• 무역상무연구
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• 제77권
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• pp.195-214
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• 2018

In order to analyze the current status of trade with Korea and FTA partner countries, the Trade Intensity Index and the Market Comparative Advantage index were calculated and analyzed using panel gravity model. In the case of trade, trade intensity index has been strengthened according to each FTA enforecement, and in some cases, trade inensity has been weakened. In the case of the comparative advantage index, there was a case in which the comparative advantage was strengthened or the comparative advantage was not significantly changed according to each Chapter of HS code. This means that the Korea's FTA enforcement effect has not directly affected the increase of the trade intensity and the increase of the market comparative advantage index. The panel gravity model using the trade intensity and the comparative advantage index as the dependent variable and the trade volume between the two countries as the dependent variable was analyzed.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.92-107
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• 2021

Purpose - This paper analyzes the relationship between trade facilitation and agricultural products exports and estimates the effects of trade facilitation in importing countries on Chinese agricultural products exports, which is of great significance for promoting agricultural trade between China,Japan and Korea and the governments of the three countries to formulate targeted trade facilitation policies. Design/methodology - Based on Wilson (2003) theoretical framework, this paper sets up its own trade facilitation level measurement system by involving four primary indicators and fifteen secondary indicators to evaluate the trade facilitation levels of Japan and Korea from 2011 to 2018 respectively. The paper selected the data on China's agricultural exports at the HS4 level from 2011-2018 and used a fixed-effects model to estimate the effect of changes in trade facilitation levels in trading partner countries on China's agricultural trade. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: the level of trade facilitation in importing countries has a significantly positive effect on China's agricultural exports. The higher the level of trade facilitation in trading partner countries, the more Chinese agricultural exports trade, i.e. for every 1 percentage point increase in the level of trade facilitation, the volume of exports will increase by 2.299%.The sub-sample test shows that China's main agricultural products exported to Japan and Korea, such as aquatic products, vegetables, fruits and other perishable fresh products, are particularly significantly affected by the level of trade facilitation. Originality/value - First, from the innovation of the research perspective, which is different from the analysis of the existing paper on the overall trade facilitation of all traded commodities. This article is based on the close trade relations between China, Japan and Korea, and the particularity of agricultural products, from the perspective of China's agricultural exports to Japan and Korea, discuss the impact of importing countries-Japan and Korea's trade facilitation levels on China's agricultural exports;Secondly, in this paper, the hierarchical data of the HS4 quartile is used to avoid the information loss of the industry, and to analyse the impact of the importing country's trade facilitation level on the export of different types of agricultural products more scientifically.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.159-180
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• 2004

This paper focus on building online trust in electronic commerce between partner that have never traded with each other before, the so-called first trade situation. For this, this paper proposes the model to build trust for conduction first trade transaction in e-trade(so-ca1led Trust Matrix Model : TMM). The TMM is based on the idea that for business to business electronic trade a balance has to be found between anonymous procedural trust, i.e. procedural solutions for trust building, and personal trust based on positive past experiences within for first trade situation, because of the lack of experience in these situations. The procedural trust solutions are related in the notion of institution-based trust, because the trust in the procedural solutions depends on the trust one has in the institutions that issued or enforces the procedure. The TMM can be used as a tool to analyze and develope trust-building services to help organizations conduct first -trade electronic trade.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify Intra-industry phenomena of Clothing Trade in Korea. For this purpose, changes of Korean clothing trade were analyzed in connection with the theory of intra-industry trade during the 1990's. Formerly, changes of Korean clothing trade were analyzed by the trade orientation index and that of the trade with each Korean clothing trade partner particularly. secondly, tendency and major determinants of two-way trade or intra-industry trade of Korean clothing trade were analyzed. The results of the study were as follows : First, the trade pattern of clothing in Korea was strong export orientation. Since the mid 1990's, however, this tendency has been weakened. Second, tendency of one-way trade is strong generally. but since the mid 1990's, tendency of intra-industry(two-way) trade increased. The intra-industry(two-way) trade tendency with Hong Kong and China is especially strong. Third, from the viewpoint of determinants of intra-industry trade in clothing industry, the determinant is distance between countries in 1994. Also the determinant is trade tendency of the country in 1999.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.213-228
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• 2005

China is our second largest trade partner and the biggest country of our investment. For this reason, the Korea active strategy for coping with China's changes is very critical at the current point in time due to the economic structure of Korea dependent on exports. This essay is aimed at studying the Foreign Trade Administration System of China and selecting Korea's prospective exports-imports to China. The purpose of this, essay is to help Korean trading corporation to understand the difference between Korea and China in foreign trade administration in order to promote bilateral trade between Korea and China.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.169-189
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• 2009

The China's economy growth by expanded by almost 10 percent in the among ten year ago. Since the Korea and China ware established to 1992, The China has been Korea's most important trading partner. The subject of this study is to review export competitiveness in export entry type in the China's market of Korea company. This article measure the effects on Korea exporter interests of Korea's trade with china. This paper investigates the determinants of export competitiveness in export entry type in the China's market of Korea company. A survey questionnaire was sent to 200 sample in Korea's export company go to on the China market, and 137 usable responses were obtained. The 137 samples are analyzed with export competitiveness. This paper has there main a parts, Multiple regression results show that the export competitiveness are positively affected by the China Information, the China Culture Different, The CEO Mind and the China Trade System. However, The China Market Competitiveness, The China Law. Regime and manager's information do not affect in the export competitiveness.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2020

