• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to consider the meaning of the traditional dwelling house and the cardinal points. The cardinal points is a complex concept of the body-scheme direction and celestial direction. This paper explains the meanings of the traditional dwelling house under the following three subtitles; dwelling as the image of the cosmos; dwelling as the center of the world; dwelling as the subjective space. The traditional dwellings have the prominent characteristic of the image of the cosmos and the center of the world which is regarded the human and the architecture as the microcosmos, and which communicates the heaven with the earth. The traditional dwellings which aims to harmonize the human with the nature have the subjective and meaningful space which articulates the nature through the self-systematization.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.10 no.4 s.28
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• pp.43-55
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• 2001

Living spaces are the results of social environment and also the reflection of the viewpoints by their residents toward human culture and society. Therefore, in studying living spaces, the true essence of the spaces could be easily distorted when cultural and symbolic motives and values are disregarded and only their apparent characteristics are looked into. Hence, it's necessary to simultaneously understand both physical dwelling spaces from architecture's view points and social ideas, simultaneously, of people who form and interact with the spaces. Hence, this paper tries to study housing religion which is one of shamanistic religions which, in turn, have been the fundamental element of ancient religions and came into existence on the basis of dwelling spaces. This study presumes that house religion may have been permeated with its creators' ideas about living and those ideas could be one of those factors which plays a role in organizing of dwelling spaces. As such, with these prior analyses, this thesis attempts to understand the meaning of various dwelling spaces via the characteristics and functionalities of various house spirits which are mentioned in a local house religion and also will find out spatial harmony of Korean traditional living spaces by way of corelations among living spaces, people, and personalized house spirits. Almost all traditional Korean houses have assigned a house spirit to their individual dwelling space. This means a traditional house was considered as a scared space in a secular world called human society and the space was actually intended to protect sacredness of dwelling places from earthliness outside. So when the hierarchy of house spirits in housing religion is projected to a Korean traditional house, it can be shown that a dwelling house as a building was personified to a respectable human status. In other words, it can be concluded that each space was synonymous with a dwelling place for each house spirit and was considered a sacred godly place. In a nutshell, not only each space in a Korean traditional house was a physical and functional space, but also it formed a scared spatial place along with the concept of house spirits intending to ward off disasters and enjoy a comfortable life through those religious symbols and meanings. Housing shamanistic religion which has long been existing with residents and their lives is seeped with the viewpoints of the residents toward life, and hence understanding the meanings and organization of Korean traditional housing can reveal commonly practiced principles of spatial organization of the traditional houses. Therefore an analysis of Korean traditional housing on the basis of humanistic social ideas will help learn Korea's traditional houses which need to be understood in various methods.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.141-152
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the effects of industrialization upon the traditional house and dwelling space and their socio-cultural parameters. By now, in architecture the industrialization has been studied in relation to the formation of modern architecture and the traditional hose or hosing, as though it were a thing already concluded. for this reason, the relationship between industrialization and traditional housing has not been surveyed sufficiently. In reality, the traditional house, however, survives in spite of industrialization, but certainly modified. To examine the effects of industrialization on the traditional house and housing, we must deepen the concepts of both and sow how they are entangled in the socio-cultural context and that they are internal to each other. The parameters does not act independently on the organization of the dwelling space, but in a system formed by them. After all, the combined action of the parameters effected by industrialization entails the de-structuration of the traditional arrangement in traditional house, and tends toward, although it does not realize completely, the re-structuration for the arrangement of intimacy embodied in modern house.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2008

It is rare that the dwelling buildings designated as cultural assets owing to the demands of the rapid-changing times and their residences are conserved as their original shapes, though the extent varies. Meanwhile, there has been a continuous effort to preserve and take over our traditional dwelling culture. Yet, the effects were not tangible because the viewpoints are different between the conservation promoters and related residents-officials-experts and because the conservation method is not decided in advance. Thus, in conserving the traditional dwelling culture containing the history of human life, this study tries to find out the reasonable ways for conserving traditional residence based on the consciousness research of citizens on conserving and utilizing the cultural assets. Furthermore this study also tries to suggest to contemporaries - who should live side by side with the historic cultural assets - what attitude they should have. On the basis of above survey, the objective of this study is said to consist in presenting the directions - what efforts are needed - for the more active and participant conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.53-64
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• 1999

This is designed to find out the relations between traditional dwelling and its ecological concepts and factors in the natural environment. This also reveals how to design the dwelling under the full consideration of eco-system and its application possibility. Now, I have a conclusion that Modern architecture application would be possible if we design buildings under full-consideration of ecological environmental elements, inheriting the characteristics of the typical architecture items through more detailed and further advanced studies in traditional architecture methods.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.2 s.15
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• pp.113-126
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• 1998

