• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.801-810
• /
• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess Korea's traditional ritual food culture, and to compare two types of ancestral rites the Hyang-Sa and Bool-cheon-wi rites which were held in the Daegu and Andong regions of Korea. In this study, we describe the performance of the Bool-cheon-wi rites held by two head families located near the Andong area namely, the head family of Seoae Ryu Seong-Ryong(1542-1607)(Seoae) who was well-respected for his writings and personality, and the head family of Dangye Ha Wee-Ji(1412-1456)(Dangye) who was well-known and famous as one of the members of the Sa-ryuk-sin. This research was conducted via diredt engagement in these memorial services and several interviews with the families. The results were summarized as follows; Foods used in the Hyang-sa rites including Mae(bap), Kook, Jaban(Jogee), Po(dried fish), Juck, boiled and seasoned vegetables, fruits, confections, and liquor. Jobap and Ssalbap were used as Mae at SD(Seo Dalsung), and PMPH(Pahoi Myogul Habin Park) used Jo, Hyunmy, Pi and Susu in the raw. The dishes on the table were arranged as follows. A wine cup was placed in the first row, Po(a dried pollack), and jujube and nuts in the second row, Ryukpo(slices of dried beef), Sangeogogi were set at the third row, and Soegogi, pork, Mu, and Minary were placed in the fourth row, and the head of the pig was placed in the center of the table at SD. A wine cup, Soegogi, and pork were positioned in the first row, Mu, Minary, Pi and Susu were placed in the second row, and Jogee, Jo, and Hyunmy were placed in the third row at PMPH. The sacrificial foods offered for Bool-cheon-wi rites were as follows; Mae(bap) Kook noodle Jogee Tang(stew) Po Juck Tucks boiled, seasoned and salted vegetables Jeon fruit confectioneries liquor(chungju). The head family of Seoae Yu Seong-Ryong utilized 5 types of Tang(meat stew, fish stew, chicken stew, vegetable stew, seafood stew), whereas the head family of Dangye Ha Wee-Ji utilized 3 kinds of Tang(meat stew, fish stew, vegetable stew). As a basic Tuck, Shi-roo-tuck(a steamed rice cake), piled up to 25 layers, was primarily utilized. In particular, Jung-Gae(Seoae's favorite food) was placed on the table. For grilled-meat food(Juck), Yu's family used raw meat and Ha's family the half-cooked meat. The main types of Jucks used were meat-Juck, fish-Juck, chicken-Juck, and these were not served one by one. Hyang-sa and Bool-cheon-wi rites have an the educational function, in that they allow for the carrying out of filial duties by a heartfelt performance of performing the ceremony, by taking great care from the pre-rite preparations to the post-rite period. In addition, these rites have various meanings, as events that strengthen the ties of blood relations of ancestors and themselves, and to promote and harmonize family friendships, they may also have religious meaning in the culture, as prayers are offered that all the family's descendants may be blessed, live long and enjoy abundance whlie respecting their ancestors. As for the role of Hyang-sa and Bool-cheon-wi rites in today's nuclear family society, it can be said that these rites remain especially important as a method to strengthen community consciousness by fostering an understanding of the meaning of existence itself, and thus inspiring the roots of consciousness.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.111-132
• /
• 1999

