• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.110-126
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• 1997

This dissertation intended to investigate the black color as a fashion color of the late 20th century and the aesthetic consciousness of black fashion. Black usually expressed a negative meaning, and was regarded as a color for a mourning and a sacred dress in western culture. There found several periods of black trend specially after 14th century. Black was considered as a traditional color of men's fashion since Dandyism. By the effect of art d co fashion, the perception toward black changed to a new beauty in 20th century. There continuously found a lot of aspects of black fashion in the late 20th century. In the high fashion, popularity of black, could be seen at five different look and style : The era of line alphabet, pantaloons suit style, folklore style, mannish look and unconstructive design by Japanese, and in street fashion, it showed at four different style and fashion: Beat style, mods and rockers style, punk fashion and fetish fashion. The aesthetic consciousness of black fashion at the late 20th century mentioned above should be summarized as follows. : Minimalism, dandyism, nihilism, asceticism, eroticism. In 1990s, the black appeared under the retro mood, and it should be regarded specially as one fashion trend of inclination of simplicity. Black should be called the representative color of 20th century fashion with the reason of containing the most of aesthetic consciousness in modern fashion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.667-673
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chlorella powder on quality characteristics of maejakgwa (a Korean traditional cookies). Maejakgwa was prepared with different amounts of chlorella powder (in ratios 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of flour quantity). The moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and crude lipid contents of used chlorella powder were 2.38, 7.25, 65.95, and 0.95% respectively. The pH of maejakgwa dough decreased significantly as the level of chlorella powder increased; however, density of the batter, spread factor values, and moisture contents of the groups increased significantly with higher level of the chlorella powder. In addition, Hunter's color L, a, and b values decreased significantly with increasing amounts of chlorella powder. In the texture meter test, hardness increased according to increasing concentration of chlorella powder. Finally, maejakgwas containing 1~2% chlorella powder had the highest sensory evaluation. From these results, we suggest that chlorella powder is a good ingredient for increasing consumer acceptability as well as functionality of maejakgwas.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3057-3075
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• 2020

End-to-end network delay plays an vital role in distributed services. This delay is used to measure QoS (Quality-of-Service). It would be beneficial to know all node-pair delay information, but unfortunately it is not feasible in practice because the use of active probing will cause a quadratic growth in overhead. Alternatively, using the measured network delay to estimate the unknown network delay is an economical method. In this paper, we adopt the state-of-the-art matrix completion technology to better estimate the network delay from limited measurements. Although the number of measurements required for an exact matrix completion is theoretically bounded, it is practically less helpful. Therefore, we propose an online adaptive sampling algorithm to measure network delay in which statistical leverage scores are used to select potential matrix elements. The basic principle behind is to sample the elements with larger leverage scores to keep the traits of important rows or columns in the matrix. The amount of samples is adaptively decided by a proposed stopping condition. Simulation results based on real delay matrix show that compared with the traditional sampling algorithm, our proposed sampling algorithm can provide better performance (smaller estimation error and less convergence pressure) at a lower cost (fewer samples and shorter processing time).

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5244-5259
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• 2019

With the continuous development of LBS (Location Based Service) applications, privacy protection has become an urgent problem to be solved. Differential privacy technology is based on strict mathematical theory that provides strong privacy guarantees where it supposes that the attacker has the worst-case background knowledge and that knowledge has been applied to different research directions such as data query, release, and mining. The difficulty of this research is how to ensure data availability while protecting privacy. Spatial multidimensional data are usually released by partitioning the domain into disjointed subsets, then generating a hierarchical index. The traditional data-dependent partition methods need to allocate a part of the privacy budgets for the partitioning process and split the budget among all the steps, which is inefficient. To address such issues, a novel two-step partition algorithm is proposed. First, we partition the original dataset into fixed grids, inject noise and synthesize a dataset according to the noisy count. Second, we perform IH-Tree (Improved H-Tree) partition on the synthetic dataset and use the resulting partition keys to split the original dataset. The algorithm can save the privacy budget allocated to the partitioning process and obtain a more accurate release. The algorithm has been tested on three real-world datasets and compares the accuracy with the state-of-the-art algorithms. The experimental results show that the relative errors of the range query are considerably reduced, especially on the large scale dataset.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.3657-3682
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• 2018

