• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.521-531
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• 2023

Transmembrane protein TMEM16A, which encodes calcium-activated chloride channel has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Overexpression of TMEM16A is associated with poor prognosis and low overall survival in multiple cancers including lung adenocarcinoma, making it a promising biomarker and therapeutic target. In this study, three structure-related sesquiterpene lactones (mecheliolide, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone) were extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Aucklandiae Radix and identified as novel TMEM16A inhibitors with comparable inhibitory effects. Their effects on the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells were examined. Whole-cell patch clamp experiments showed that these sesquiterpene lactones potently inhibited recombinant TMEM16A currents in a concentration-dependent manner. The half-maximal concentration (IC50) values for three tested sesquiterpene lactones were 29.9 ± 1.1 µM, 19.7 ± 0.4 µM, and 24.5 ± 2.1 µM, while the maximal effect (E_max) values were 100.0% ± 2.8%, 85.8% ± 0.9%, and 88.3% ± 4.6%, respectively. These sesquiterpene lactones also significantly inhibited the endogenous TMEM16A currents and proliferation, and migration of LA795 lung cancer cells. These results demonstrate that mecheliolide, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone are novel TMEM16A inhibitors and potential candidates for lung adenocarcinoma therapy.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.740-746
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• 2004

In order to identify the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of natural herbal extracts, widely used in the Korean traditional medicine, an in vitro screening system was designed using pGL3, a luciferase reporter vector, and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cyclooxygenase (COX)-II as target genes. The promoter regions of each gene was generated by PCR using the human chromosome as template DNA, and inserted into pGL3 vector with Kpnl and Hindlll. The final construct was transfected into human myleomonocytic leukemia cells (U937) that could be differentiated and activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using this system, we tested the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of several herbal extracts being regarded to have the medicinal effects of diminishing the body heat and complementing Qi. The well-known chemicals of PD98059 and berberine chloride were used as controls of the transcriptional inhibitors of TNF-α and COX-II, respectively. Among them, Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan-Sam) was found to exhibit the significant medicinal properties of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

• The Journal of Traditional Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-48
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• 2006

Dang, jonghae had written five books on chinese medicine, ${\ulcorner}$Hyeoljeungron${\lrcorner}$ is his most important work. He wanted to correct the fallacies of the theory of Jang(臟) and Bu(腑) by comparing with chinese and western medicine. He distinguished Bi(脾) from Cheomyuk(甛肉) by comparing the spleen with the pancreas. He recognized Stomach as the warehouse of foods, and explained that Bi took charge of digestion actually. Bi charged the function of Transportation(運化) and Blood-govering(統血) in addition to plain digestion, he wrote. Dang, jonghae regarded the metabolism of the human body as the interaction of Gi(氣), Blood (血), Water(水) and Fire(火). And he explained that Bi adjusted them. He classified Syndrome of Blood(血證) into five sorts of syndrome and presented four kinds of treatment. Especially he took a serious view of the treatment connected with Bi and Stomach. He set up the theory of Bi and Stomach(脾胃論) practically on basis of anatomy, but he didn't assorted the physiology and pathology of each organ clearly. However he proved the importance of Bi and Stomach by treating Syndrome of Blood and provided with the foundation of merging chinese and western medicine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1134-1141
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• 2010

The standardized education for medical college students not only provides the opportunity to get the exclusive knowledge as a professional but also is the basis of strong professional authority. Korean Oriental medicine has pursued to standardize the education system and curricula away from the traditional education system since the modernization started. And this standardization has worked as the basis of the status advancement of Korean Oriental medicine. Through the standardization of education system and curricula, Korean Oriental medicine has been professionalized and its social status has been heightened, stabilizing itself within the establishment of institution. After this, Korean Oriental medicine has kept pursuing standardization and professionalization in the educational area. It has achieved the professionalization of curricula reflecting the specificity of Korean Oriental medicine, following the model of western medical education. This paper investigated the attitude of Korean Oriental medical doctors toward the current Korean Oriental medical education. In the survey conducted in this study, how the Korean Oriental doctors view the education of Korean Oriental college in the areas such as 'standardization', 'specificity', 'Korean Oriental medical philosophy', 'responsibility', and 'professional ethics'. And the relationship between the demographic variables of Korean Oriental medical doctors and the educational contents which should be emphasized in Korean Oriental medical school has been examined. The subjects of this study were Korean Oriental medical doctors who work as professionals after graduation of Koran Oriental Medical School and, thus, this is a meaningful study in that the contents of education which the Korean Oriental medical doctors think are needed in practice are discussed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2014

