture, which has also led to a rise in the number of two-wheelers. Although two-wheelers are economically efficient in congested traffic conditions, reckless driving and ambiguous traffic laws for two-wheelers have turned two-wheeler accidents into a significant social issue. Given the high fatality rate associated with two-wheelers, the severity and risk of two-wheeler accidents are considerable. It is, therefore, crucial to thoroughly understand the characteristics of two-wheeler accidents by analyzing their attributes. In this study, the characteristics of two-wheeled vehicle accidents were categorized using the K-prototypes algorithm, based on data from two-wheeled vehicle accidents. As a result, the accidents were divided into four clusters according to their characteristics. Each cluster showed distinct traits in terms of the roads where accidents occurred, the major laws violated, the types of accidents, and the times of accident occurrences. By tailoring enforcement methods and regulations to the specific characteristics of each type of accident, we can reduce the incidence of accidents involving two-wheelers in metropolitan areas, thereby enhancing road safety. Furthermore, by applying machine learning techniques to urban transportation and safety, this study adds to the body of related literature.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6D
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• pp.755-764
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• 2011

At the present, planning and installation of parking space sections and lane width are implemented in accordance with the installation standard and parking lot structure by the enforcement regulations of the Parking Act. While large and RV (Recreational Vehicle) vehicles have increased in number recently, parking is complex with improper installation standards. It causes serious problems, including vehicle vandalism, increased civil complaints, travel inconveniences for parking lot users, management and maintenance issues for parking lots, and so forth. The study, therefore, determined that the practical and appropriate realignment of parking unit adjustment and lane width regulations are essential. The study conducted prior review on domestic parking sections and change cases of composition by vehicle types, including the component ratio of domestic and foreign vehicles, width of vehicle by types in order to examine the parking problems that account for a increasing social issues, and provided parking plan methods by types of vehicle, as well as reform and reaction plans for parking unit adjustment and lane width considering security and smooth traffic flow. After comparing and analyzing between estimated installation of parking space and lane width and internal and external cases, the study suggests the improvement that considers expenses and convenience of a driver. Also, it shows installation of parking space that considers traffic safety, improvement of lane width, and parking way depends on vehicle types. By providing estimation for parking planning and parking planning methods that secure safe and smooth traffic flow within a parking lot, the study will contribute to the development of improved alternatives for cost-effective traffic safety and set-up structure, including installation standards of parking lots.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.786-799
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• 2018

Recently, NFV has attracted attention as a next-generation network virtualization technology for hardware -independent and efficient utilization of resources. NFV is a technology that not only virtualize computing, server, storage, network resources based on cloud computing but also connect Multi-Tenant of VNFs, a software network function. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost for constructing a physical network and to construct a logical network quickly by using NFV. However, in NFV, when a new VNF is added to a running Tenant, authentication between VNFs is not performed. Because of this problem, it is impossible to identify the presence of Fake-VNF in the tenant. Such a problem can cause an access from malicious attacker to one of VNFs in tenant as well as other VNFs in the tenant, disabling the NFV environment. In this paper, we propose Auto-configurable Security Mechanism in NFV including authentication between tenant-internal VNFs, and enforcement mechanism of security policy for traffic control between VNFs. This proposal not only authenticate identification of VNF when the VNF is registered, but also apply the security policy automatically to prevent malicious behavior in the tenant. Therefore, we can establish an independent communication channel for VNFs and guarantee a secure NFV environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2014

According to the prediction of Aviation Industry Corporation of China, in the next 20 years, China will have an increase of 4,583 civilian airliners, including 3,682 jumbo jets and 901 regional aircrafts. Chinese commercial aviation aircraft market will undoubtedly grow rapidly. until the year 2030, China's share of the global aircraft fleet will increase from 9% to 15%. In addition, the business jet market has a huge growing room in the global industry, the deliveries will reach 10,000 units in the next 10 years, and the Chinese market deliveries will reach 23,600 in the next 20 years. China's aviation market, is and will be enormous in the future. It is one of the main engines of economic growth in the field. China's civil aviation transportation is based on dazzling economic development. Air transport is the fastest growing power for the time being. China's aviation sector will have an average annual gross of about 10%, and more likely to continued growing and it is expected to be world's major aviation market around the world. As the result, since one of future the important industries will be emerged, Air policy enforcement and considering the reality of our future prospects for the airline industry presented.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.300-309
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• 2007