This paper presents a Bluetooth and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR)-based indoor fusion localization approach (BtPDR) using smartphones. A Bluetooth and PDR-based indoor fusion localization approach can localize the initial position of a smartphone with the received signal strength (RSS) of Bluetooth. While a smartphone is moving, BtPDR can track its position by fusing the localization results of PDR and Bluetooth RSS. In addition, BtPDR can adaptively modify the parameters of PDR. The contributions of BtPDR include: a Bluetooth RSS-based Probabilistic Voting (BRPV) localization mechanism, a probabilistic voting-based Bluetooth RSS and PDR fusion method, and a heuristic search approach for reducing the complexity of BRPV. The experiment results in a real scene show that the average positioning error is < 2m, which is considered adequate for indoor location-based service applications. Moreover, compared to the traditional PDR method, BtPDR improves the location accuracy by 42.6%, on average. Compared to state-of-the-art Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) fingerprint + PDR-based fusion indoor localization approaches, BtPDR has better positioning accuracy and does not need the same offline workload as a fingerprint algorithm.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.477-490
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• 2018

This study investigated the changes in the quality of doenjang (a fermented bean paste) with the addition of Sea tangle Saccharina japonica powder fermented by lactic acid bacteria (FSP). Doenjang was prepared without or with FSP and with various amounts of doenjang (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 3% by volume), and fermented at $25^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the antioxidant activity, microbiological characteristics, and physicochemical parameters were examined. We detected no significant differences in the color profiles. However, following the addition of FSP to doenjang, the amino nitrogen content and antioxidant properties were enhanced. Furthermore, the FSP-doenjang contained higher levels of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (297.55-300.03 mg/100 g), a biofunctional ingredient. These results suggest the potential for developing a traditional Korean fermented food with enhanced antioxidant activity and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid content using FSP.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.11 no.3 s.26
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• pp.166-178
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• 2005

This study was conducted to develop a healthy and functional drink using red ginseng, maekmoondong and omija using Saengmaeksan. Since the red ginseng extract was used as a raw material, it was diluted from 1,000 to 1,500 times using distilled water and the highest sensory score was obtained when the red ginseng extract was diluted to 1,500 times. When the red ginseng extract was mired with omija and maekmoondong, there was no difference between the ratio of 1: 20 : 1, 1 : 21 : 1 and 1: 22: 1 (red ginseng : omija : maekmoondong). In case of sweetener, honey showed the highest sensory store compared to sucrose, pear extract apple extract, sucralose and aspartame. Additionally, the sweetness was evaluated using all sweeteners and 10 brix or 11 brix showed the highest sensory score. Therefore, red ginseng extract was first mixed with omija and maekmoondong in the ratio of 1 : 20 : 1, and distilled water was added to 1,500 times of the amount of red ginseng extract. Honey was finally added to the mixture to obtain 10 brix concentration and this was highly acceptable.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.1-44
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• 2006

This paper aims to analyse post catch-up innovation activities of Korean firms. Traditional approach focused on incremental innovation through fast catch-up process. Recently, Korean firms present new patterns of innovation activities. It includes the development of state-of-the-art frontier products in capital intensive manufacturing sector, the achievement of architectural innovation through adopting newly developed components and the creation of new market based on the basic technological capabilities. This paper attempts to formulate conceptual framework for analysing post catch-up innovation activities and to analyse stylized facts of post catch-up activities based on the case studies on technology based small and medium Korean firms.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2003

Modern design background of Scandinavia counts the Industrial Revolution and functionalism of Deustscher Werkbund and Bauhaus. However, Scandinavian has created their characteristic 'Scandinavian Modern Furniture' as an adaptation to their environment which are organic form based on their nature, affection of natural material, and handicraft tradition. Finish architect Alvar Aalto and Danish architect Arne Jacobsen rendered great contribution to worldwide reputation of Scandinavian furniture design. Both of them have hold tradition shared historically and culturally in common, brought the weighty traditional thoughts enable to develope their unique design. Especially they had continuous experiment of wood shaping and renovation of manufacturing technique so that they could made their chair design -the laminated bentwoods chair and moulded plywood chair- functionally comfortable. In point of view, the purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the chair design of Alvar Aalto and Arne Jacobsen, focusing un their bentwoods chair. For this purpose, the background of bentwoods chair design was investigated and in the philosophical, formative, and technical aspect, their bentwoods chair design were compared and analyzed.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2015

Objectives : Through the analyze of formative factor of time sense and the vital movement temporal rhythm in Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經). Methods : We find out the principle and methods of Chronomedicine and Health Preserving in Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經), and this finding will direct the life nurturing for later generations. We find that time sense had been established in Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經), which had yin-yang and five elements characteristic. Results : There have temporal rhythm of functions of zang-fu viscera, meridian and collateral, qi and blood. Based on the theory of correspondence between human body and natural environment, established principle of health maintenance about based on yin and yang, temporal rhythm of visceral qi. Conclusions : Established health maintenance methods based on time such as adjusting-spirit according to time, regular daily life, dietary regimen according to time, needling and moxibustion according to time. These methods will guide syndrome differentiation and therapeutic method and Medication which based on suitable time.