Chronic prostatitis is a common disease among male. However, its cause and treatment are not known and it does easily come to the patients again after some treatment. Chinese has got an active research on chronic prostatitis of traditional Chinese medicine. We researched the Chinese publications from 2003 to 2013. After translating those publications, we analyzed total 64 publications by classifying those according to frequently used prescriptions, differentiation of symptoms, signs, addition and subtraction of each medicine and the quantity of frequently used medicines. Frequently used medicines were statistically analyzed. The prescription of chronic prostatitis was classified according to its stage. Paljeongsan(八正散) or Yongdamsagan-tang(龍膽瀉肝湯) was used during the early stage of chronic prostatitis, Sobokchukeo-tang(少腹逐瘀湯) or Hyeolbuchukeo-tang(血府逐瘀湯類) was used during the middle stage, and Jibaekjihwang-tang(知柏地黃湯) or Gyebujihwang-tang(桂附地黃湯) was used during the late stage. The most frequently used medicine was Phellodendri Cortex(黃柏), mentioned 43 times in the prescriptions. This analysis report would be able to provide the basis of taking a research on chronic prostatitis. In addition, it could be applied on a stereotype of chronic prostatitis as well as a variety of symptoms with frequently used prescription and addition and subtraction of each medicine.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2000

Korea follows the Korea standard classification of disease and causes of death according to the ICD(international classification of disease) Oriental medicine began to of officially follow the classification of disease for using the Korean classification of diseases in 1972. The classification of OM(oriental medicine) has changed in shape experiencing two amendments. The largest difficulty was to overcome the different names of diseases between OM and ICD. A one-to-one correspondence of the name of a disease between OM and ICD is impossible So in the primary stage one-to-one and one-to-many correspondence was made. During the first amendment the international disease names were re-classified on the oriental medicine disease name's basis and at the same time the classification of OM was corresponded on a one-to-one basis to the ICD . During the second amendment this changed to many-to-many correspondence . Analyzing the history of classification of OM during the first and second amendments, it was discovered that establishment of the standards of classification, the unification of oriental medical terms, and overcoming the difference of disease names between the OM and ICD is necessary Also th classification and standardazation of OM must not stop as a single round. It must go on for a long time. The hosts of this project Korean oriental medical society and AKOM(association of korean oriental medicine) need to build a independant department which will supervise the classification project and monitor any problems to come up. Also a route through which suggestions can be taken in and new solutions can be brought up needs to be secured and an atmosphere in which studies can take place about the basis of classifications needs to be developed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2019

This paper confirmed the effect of Baekho-tang(白虎湯) on psoriasis patient diagnosed with Yangmyung-Yeoljeung(陽明熱證). We treated patients with psoriasis classified as Yangmyung-Yeoljeung(陽明熱證) according to Shanghanlun(傷寒論) with Baekho-tang(白虎湯). Two patients was treated with Baekho-tang(白虎湯) for 18 days and 75 days, respectively. Baekho-tang(白虎湯) used in the treatment consisted of Gypsum Fibrosum 16g, Oryza semen 12.5g, Anemarrhena Rhizoma 6g and Glycyrrhizae Radix 2g. The severity of psoriasis was evaluated by PASI(psoriasis area severity index) and pictures. Also we checked the change in Pruritus by VAS(visual analogue scale). After the Baekho-tang(白虎湯) treatment, the PASI of 2 patients decreased from 13 to 2.8 and from 10.8 to 0.8 respectively. In addition, VAS of 2 patients diminished from 10 to 3 and from 8 to 1 respectively. Moreover, no side effects were observed. We received effective results by giving Baekho-tang to Psoriasis patients with sweaty, dry mouth, and heating sensation. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effects and immunomodulatory functions of Baekho-tang(白虎湯) could lead to improvement of psoriasis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2007