This correlational descriptive study sought to define the relationship between the experience of Sanhujori, Korean tradition non-professional postpartal care after delivery and abortion and present physical symptom distress of arthritis female who visited to outpatient clinic of rheumatic internal medicine at three hospital located in Seoul, Pusan, Chongju, Korea. Data from a convenience sample of 98 women who orally agreed to be respondent were collected from September 1, 1998 to October 31, 1998 for two months by way of interview with semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis consisted of frequency, percentage, mean, S. D., Pearson Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc by SPSS. The results of the study were as follows ; Mean age of participants as 52.8 years and mean number of children 3.3. Mean frequency of child birth was 3.1 times per woman, 67.4% of respondents had menopause, 57.0% did not have Sunhujori after abortion. The health status implies the subjective health status women perceived, which came from the three points of view of the present, comparative with other of same age and changed after delivery. The respondents of 76.1% perceived them as unhealthy and the main sites of physical symptom distress were upper & lower extremities including knee and hand 34.8%, shoulder 26.5%, waist 22.4%. Women perceived the etiology of the arthritis as 'did Sanhujori wrongly' 36.7%, 'aging process' 24.5%, 'stress' 16.3%, 'overwork' 15.3%, 'Immunocompromize' & 'physical constitution' 7.1% respectively, 'character' 3.1%, 'genetic' 2.0%, 'malnutrition' 1.0%. The mean period of Sanhujori after delivery was 20.4 at the first child and 18.1 at the second child. The higher frequency of child birth, the shorter period of Sanhujori. For the subjective evaluation of whether the women did Sanhujori well or not, the rate of 'did Sanhujori well' was the highest rank in the first child and the rate of 'did not particularly Sanhujori well' was the highest rank in the last child. There was a significant positive correlation between physical function disability and rheumatoid arthritis symptom at the level of 1% of significance statistically(r=.406). And a positive correlation between physical function disability and Sanhubyung symptom at the level of 5% of significance statistically(r=.224). There was a significant positive correlation among rheumatoid arthritis symptom, Sanhubyung symptom and menopause symptom at the level of 1%-5% of significance statistically. Most of all, the correlation between Sanhubyung symptom and menopause symptom was the higher than others. There was a negative correlation between the present physical symptom distress and experience of Sanhujori(r=.-130), however it was not significant statistically. However, there was a positive correlation between subjective health status and experience of Sanhujori at the level of 1% of significance statistically(r=.328). In conclusion, this finding reconfirmed the positive relationship between the perceived health status and experience of Sanhujori after delivery among women of arthritis. It provides a challenge to the professional care givers to study further on the effects of Sanhuiori after abortion or delivery on the physical symptom distress from the variouis aspects through the cross-sectional and longitudinal research. The strategy for the development of the appropriate intervention for primary prevention of sequele after childbirth and quality of care for desirable health outcomes for postpartal women with considering deeply on the relationship between women's health and postapartal care.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.143-172
• /
• 2012

기업과 소비자간 전자 상거래 시장이 급속히 성장하고 있으나 많은 전문가들은 아직도 그 잠재력을 충분히 발휘하지 못하고 있다고 주장한다. 이에 대한 이유로 온라인 쇼핑환경이 지니는 인간적 사회적 요소의 부재를 들고 있다. 온라인 쇼핑은 전통적인 면대면 상거래에 비해 보다 비인적이며 익명성이 강해 인간적인 온정과 사회성이 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 전통적 상거래에 비해 온라인 쇼핑이 가지는 태생적 한계인 면대면 사회적 상호작용을 대신할 수 있는 개념으로 사회적 실재감을 도입하여 사회적 실재감의 선 후행변수간의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구주제와 관련 있는 마케팅, 심리학, 커뮤니케이션 연구분야의 연구결과들을 고찰하였으며, 이를 기반으로 하여 연구모형을 제시하였다. 제시된 연구모형을 검증하기 위하여 자기 보고식 설문지를 사용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 본 설문의 응답자들은 최소 5회 이상 인터넷 구매를 경험한 소비자들로 구성하였는데, 이는 사회적 실재감에 대한 지각은 인터넷 쇼핑몰과의 잦은 접촉이 있어야만 생길 수 있는 지각으로 판단하였기 때문이다. 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 쇼핑몰의 맞춤화 노력은 지각된 사회적 실재감에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 쇼핑몰의 반응성 역시 지각된 사회적 실재감에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 쇼핑몰은 고객의 요구에 다양한 방법으로 신속하고 성실하게 반응함으로써 사회적 실재감을 높일 수 있다. 셋째, 지각된 게시판 활동성은 사회적 실재감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 쇼핑몰 운영자는 자사 게시판을 적극적으로 활성화하여 소비자의 사회적 실재감을 높일 수 있을 것이다. 마지막으로 지각된 사회적 실재감은 쇼핑몰 신뢰와 즐거움에 영향을 미치고 쇼핑몰 신뢰와 즐거움은 쇼핑몰 충성도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 기존 온라인 쇼핑에 관한 연구의 중심이 되고 있는 쇼핑몰 충성도와 신뢰 형성에 사회적 실재감이 중요한 영향요인임을 의미하는 것으로 쇼핑몰 신뢰와 충성도를 위한 새로운 전략적 시사점을 제공하고 있다고 볼 수 있다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2010