본 연구는 신호교차로에서의 딜레마 죤 범위를 산정하고 신호위반 단속의 허용 범위를 분석하는데 있다. 각 교차로 접근로별 조사 자료를 토대로 딜레마 죤의 범위를 산정하였고, 이를 토대로 신호위반 단속에 있어 딜레마 죤의 영향을 최소화 할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 기존의 딜레마 죤에 관한 연구에서는 인지-반응 시간과 황색신호시간을 초기값으로 적용하였으나 본 연구에서는 해당 교차로의 조사치를 적용하였다. 조사 방법으로 속도조사는 스피드 건을 이용하여 각각의 대상 교차로별 접근로에서 접근 속도 및 통과 속도를 조사하였으며, 운전자의 인지-반응 시간 및 황색신호시간에 교차로를 통과하는 차량조사는 비디오 촬영을 통하여 조사하였다. 이러한 조사된 자료를 토대로 신호위반 단속기준에 맞추어 딜레마 죤에 관하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 딜레마 죤은 최소정지거리($d_0$)가 최대통과거리($d_c$)보다 클 때 존재하는 것으로 보았으며, 그 차이만큼의 딜레마 죤이 발생하는 것으로 정의하였다. 이에 신호위반 단속을 함에 있어딜레마 죤의 영향을 최소화 할 수 있는 방안 등을 제시하였다. 그러나 각각의 방안을 개별적으로 적용시킬 경우 문제점이 발생하였다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 자기감응식 루프검지기의 위치를 재조정함에 있어 하나의 루프 검지기를 정지선 이후에 존재함과 동시에 황색신호시간을 재조정하거나, 자기감응식 루프검지기의 작동시간을 재조정하는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 3개의 교차로를 비교대상으로 선정하여 각각의 교통환경에 따른 접근로별 딜레마죤의 범위를 최소화하기 위한 대안을 제시하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.5322-5342
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• 2016

In vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks, where selfishness degrades node activity, countermeasures for collaboration enforcement must be provided to enable application of a sage and efficient network environment. Because vehicular networks feature both high mobility and various topologies, selfish behavior judgment and establishment of a stable routing protocol become intensely challenging. In this paper, a two-phase-based generous cooperative routing protocol (called GEC) is presented for V2V networks to provide resistance to selfishness. To detect selfish behaving vehicles, a packet forwarding watchdog and an average connection rate based on the multipath weight method are used, where evidence is gathered from different watchdogs. Then, multihop relay decisions are made using a generous cooperative algorithm based on game theory. Finally, through buffering of the multiple end-to-end paths and judicious choice of optimal cooperative routes, route maintenance phase is capable of dealing with congestion and rapidly exchanging traffic. Specifically, it is proved that the GEC is theoretically subgame perfect. Simulation results show that for V2V networks with inherently selfish nodes, the proposed method isolates uncooperative vehicles and is capable of accommodating both the mobility and congestion circumstances by facilitating information dissemination and reducing end-to-end delay.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.301-311
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• 2013

This paper proposes a policy-based quality of service (QoS) management framework for adaptive routing decisions. We present an approach considering interior gateway protocol (IGP) for path discovery mechanisms and QoS-aware policies for configuring the network elements. The integration of the aforementioned modules into this policy-based network management (PBNM) system is demonstrated by conducting experiments in a real environment, the hellenic public administration network SYZEFXIS. These experiments combine different traffic conditioning mechanisms through event detectors, consider IP service level agreement mechanisms that interoperate with the PBNM system and analyze the enforcement of IGP and QoS policies. Finally, validation and measurement tools are used to prove the efficiency of this framework. It is shown that this architecture offers significantly increased performance and learning capabilities, while the PBNM system achieves adaptive QoS routing through automated configuration considering the avoidance of suboptimal routing issues or under-performance conditions of the network entities.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.95-102
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• 2023

Road accidents not only caused loss of human lives but also costed 3% of gross domestic product in most of the countries. The road accidents pose significant challenges to public safety and urban transportation management. There is a need to identify the high-risk area of accidents along with the critical day of week and vulnerable time period in order to implement effective preventive measures and optimizing the resource allocation. We collected 5,012 accident data from 대구교통종합정보. This study identified the high-risk locations, days of week, and time periods for accidents in Daegu and estimated the conditional probabilities of accidents occurring based on combinations of location, day of the week, and time period. The result is visualized in the form of dashboard in Tableau. This study holds substantial practical significance for urban planners, transportation authorities, and policymakers in Daegu to strategically allocate resources for traffic management, law enforcement, and targeted safety campaigns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2015

To improve and modify the problems in Maritime Traffic Safety Audit(MTSA) Scheme, "Maritime Safety Research Center(MSRC)" in Korea Ship Safety and Technology Authority(KST) was designated as specialized institute for MTSA through general revision of "Enforcement of MTSA"(March 2012). However, the roles of the MSRC such as preliminary review of safety audit report, comments on target project and etc. had not been defined clearly on the related maritime safety laws compared with other specialized institutes in other similar audit scheme. In this research, the improvement strategies were proposed for development of specialized institute through SWOT analysis, gathering the opinion from related professions and also comparison with the roles and current status of operation in other similar specialized institutes. In conclusion, the 'Screen & scoping system', 'Consultant system' were proposed for efficient operation of the MTSA Scheme, and the systematic and operational improvements such as a revision of maritime safety lan and etc. were also suggested for integrated management about costal development works, development of specialized institute.