This study is designed to investigate the impact of China exchange rate policy on its trading partners by using a country multi-dataset GVAR model. Our model includes samples of 30 countries, six from high-income, six from middle-income and eighteen from low-income countries. This study used annual time series data over the period 1992 to 2017. We constructed currency misalignment index and it provided some interesting features about the currency undervaluation and overvaluation. The results of the currency misalignment shows that China's Renminbi is structurally more undervalued over the sample period as compared to other countries, and fluctuation in major currencies effects the global trade around the world. The overall empirical results of the GVAR model indicate that RMB undervaluation affects the trade pattern and macroeconomic performance of China's trading partners. Overall, China's exchange rate undervaluation has mixed effects on trading partner's GDP, exports and imports. The devaluation of China's RMB efficiently stimulated China's exports and reduced imports. While, in some countries, this effect is reverse, the RMB undervaluation increases the GDP of partner countries and also increases their exports to China. The results confirm the strong and leading role of the Chinese Renminbi in the global trade.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.139-158
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• 2023

Purpose - The study of co-movements between stock markets is a crucial area of finance and has recently received much interest in a variety of studies, especially in international finance. Stock market co-movements are a major phenomenon in financial markets, but they are not necessarily independent of the real market. Several studies support the idea that bilateral trade linkages significantly impact stock market correlations. Motivated by this perspective, this study investigates whether real market integration due to trade agreements brings about financial market integration in terms of stock market co-movement. Design/methodology - Over the 10 free trade agreements (FTAs) signed by the United States, using a dynamic conditional correlations (DCC) multivariate GARCH (MGRACH) model, we empirically measure the degree of integration by finding DCCs between the US market and the partner country's market. We then track how these correlations evolve over time and compare the results before and after trade agreements. Findings - According to the empirical results, there are positive return spillover effects from the US market to eight counterpart equity markets, except Jordan, Morocco, and Singapore. Especially Mexico, Canada, and Chile have large return spillover effects at the 1% significance level. All partner countries of FTAs generally have positive correlations with the US over the entire period, but the size and variance are somewhat different by country. Meanwhile, not all countries that signed trade agreements with the United States showed the same pattern of stock market co-movement after the agreement. Korea, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Singapore show increasing DCC patterns after trade agreements with the US. However, Canada, Australia, Bahrain, Jordan, and Morocco do not show different patterns before and after trade agreements in DCCs. These countries generally have the characteristic of relatively lower or higher co-movements in stock markets with the US before the signing of the FTAs. Originality/value - To our knowledge, few studies have directly examined the linkages between trade agreements and stock markets. Our approach is novel as it considers the problem of conditional heteroscedasticity and visualizes the change of correlations with time variations. Moreover, analyzing several trade agreements based on the United States enables the results of cross-country pairs to be compared. Hence, this study provides information on the degree of stock market integration with countries with which the United States has trade agreements, while simultaneously allowing us to track whether there have been changes in stock market integration patterns before and after trade agreements.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2020

In this paper we explore the two analyses to know the urbanization effect on trade. First, the granger causality test to examine the relationship between trade and urbanization. The Granger causality test is a statistical hypothesis test for determining whether one time series is useful for forecasting another. The results indicated that the existence of a bidirectional causality running from trade to urbanization when six lags were applied. When eight lags were applied, we found unidirectional causality running from urbanization to trade. Second, gravity models were used to investigate the urbanization effect on trade. The production cost and specification are affected by the economies of scale, and the economies of scale increased as the greater geographically agglomeration. However, the gravity model to explain the bilateral trade flows ignores the urbanization variables. Therefore we added the urbanization variable represented as the geographically agglomeration into gravity model. The results show that the degree of urbanization of both countries has statistically positive effect on trade (export and import) and the bigger coefficients of trade partner's urbanization. The reason is that the trade share of industrial supplies, intermediate goods and capital goods is much higher than finished consumer goods. The urbanization is more important the improved the efficiency of production than demand market.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.141-170
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• 2012

발효된 FTA가 양국간 교역에 어떤 효과를 미치고 있는지에 대해서는 다양한 분석이 이루어져 왔다. 일반적으로 양국간 수출입 규모의 변화나 수출비중, 시장점유율의 변화를 분석하기도 하고 또 보다 정밀한 분석을 위해 부분균형 수출입 모델을 수립하거나 일반균형모델을 사용하기도 한다. 본 논문은 무역결합도와 무역편향도 개념을 사용해 FTA 발효 이후 칠레, 싱가포르, 스위스, 노르웨이와의 교역동향을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 무역결합도 분석(Trade Intensity Analysis)은 중력모형의 기본구조를 활용하면서 중력모형에 의해 추정된 무역의 흐름으로부터 실제 무역의 흐름이 얼마나 이탈되어 있는가에 초점을 맞춘다. 즉, 양국의 전체 수출입 규모로부터 기대되는 상호간 교역액을 추정한 후 이것과 실제 교역액을 비교함으로써 양국간 교역의 긴밀성 정도를 판단한다. 아울러 양국간 수출입 상품구조의 상호 보완성을 검토함으로써 양국간 교역의 긴밀성의 변화가 상품구조의 보완성 이외에 FTA와 같은 특수요인에 의해 얼마나 영향을 받았는지를 판단할 수 있게 해준다. 분석 결과 한국의 수출 측면을 보면 노르웨이에 대한 수출에서 FTA의 효과가 가장 크게 나타나고 있고, 칠레와 싱가포르는 협정 발효 후 긍정적 효과가 나타나다가 현재 사라지고 있으며, 스위스는 효과가 거의 확인되지 않고 있다. 수입 측면을 보면 노르웨이는 FTA 이후 한국 시장에 대한 진입이 상당히 개선된 반면, 다른 국가들은 특별한 변화를 보이지 않고 있다.