Objectives : It is necessary that the international classification of diseases (ICD) be examined in order to comprise the third revision of the Korean Classification of Disease on Oriental Medicine (KCD-OM) and disease classification in the oriental internal medicine field. It is essential that the selection, classification and definition of disease and pattern names of oriental concepts in internal medicine be clear. Since 2008, the fifth revision of the Korean Classification of Disease (KCD-5) has been used in Korea. It was required to use the reference classification from the Oriental medicine area based on the ICD-10. Methods : In this review, the necessity for, meaning of and content of the third revision are briefly described. The ICD system was reviewed and KCD-OM was reconstructed. How diagnosis in the oriental internal medicine area had changed is discussed. Review and Results : In 1973, the disease classification of oriental medicine was established the basis on the contents of Dongeuibogam. It was irrespective of the ICD. As to the classification system in the Oriental internal medicine field, systemic disease was comprised of wind, cold, warm, wet, dryness, heat, spirit, ki, blood, phlegm and retained fluid, consumptive disease, etc. Diseases of internal medicine comprised a system according to the five viscera and the six internal organs and followed the classification system of Dongeuibogam. The first and second revisions were of the classification system based on the curriculum in 1979 and 1995. In 1979, in the first revision, geriatric disease and idiopathic types of disease were deleted, and skin disease was included among surgery diseases. This classification was expanded to 792 small classification items and 1,535 detailed classification items to the dozen disease classes. In 1995, in the second revision, it was adjusted to 644 small classes and 1,784 detailed classification items in the dozen disease classes. KCD-OM3 did KCD from this basis. It added and comprised the oriental medical doctor's concept names of diseases considering the special conditions in Korea. KCD-OM3 examined the KCD-OMsecond revised edition (1994). It improved the duplex classification, improper classifications, etc. It is difficult for us to separate the disease names and pattern names in oriental medicine. We added to the U code and made one classification system. By considering the special conditions in Korea, 169 codes (83 disease name codes, 86 pattern name codes) became the pre-existence classification and links among 306 U codes of KCD-OM3. 137 codes were newly added in the third revision. U code added 3 domains. These are composed of the disease name (U20-U33, 97 codes), the disease pattern name (U50-U79, 191 codes) and the constitution pattern name of each disease (U95-U98, 18 codes). Conclusion : The introduction of KCD-OM3 conforms to the diagnostic system by which oriental medical doctors examine classes used with the basic structure of the reference classification of WHO and raises the clinical study and academic activity of the Korean oriental medicine and makes the production of all kinds of nation statistical indices possible. The introduction of KCD-OM3 promotes the diagnostic system by which doctors of Oriental medicine examine classes using the association with KCD-5. It will raise the smoothness and efficiency of oriental medical treatment payments in the health insurance, automobile insurance, industrial accident compensation insurance, etc. In addition, internationally, the eleventh revision work of the ICD has been initiated. It needs to consider incorporating into the International Classification of Diseases some of every country's traditional medicine.

• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제39권
• /
• pp.350-373
• /
• 1999

이 연구는 미국내에서도 지역 정신보건제도가 가장 잘 확립되어 있는 것으로 평가를 받는 캘리포니아주의 주립병원에 입원한 환자들이 어떻게 변화되어 왔는가, 특히 탈시설화운동이 시작된 1960년대 이후 입원환자의 추세를 고찰하는 데 연구의 목적이 있다. 그리고 이를 토대로 앞으로 한국의 정신병원에서 예견되는 변화를 포함한 정신 보건제도의 발전을 위한 정책적 함의를 도출하고자 한다. 연구의 방법으로는 각종 통계자료를 비롯한 문헌조사를 시작으로 직접 현지를 방문하여 주정신보건국과 카운티정신보건국의 각종 데이터를 이용하였으며, 또 실제 주립병원들을 직접 답사하여 각종 시설 및 프로그램의 현황 등을 분석하였다. 1851년 최초의 주립병원이 설립된 이후 입원환자의 수는 계속 증가하여 1959년에는 10개의 병원에 37,489명으로 최고에 달하였다. 그러다가 1970년 12,240명, 1980년 5,314명, 그리고 1997년에는 4개의 병원에 약 89%가 줄어든 4,263명으로 환자의 수가 감소하였다. 이처럼 입원환자의 급격한 감소에 따라 주립병원의 존립에 대한 논란은 많지만, 당분간은 늘어나는 사법 처리된 환자들의 주 치료기관으로 존속될 전망이다. 이러한 연구결과로 보아 한국의 전문정신병원의 입원환자들도 지역 정신보건제도가 발전하게 됨에 따라 향후 감소될 것이 일반적인 전망이므로 정신병원의 서비스프로그램의 다양화와 지역사회 중심의 재활 및 사회복귀를 위한 다각적인 노력이 요청된다. 최근까지 우리나라의 정신보건정책은 단순히 정신의료기관과 정신요양시설의 병상수 증설에만 치중해 왔으며, 정신질환이라는 문제를 약물치료나 정신치료에만 의존하여 해결하려는 의학적, 임상적 모델에 의존해왔다(황성동, 1996). 그러나 미국에서는 탈시설화(deinstitutionalization) 운동이 본격적으로 일어나기 시작한 1960년대 초반 이후로 지역사회를 중심으로 각종 정신사회재활서비스를 적극적으로 제공하는 지역사회 정신보건서비스가 보편적인 모델로 정착되었다. 그래서 많은 환자들을 주립병원에 장기간 수용하는 것을 지양하고 환자의 생환거점인 지역사회 내에서 다양한 재활치료를 통해 사회적 기능을 회복하고 사회에 복귀시키려는 접근법이 보편적인 정신보건정책이자 실천방향이 되었던 것이다(Bell, 1989; Torrey, 1997; Watkins & Callicutt, 1997). 그리고 이러한 미국의 정신보건제도의 변화는 곧 세계적인 추세가 되었다. 다행히 최근 들어 한국에서도 정신의학계와 정부에서 지역사회 정신보건모델에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 1997년부터 시행된 정신보건법에는 이 모델의 활용에 대한 조항들이 구체적으로 명시되어 있다. 그러므로 이제 한국의 정신보건제도도 종래의 장기입원 중심의 전통적 모델에서 지역사회중심의 정신보건서비스 모델로 전환을 시도하고 있다고 하겠으며, 이에 따라 그 동안 정신보건치료의 중심이 되어온 전문 정신병원의 역할과 기능에 많은 변화가 있을 것이라는 예측이 가능할 수 있다. 이러한 때에 선진 각국의 정신보건제도가 지역 정신보건체제로 전환되면서 그 동안 정신치료의 중심적 역할을 맡아 온 전문 정신병원에 어떠한 변화가 일어났는가에 대한 고찰은 앞으로 우리나라의 정신보건정책을 수립하는 데 매우 유익할 것이다. 따라서 이 연구는 미국 내에서도 지역 정신보건제도가 가장 잘 확립되어 있는 것으로 평가받고 있는 캘리포니아주를 연구 지역으로 하여, 종래에 정신치료의 중심이 되어 온 주립 정신병원에 입원한 환자들이 어떻게 변화되어 왔는가를 고찰하는 데 연구의 목적이 있다. 특히 정신보건제도의 역사상 큰 획을 긋는 탈시설화운동 이후에 일어난 변화의 추세를 고찰하는 데 중점을 두었다. 그리고 이 연구의 결과를 기초로 앞으로 우리나라의 정신보건서비스 전달체계의 변화에 따른 전문 정신병원의 변화를 모색하고, 정신보건제도의 전반적인 발전을 위한 정책적 시사점을 얻고자 한다. 연구의 방법으로는 각종 통계자료를 비롯한 문헌조사를 시작으로 직접 현지를 방문하여 주 정신보건국과 카운티 정신보건국의 각종 데이터를 이용하였으며, 또 실제 주립병원들을 직접 답사하여 각종 시설 및 프로그램의 현황 등을 분석 고찰하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권10호
• /
• pp.1544-1557
• /
• 2020

Objective: Genomic selection (GS) is becoming popular in animals' genetic development. We, therefore, investigated the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) as tool for GS, and compared its efficacy with the traditional pedigree BLUP (pedBLUP) method. Methods: A total of 9,952 males born between 1997 and 2018 under Hanwoo proven-bull selection program was studied. We analyzed body weight at 12 months and carcass weight (kg), backfat thickness, eye muscle area, and marbling score traits. About 7,387 bulls were genotyped using Illumina 50K BeadChip Arrays. Multiple-trait animal model analyses were performed using BLUPF90 software programs. Breeding value accuracy was calculated using two methods: i) Pearson's correlation of genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) with EBV of all animals (r_M1) and ii) correlation using inverse of coefficient matrix from the mixed-model equations (r_M2). Then, we compared these accuracies by overall population, info-type (PHEN, phenotyped-only; GEN, genotyped-only; and PH+GEN, phenotyped and genotyped), and bull-types (YBULL, young male calves; CBULL, young candidate bulls; and PBULL, proven bulls). Results: The r_M1 estimates in the study were between 0.90 and 0.96 among five traits. The r_M1 estimates varied slightly by population and info-type, but noticeably by bull-type for traits. Generally average r_M2 estimates were much smaller than r_M1 (pedBLUP, 