${\ll}$Gup Yu Bang${\gg}$ is the first korean book that specialized in pediatrics. It was written by Jo Jeong-jun in 1869 and contains 87 medical records. Medical records is one of the best way to develop one’s abilities of curing a disease without clinical practice and understanding medical condition of the time. These days we are fully aware of the importance of medical records, but there is no sufficient paper or study on medical records. On this study, we investigate 87 medical record of ${\ll}$Gup Yu Bang${\gg}$ by statistical methods. It was analyzed on the base of items such as age, sex, disease, method of medical treatment, treating prescription, modified medicinal substance, progress of disease. ${\ll}$Gup Yu Bang${\gg}$ contain 87 medical records and among of them, 84 records were Jo Jeong-jun own writings of clinical case. Systemic division of disease showed the highest in digestive disease and most frequent case was symptom of vomiting and diarrhea. The distribution of age was showed the highest in the age group under 5 years and the number of male case was more than female case. It showed that he considered observation of the patient's expression in diagnosis methods and have used 87 kinds of treating prescription and the external treatment, acupuncture, moxa. It showed that he quoted a lot of treating prescription from ${\ll}$Dong eui bo gam${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Yi-Hak-Yip-Mun${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$Xiao Er Yao Zheang Zhi Jue${\gg}$. The further study on medical records in traditional medical literatures, would reveal the developmental progress of Korean pediatrics and inform more actual proof on medical condition of the time.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.833-842
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• 2020

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a commonly encountered large intestine disease in the contemporary world that terminates into colorectal cancer; therefore, the timely treatment of UC is of major concern. Panax ginseng Meyer is an extensively consumed herbal commodity in South East Asian countries, especially Korea. It exhibits a wide range of biologically beneficial qualities for almost head-to-toe ailments in the body. Epimedium koreanum Nakai (EKN) is also a widely used traditional Korean herbal medicine used for treating infertility, rheumatism, and cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods: Separately the anti-inflammatory activities of both red ginseng extracts (RGEs) and EKNs had been demonstrated in the past in various inflammatory models; however, we sought to unravel the anti-inflammatory activities of the combination of these two extracts in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice model because the allopathic remedies for UC involve more side effects than benefits. Results: Our results have shown that the combination of RGE + EKN synergistically alleviated the macroscopic lesions in DSS-induced colitic mice such as colon shortening, hematochezia, and weight loss. Moreover, it restored the histopathological lesions in mice and decreased the levels of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines through the repression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP-3) expression. In vitro, this combination also reduced the magnitude of nitric acid (NO), proinflammatory mediators and cytokine through NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Conclusion: In the light of these findings, we can endorse this combination extract as a functional food for the prophylactic as well as therapeutic treatment of UC in humans together with allopathic remedies.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.668-673
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• 2014

Cold and Heat pattern identification(CHPI) in traditional East Asian medicine(TEAM) is one of the major indicator to distinguish characteristics of disease and to determine treatment method. Basic parameters to determine CHPI include the pulse rate, respiration rate, and pulse power. Studies to associate physiological responses of human body by cold stress(CS) with CHPI in TEAM were rarely done so far. This study aims to explore the effects of cold stress on pulse signal via a feasibility study for three subjects and investigate some indices which can reflect autonomic nerve reaction(ANR). We measured radial pulse signals and respiration signal of the investigated subjects before the CS, during the CS which continues for 5 minutes, and immediately after the CS, respectively. Finally, we analyzed the pulse rate (P), respiration rate (R), pulse power, pulse depth, and pulse rate per respiration (P/R ratio). As a result, the P/R ratio showed a consistently decreasing tendency through the CS stimulation process, while other parameters behaved more complex and in subject-specific ways. It implies that, among candidate parameters, the P/R ratio is a simple but the most probable parameter that can be used as the ANR indicator. This result is also consistent with the theory in TEAM scripts, in which the P/R ratio is predicted to be a direct indicator for the CHPI. This pilot study shows that P/R ratio can be more appropriately associated with the ANR than heart rate or respiration rate alone. Extensive studies will be necessary to verify or confirm the P/R ratio as an appropriate and well defined parameter for ANR.