• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2007

Objectives : Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is characterized by breakdown of blood vessels within the brain parenchyma. Fundamental therapeutic strategies for ICH, particularly those aimed at neuroprotection, have to be established. So in this experiment, the effects of Woowhangchongshim-won, a traditional prescription formula for treating Cerebral Apoplexy in Asian countries, were investigated. Methods : After intraperitoneal injection of chloralhydrate, rats were placed in a stereotaxic frame. ICH was induced by injection of 1 U collagenase type IV and drug was administered orally for 10 days. The molecular profile of cerebral hemorrhage in rat brain tissue was measured using micro array technique to identify up- or down- regulated genes in brain tissue. These genes induced by brain damage were mainly concerned with general metabolic process such as primary metabolic process, cellular metabolic process, macromolecule metabolic process, and biosynthetic process. Results : The number of genes increased in control and not-changed in experiment was 374, and decreased in control and not-changed in experiment was 527. We are concerned with genes that can be recovered by treatment with medicine, it is especially interesting to above types of genes. Conclusions : Upon medicine treatment to the rat having cerebral hemorrhage, expressions of some genes were restored to normal level. Further analysis using protein interaction database identified some key molecules that can be used for elucidation of therapeutical mechanism of medicine in future.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.443-452
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• 2000

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the synergistic effect on cytotoxicity of combination with adriamycin and Palginhonhapwhajucwhan, a traditional prescription for cancer treatment in oriental medicine, in Chang, HL-60, Hep-3B and Alexander cells. Methods : We observed cell viability in Chang, HL-60, Hep-3B, and Alexander cells by crystal violet staining. Those cells were treated with various concentrations of adriamycin alone, Palginhonhapwhajucwhan alone and combination of two medications for 10 hr. On condition of $0.5{\mu}l/ml$ adriamycin alone, $15.6{\mu}l/ml$ Paljintanghapwhajucwhan alone and combination of two medications, at first, we observed colony forming of Chang and HL-60 cells. Second, we observed DNA fragmentation by agarose electrophoresis in Chang, HL-60, Hep-38 and Alexander cells. Third, we measured the catalytic activation of caspase-1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 9 protease in Chang cells and caspase-3 protease in Chang, HL-60, Hep-3B and Alexander cells by using fluorogenic substrate. Finally, we isolated mRNA of Fas in Chang, HL-60, Hep-38 and Alexander cells and observed that Fas gene was amplified by RT-PCR Results : 1. The combination of adriamycin and Palginhonhapwhajucwhan synergistically augmented the cytotoxicity of Chang and HL-60 cells whereas did not in Hep-38 and Alexander cells. 2. Cotreatment of two drugs also markedly inhibited the colony forming ability both in Chang and HL-60 cells. 3. The cytotoxicity of these medicatons was revealed as apoptosis characterized by high molecular wight DNA fragmentaton. 4. The apoptotic cytotoxicity was mediated by activation of caspase-3 protease in Chang cells. 5. Synergistic increase in apoptotic cytotoxicity by combination of two medications was dependent on the expression of Fas in cancer cells. Conclusions : Combination of adriamycin and Palginhonhapwhajucwhan significantly augmented apoptotic cytotoxicity of Fas-positive cells such as Chang and HL-60 cells via acticaton of apoptosis signaling pathway.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2019

Objectives : A traditional herbal prescription, Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), has long been used in oriental medicine as an invigorant for age-related diseases, such as amnesia and stroke. However, the beneficial value of KOK for immune responses is largely unknown. Based on the above mentioned effects of KOK, other previous reports, and its use in traditional medicine, we hypothesized that KOK displays beneficial effects against methotrexate (MTX)-induced immune suppression. Methods : We investigated the effects of KOK (0.6 g/kg/day, oral (p.o.)) on deteriorated immunity caused by MTX (2 mg/kg/day, p.o.) in an immune suppression mouse model. MTX was fed to mice once a day for 7 days. After the immune responses of the mice deteriorated by MTX treatment, KOK in water was fed to the mice once a day for 14 days. We then measured the expression levels of various cytokines, such as T helper cell (Th1, Th2) cytokines, and the number of immune cells, such as spleen T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Results : The data showed that MTX decreased Th1 profiles (interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12) and the number of immune cells, and increased Th2 profiles (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), which were normalized significantly by post-administration of KOK. However, there was no significant difference in body-weight gain between MTX- and KOK-treated mice. Conclusion : These results indicate that KOK has immune-enhancing functions and reduces immunotoxicity of MTX, suggesting that supplementation with KOK will improve immune responses clinically and be useful for the prevention of immune-related diseases.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