This study is on the organizational principles of Chinese traditional houses. It has been assumed that a common cultural background did influence dwelling construction in most areas of China, some specific concepts are used to build a connection between the culture and architecture. There are four aspects of cultural influence being explored: traditional concept of space by the philosophical influence, religious influence, the Feng Shut method, and traditional system of family organization. The influence of the Chinese culture on dwelling architecture is predominant. Housing types from different areas of China, despite their different physical appearance, have similar spatial concepts. This cultural influence was due to the historic development of the Chinese empire. The organizational principles of Chinese dwelling architecture determined by its own cultural background have five major invariable norms. They are as follows: 1. Internal and enclosed spatial organization. 2. Grouping of buildings around axes. 3. Spatial organization and extension by courtyard. 4. Spatial expansion by adding units. 5. Hierarchical organization of space.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.217-221
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• 2008

The goal of this research is to analyze interrelationship for layout of dwelling house and variation of its side plane by introducing concept of space in order to address as to how Korean traditional houses had been formed and varied in the middle of advancing modern city. In addition, this paper also has its meaning in a way that it identified how Korean traditional houses have been changed, and thus make residents more comfortable to live there by reviving their past characteristics, and make users have traditional food culture. Targeted area for this paper is limited to south-eastern area of Daegu such as Namsanjung, Myeongchijung, Sijangjung, Shinjung and Dalsungjng which was group dwelling houses of people of Chosun Dynasty during Japanese colonial rule' era ($1910{\sim}1945$). Among those places, the paper has chosen a place where Korea traditional houses were well preserved, variation of road and fields was less 1930s, and residential type is easy to effectively compared. As the result of this research, time when traditional cities were changed into new type of city residential area is believed to be around 1930s, and traditional residential area, through its transitional process, is believed to be changed to modern residential area. It also indicates that change of organizational road and fields directly had influence on change of houses.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.3 s.50
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• pp.84-94
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to establish the identity of the traditional residential space in Korea and Japan as analyzing the spatial characteristics and sociocultural roles of the 'in-between space' shown in their traditional dwelling space. Although they share culture area, it is meaningful to clarify the identity of both countries with many differences as the point of localization In globalization and the point of presenting the current and future directions of residential culture in both countries. Records and field studies have been carried out for the spatial characteristics and the sociocultural role focused on Ma-dang and Dae-chung in case of the 'in-between space' in Korean traditional dwellings and Inner housing, Doma, and Engawa in Japan. According to these findings, the spatial characteristics in common between Korea and Japan are open, half-open, separation, mitigation, integration, variation, continuation, hierarchy, mediation, and expansion. The 'in-between space', built by the separate Chae and Kan, of Korean traditional dwellings shows the separation by closed walls and the exclusive use by the fixed walls. In case of Japan, the integrated in-between space built by the separation of Kan shows open and connective tendencies and the variableness of walls has the tendency making ambiguous space with spatial softness. The sociocultural role of the 'in-between space' in Korean traditional dwelling space functions as the mitigation between the interior and exterior of the house as well as the male and female. Because the conception for protecting the private life is too weak, the sociocultural role of the 'in-between space' in Japanese traditional dwelling space seldom forms the space for an individual or the specific person among family. The space to welcome a guest functions as the mitigation between residents and outsiders as it is located in the inside of the private dwelling space.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2005

In the study results, Incheon region, a classic house was consistently built in spite of having been the barrier which a foreign dwelling flowed into until 1960's. And met me in our dwelling habit and changed and used a house built by the Japanese. That is, the traditional dwelling format worked with a spindle accepting other dwelling culture and can do it. It was a too social change and was able to confirm the fact that it extended a room as necessary or it improved a classic house and used as West back various way whom it got cold, and exchanged it to a kitchen of a cause and effect life.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 1991.09a
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• pp.29-40
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is invested, recorded about traditional dwelling space, and there is to find out possibilites on the context of the inheritance of traditional life through analzing about life content and space. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Kwang Duk vililage is the typical traditional town where the confucian view of life still affects on overall housing life. 2) The pattern of layout is mainly 'ㅡ' and 'ㄱ' shaped type. In the plane and structural form, the original form is, though some parts have changed, maintained. 3) According to the analysis of transformation state of dwelling space, the category of transformation is summerized as follow ; changes of room function, increase and decrease of annex, and room size by changes of family structure, life style, farming operation style.