0.40 to0.44; ssGBLUP, 0.41 to 0.45) at population level. However, r_M2 from both BLUP models varied noticeably across info-types and bull-types. The ssGBLUP estimates of r_M2 in PHEN, GEN, and PH+ GEN ranged between 0.51 and 0.63, 0.66 and 0.70, and 0.68 and 0.73, respectively. In YBULL, CBULL, and PBULL, the r_M2 estimates ranged between 0.54 and 0.57, 0.55 and 0.62, and 0.70 and 0.74, respectively. The pedBLUP based r_M2 estimates were also relatively lower than ssGBLUP estimates. At the population level, we found an increase in accuracy by 2.0% to 4.5% among traits. Traits in PHEN were least influenced by ssGBLUP (0% to 2.0%), whereas the highest positive changes were in GEN (8.1% to 10.7%). PH+GEN also showed 6.5% to 8.5% increase in accuracy by ssGBLUP. However, the highest improvements were found in bull-types (YBULL, 21% to 35.7%; CBULL, 3.3% to 9.3%; PBULL, 2.8% to 6.1%). Conclusion: A noticeable improvement by ssGBLUP was observed in this study. Findings of differential responses to ssGBLUP by various bulls could assist in better selection decision making as well. We, therefore, suggest that ssGBLUP could be used for GS in Hanwoo proven-bull evaluation program.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.1-27
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 프랜차이즈 본사의 선택속성으로서 사전지원, 사후지원, 지각된 사업성과, 가맹본부와 가맹점의 커뮤니케이션, 가맹본부의 모럴해저드 등 외생변수가 매개변수인 가맹점의 만족과 위험지각에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 이들 매개 변수가 다시 신뢰와 결과변수인 재계약의도에 미치는 영향관계를 분석하였다. 기존의 연구들과 차별점으로, 가맹본부의 가맹점에 대한 지원을 개점 전 지원인 사전지원으로, 개점 후 지원인 사후지원으로 구분하였고, 가맹점이 실제 사업운영 과정에서 느끼는 가장 중요한 지각된 사업성, 그리고 가맹본부와 가맹점의 쌍방향성의 커뮤니케이션 정도, 또 가맹본부의 모럴해저드를 연구모델에 설정하여 가맹점 만족, 위험지각, 신뢰, 재계약의도 등의 관계를 프랜차이즈 시스템의 실질적 관점에서 조사한 점이라고 할 수 있다. 연구결과 (1)가맹본부의 사전지원, 사후지원, 지각된 사업성, 커뮤니케이션, 모럴해저드는 가맹점 만족에 영향을 미쳤고, (2)지각된 사업성, 커뮤니케이션, 모럴해저드는 위험지각에도 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, (3)만족과 위험지각, 신뢰 모두 재계약의도에 유의한 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 향후 프랜차이즈 산업발전에 발전적인 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 1976

This is the report of a food consumption survey of 193 members of 30 farm families in three rural villages of Korea. From a total of 188 households of the three villages, namely Wolgok in Kyunggi Do Province, Wachon in Kangwon Do Province, and Sobong in Cholla Namdo Province, 30 households were chosen for the survey. Four consecutive seasonal surveys, beginning in the autumn, November 1974 and finishing with the summer, August 1975, were made and each survey covered three consecutive days. The Precise Weighing Method was used in evaluating the kinds of food and nutrient intakes of the subjects. This method entails the accurate weighing of all foods by the investigator just prior to their consumption by the subjects under investigation. This survey was male to determine the actual food eaten by the members of these farm families at each season of the year, and to note any special differences in the foods consumed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Food Intake The traditional ordinary diet of Korean farmers consists mainly of rice and other cereals as staple foods, and simple subsidary foods. The nutritional shortcomings of rice as a staple food are evident in the subclinical status of nutritional deficiencies. The mean consumption of cereals and their products was very high and it was more than half of the daily total food intake throughout all the seasons. The consumption of animal food, fruits, and fat by the farmers was very low. Fruit intake during winter and spring was almost nil. One of the special foods in the Korean dietary pattern is Kim-chi, a variety of pickled and fermented vegetables. The mean intake of Kim-chi during autumn and winter was very much higher than the other seasons. Korean farmers have difficulties in balanced year-round supply of food due to seasonality of food production and lack of food preservation. As nutrition problems of Korean farmers are highly influenced