I think that the study on the ${\ulcorner}$DongMuSunSaSaSangYakSungSangHumGoGa${\lrcorner}$ of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo${\lrcorner}$ is basic material explaining the character of sasang-herb and prescription. Through the study on the ${\ulcorner}$DongMuSunSaSaSangYakSungSangHumGoGa${\lrcorner}$'s origin and meaning, I can take the result as follows. The first, that is composed of total 237 herbs of 90 spleen-herb (Soeumin-herb), 61 kidney-herb (Soyangin-herb), 67 lung-herb (Taeeumin-herb) and 19 liver-herb (Taeyangin-herb). The second, the origin of that is ${\ulcorner}$JeJungSinPyun${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$BangYakHapPyun${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$EuiHakIpMum${\lrcorner}$. And DongMu classified traditional YakSungGa as spleen-herb, kidney-herb, lung-herb and liver-herb which is suitable to Sasangin, not created that. So we can know that the first understanding for DongMu' s herb is focused on the traditional YakSungGa. The third, DongMu's unique terminology of spleen-herb, kidney-herb, lung-herb and liver herb show his sight of symptom, disease and pharmacology, that is focused on small JangBu. The forth, through herb-nature gathered from traditional YakSungGa, that purposed to classfying each constitutional herb. So we can know his idea that the choice of herb is not in general efficacy but in personal constitution. As mentioned abovet, that can refer to an herbal argument of DongMu and ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGoYakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ that make known to be common can refer to an prescriptional argument of DongMu.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-105
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• 2007

Objectives : Select and analyze the case record of dyspnea and wheezing asthma recorded in Xu Ming Yi Lei An that is the most abundant and wide in contents in existing case records that are systematic, comprehending relatively modern Traditional Chinese Medicine to secure more deep and objective basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine approach for dyspnea and wheezing asthma to analyze and review possibility for clinical application in this study. Methods: The study was conducted with the case records of dyspnea and wheezing asthma in whole Xu Ming Yi Lei An. Pattern identify and classify selected case records and again classified with deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome. Also analyzed prescriptions and herbs used in the case records. Nature of herbs and properties and flavors that were used in the case records were classified and frequency of each nature of herbs were analyzed. Applicable case records were interpreted and suggested prescriptions, pulse feelings, pattern classification were analyzed and described. Results : Among the 5254 case records stated on the complete collection, it is researched that there are 63 case records for the symptom complex of dyspnea as 1.2% of the whole case records, and the case records on the symptom complex of wheezing asthma are 14 as the 0.27% of the total examples. 63 case record examples related with symptom complex of dyspnea were pattern identified and classified. As a result, deficiency syndrome of the Kidney(33 %), deficiency syndrome of the Spleen(26.0%), Wind-Cold(12.3%), phlegm turbidity(12.3%), Heat in the Lung(8.2%), asthenia of the Lung(8.2%) were investigated as above order. 14 case record examples related with wheezing asthma were pattern identified and classified. As a result, phlegm-Heat(26.3%), upper excess and lower deficiency(26.3%), external affections Wind-Cold(15.8%), Dampness-phlegm(10.5%), Lung asthenia(10.5%), Cold phlegm(5.3%), mutual deficiency and detriment of Heart and Kidneys(5.3%) were investigated as above order. Symptom complex of dyspnea has 67.1% of deficiency syndrome, 32.9% of excess syndrome resulting more deficiency syndrome than excess syndrome. Symptom complex of wheezing asthma has 42.1 % of deficiency syndrome and 57.9% of excess syndrome resulting more excess syndrome than deficiency syndrome. In case of symptom complex of dyspnea prescription used in the case record, the order of frequency is as following. Palmijihwang-tang, Bojung-ikgitang, Yungmijihwang-tang, Ijintang, Sojaganggitang, Igongsan. In case of symptom complex of wheezing asthma prescription in the case record, Yungmijihwang-tang, Ohotang, Dodamtang were mostly used. Herbs used in case records of symptom complex of dyspnea are Ginseng Radix, Poria, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Aconiti Iateralis Preparata Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens are mostly used. Nature of herb properties used for symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma are herbs that are warm properties. When the symptom complex of dyspnea and the symptom complex of wheezing asthma were treated. if the patient felt tenderness at Pyesu, doctors conducted pricking blood around the opposite Pyesu or Sipseon acupoint. when the patient didn't have tenderness at Pyesu by soft press, pricking blood was performed both sidees, right and left Pyesu. In case of the treatment of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma, when they got treatment, when the symptom complex of disease is severe, a doctor cauterized the opposite Pyesu while the other Pyesu felt tenderness, and decided how the above treatment is performed whether the degree of the symptom compolex of disease is severe or not. In case of the treatment of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma, if the person felt tenderness at Pyesu and is caught by the Wind-Cold pathogen, slight acupuncture is treated at relevant Pyesu with Fire needling. When patient with symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma cannot hawk sputum up from the oral and laryngopharynx, suction method is treated. Conclusion : With this study, actual traditional and clinical pattern identification form and characteristics of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma were recognized. Modern case report utilizing in clinical application need to be secured and an incurable disease asthma need to be diagnosed and improvement for treatments have to be searched through other case records.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.39-44
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• 2008

Objectives: Notopterygium incisum(N. incisum) and Saposhnikovia divaricata(S. divaricata) have been clinically used in traditional oriental medicine for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Also, a herbal mixture prepared with N. incisum and S. divaricata has been strongly linked to the anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we evaluate the synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of N. incisum and S. divaricata. Methods: For evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of a herbal mixture of N. incisum and S. divaricata in vivo, we measured the changed ear thickness in 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate(TPA)-induced mouse ear edema model after topical application of herbal mixture. In addition, the levels of markers for inflammation, such as tumore necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$, and nitric oxide(NO), were determined by ELISA assay in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Results: We reported that water extracts of N. incisum and S. divaricata combination significantly inhibited the mouse ear edema induced by TPA. Moreover, the water extracts of N. incisum and S. divaricata combination exhibited synergistic effects in down-regulating IL-1${\beta}$ level, but not TNF-${\alpha}$ and NO. Conclusions: These results suggest that combined treatment of N. incisum and S. divaricata, based on seven methods in prescription compatibility, has a synergistic effect in down-regulating inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro models. Especially, it seems that IL-1${\beta}$ is a one of main target of the mixture of N. incisum and S. divaricata on anti-inflammatory activity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Sopungsan (SS) is a traditional Korean decoction used for the treatment of dermatitis. The aim of this study is to confirm whether or not SS has a preventive effect on the development of atopic dermatitis in dinitrochlorobenzene-applied Nc/Nga mice. SS was administered orally to Nc/Nga mice, which led to the remarkable suppression of the development of dermatitis, as determined by a histological examination and the serum IgE levels. Moreover, SS inhibited the production of thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and its mRNA expression in a keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, which had been stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$). Activation of the nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) or activator protein-1 (AP-1) is one of key steps in the signaling pathways mediating induction of TARC. In this study, SS selectively suppressed NF-${\kappa}B$ activation which may be essential for TARC expression in $TNF-{\alpha}/IFN-{\gamma}$ treated keratinocytes. The inhibitory effect of SS on NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and TARC production might be associated with the anti-dermatitic effects of SS.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2003

We performed this study to determine the late biological effect of gamma radiation and effect of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT), a prescription of traditional Oriental medicine, on radiation-induced late biological effect (survival, hematological change, carcinogenesis) of mice irradiated with 3 Gy of gamma-radiation. There were little difference in body weights between normal and irradiated mice. Survival rate were decreased in irradiated mice and the survival rate and mean survival time of the groups treated with BZYQT were far better than the irradiation control group. A significant elevation of total leukocyte or lymphocyte counts was seen at week 4 and 12 of the group treated with BZYQT. Stimulated recovery by the extract from BZYQT was also observed in thrombocyte. Main gross findings of irradiated mice were appeared as enlargement of spleen, thymus and liver, tumorous nodules of lung and cyst or mass of ovary. Microscopically, there were various findings including hematopoietic and lymphoid tumor, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and cancer of other lesions. BZYQT reduced the incidence of tumor development. Further studies are needed to characterize better the protective nature of ingredients and active compounds.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.339-348
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• 2013

Objectives : Danguieumja is a traditional medicinal prescription to treat skin disease. It was commonly used for the treatment of itching, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis in Korea by the addition or omission of several herbs. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of Gagam-Danguieumja (GDE) water extract. Methods : We examined the effects of GDE on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Results : GDE inhibited production of NO in a dose dependent manner and also decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). As a possible molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activating protein kinases (MAPK) by LPS were blocked by GDE treatment. Conclusions : These results suggest that GDE has an anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential through the inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation, thereby decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2011

Korean traditional prescription, Oyaksungisan was usually used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, paralysis. In this study, we compared the contents of five major components, ephedrine HCl, ferulic acid, hesperidin, 6-gingerol, glycyrrhizin and various unknown compounds in Ohyaksungisan (OY) with fermented Ohyaksungisan (FOY) by established HPLC-DAD method. The neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cell of OY and FOY was investigated by MTT assay. And anti-oxidative activity of OY and FOY was measured by DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. After fermentation, contents of five major components and some unknown compounds (1), (2), (3) and (4) were increased in FOY. Also, FOY showed more potent neuroprotective activity. Furthermore, anti-oxidative activity of FOY was increased. In conclusion, the fermentation of OY could change contents various compounds and improved its neuroprotective activity.