by seasonal variations, the expansion of an appropriate food preservation and storage programme should be encouraged. Special consideration should be given to new methods of preservation, the types of foods preserved, and production and consumption of nutritionally valuable foods for the improvement of the nutritional status in rural communities. Nutrient Intake Average adult rates for calorie and protein in the three study areas were 0.80 and 0.87 respectively, with little variations by villages. The adult caloric intake in averaged 2,928 kcal for autumn, 2,662 for winter, 2,673 for spring, and 2,760 for summer. Cereals contributed most of the total calories. In terms of the recommended daily dietary allowances for the Korean given by the Korea FAO Association, the diets in this survey were adequate except in the winter and spring. The protein intake averaged from 76.4 grams in autumn to 83.4 grams in summer and was near the recommended allowance, but a relatively large proportion of the total protein came from cereals and their products. The fat intake was unsatisfactory, ranging from 19.2 grams to 29.3 grams for the four seasons, and the consumption during farming season was higher than other seasons. It is apparent that the diet of the Korean farmers should be supplemented by calcium during autumn and winter. The highest calcium intake, with a mean of 583.5 milligrams, was recorded in summer. The mean intake of iron ranged from a low of 9.2 milligrams in the autumn to a high of 15.0 milligrams in the spring and it was satisfactory for all seasons. Among the vitamin group, the daily average intakes of vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid were lower than the desired intake throughout all the seasons. The mean vitamin A intake as ${\beta}-carotene$ ranged from a low of 2,807.8 IU to a high of 5,221.0 IU. The thiamine intake ranged from 0.98 milligrams to 1.19 milligrams, while mean riboflavin intake ranged from 0.92 milligrams to 1.13 milligrams. Ascorbic acid intake was 37.3 milligrams, the lowest, and the highest 47.8 milligrams. Niacin intake among Korean farmers was higher than the recommended allowance throughout all the seasons, and the mean intake ranged from 18.3 milligrams to 25.8 milligrams. The main character of the Korean farmers' diet has been found low in quality of protein and high in carbohydrate. Attention should be paid to the low intake of vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid among Korean farmers.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.64-87
• /
• 2020

한국의 문화재 관리 제도는 일제강점기에 제정 시행된 근대 문화재 법제와 구황실재산 관리 제도를 기반으로 성립되었다. 그동안 학계에서는 근대 문화재 법제를 중심으로 한 문화재 관리 제도에 대한 연구 성과는 축적해 왔으나 문화재 관리 제도의 또 다른 축을 이루고 있는 구황실재산 관리 제도에 대해서는 이를 문화재 제도사 관점에서 접근한 연구가 거의 없다. 구황실재산은 갑오개혁에 의해 봉건적 가산에서 분리 독립하였으나 일제의 식민지 침탈과정에서 정리 해체되어 일제강점기에는 식민지 왕가의 세습 재산으로 관리되었다. 그 후 정부 수립 후인 1954년 「구황실재산법」이 제정 시행됨으로써 구황실재산은 국유화와 함께 역사적 고전적 문화재로 규정되었고 구황실재산사무총국에 의해 관리되었다. 이때 구황실재산 중 영구 보존 재산으로 지정된 재산은 1963년 「문화재보호법」 1차 개정 시 부칙 제2조에 의거 국유 문화재로 정식 편입됨으로써 민족의 문화유산으로 인정받았다.결론적으로 말해서 한국의 문화재 형성과 문화재 관리 제도는 두 개의 서로 다른 연원인 근대 문화재 법제와 구황실 재산 관리 제도가 하나로 통합되어 이루어졌다고 할 수 있다. 근대 문화재 법제의 변천이 일본의 그것을 식민지 조선에 이식·적용하여 문화재를 규율하고 관리하는 과정이었다면 구황실재산 관리는 일제가 대한제국을 식민지화 하면서 구황실재산을 침탈하고 정리하여 운용한 과정이었다고 할 수 있다. 광복과 대한민국 정부수립으로 이 각기 다른 두 개의 흐름이 하나로 합쳐지는 계기가 마련되었고 마침내 1961년 문화재관리국 설치와 1962년 주체적인 「문화재보호법」 체제가 성립됨으로써 제도적 통합이 이루어졌다고 평가할 수 있다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.71-83
• /
• 1996

Hyang-Yack-Ku-Keup-Bang(鄕藥救急方) is our own, medical work written about the middle of the time of Korea Dynasty. I restored and researched this book because it needed to be illuminated about its medico-historic value and then I came to some conclusions as follows. 1. Hyang-Yack-Ku-Keup-Bang was published in Dae-jang-do-kam(大藏都監) of Kanghaw island(江華島) about the middle of Korea Dynasty. Choi Ja-ha(崔自河) republished it on original publication ground in Euiheung(義興) of Kyungsang-Province(慶尙道) in July, Taejong's(太宗) 17th year of Chosen Dynasty (A.D.1417) and this book was published again in Chungcheng Province(忠淸道) in Sejong's(世宗) 9th year(A.D.1427). The book published in Taejong's days was in the possession of books department of Kung-nae-cheng(宮內廳) in Japan and was the oldest medical book of existing ones. 2. Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu(方中鄕藥目草部) of this book was originally intended to be adjusted in each division with the title of Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock(方中鄕藥目). But Herb part(草部) only followed editing progress of Jeung-Lew-Bon-Cho(證類本草), the rest is not divided into each part and is together arranged at the below of Herb part with the title of Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu. The Korean inscriptions on some drugstuffs in this book are different between Native Name(鄕名) of three volumes of provisions and general-spoken(俗云) of Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu. In this, it is estimated that the publishing time and editor of tile volume of provisions and Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu are different. I think Choi Ja-ha compiled this behind three volumes of provisions when he published. 3. This book picked some prescriptions which consisted of obtainable drugs with ease in Korea in the books of Chell-Keum-Yo-Bang(千金要方), Oi-Dae-Bi-Yo(外臺秘要), Tae-Peong-Sung-Hye-Bang(太平聖惠方), Ju-Hu-Bang(?後方), Kyung-Hum-Yang- Bang(經驗良方) Bo-Je-Bon-Sa-Bang(普濟本事方) Bi-Ye-Baik-Yo-Bang(備預百要方) and so on and got together our own prescriptions. On the whole Bi-Ye-Baik-Yo-Bang was a chief referrence book, On this, other books referred to and corrected. 4. In provisions quoted from Hyang-Yack-Jip-Sung-Bang(鄕藥集成方), there are seven provisions; leg-paralysis part, coughing part, headache part, obstetrics part, etc. don't show in this book. This is why Choi Ja-ha published only certain texts on Dae-jang-do-kam edition his own posession. So we can think the existing edition has a little misses compared with original edition. 5. This book recorded only names of drugstuffs in animal drug department like fowls, crab, goldbug, earthworm, etc. and didn't tell us ways of taking those. This is effect of Buddhist culture on medicine. This is efforts to practice 'Don't murder';one of Five Prohibition of Buddhism. 6. Beacause this book was published at the time, when our originative medicine would be set forth. This followed the Chinese ways in Theory, Treatment, Prescription and used 'Hyang Yack' in Medication out of theory of Korean medicine, which was a transitional form. So this is all important material which tell us aspects of development of 'Hyang Yack' the middle of Korea Dynasty.and this is also the beginning of originative, medical works like Dong-Eui-Bo-Kam(東醫寶鑑), Dong-Eui-Su-Bo-Won(東醫壽世保元). 7. There are few contents based on 'Byen-Jeung-Lon-Chi(辨證論治)'in this book. So we can see this book is not for doctors who study medical thoughts but for general public who suffer from diseases resulted from war. Because this book was written for a first-aid treatmeant, this is an index of medical service for the people those days. And this is also an useful datum for first-aid medicine or military medicine in these modern days. 8. Nowadays, parts of learned world of Korean medicine disregard essential theories and want to explain Korean medicine only by the theories or the methods of Western medicine. Moreover they don't adopt Chinese and Japanese theorys & thoughts about Oriental medicine in our own style and just view in there level. What was worse, there is a growing tendency for them to indulge in a trimming policy of scholarship and to take others' ideas. I think these trends to ignore our own medical thoughts involving growth of 'Hyang Yack' in the middle of Korea Dynasty, Dong-Eui-Bo-Kam and Dong-Eui-Su-Se-Bo-Won. So we, as researchers of Korean medicine, must get out of this tendency, and take over brilliant tradition and try to develop originative Korean medicine.