• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.128-139
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to review the literatures of experimental tracheal reconstruction. Although there have been significant advancements in the surgical treatment of the long circumferential tracheal injuries, there still has been a difficult problem with high morbidity and mortality. The method for tracheal reconstruction after circumferential resection is preferred end-to-end anastomosis for defects up to 6 cm in length, but larger tracheal defects require the use of tracheal allograft, various artificial prosthesis or autogenous organs. The tracheal allotransplantation has been widely used as there was significantly improved the method of surgical technique, preservation and immunosuppression. But it has been limited by a number of factors such as few donor, limited use of immunosuppressant, delayed revascularization and re-epitheliazation. Experimental studies on the tracheal prosthesis have a long history and they tried to use silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene mesh, Dacron, Marlex mesh, external or internal stents. Other experimental studies were reported the use of autogenous tissues that were cartilage. jejunum, aorta, skin, muscle, periostium or esophagus. But a great variety of these protheses have been resulted unsatisfactory in a significant Proportion of cases. Alternatively, the tissue-engineering technique has showed a new approach to reconstruct trachea and much progress in tissue-engineering bas been made recently. In conclusion, although the tracheal allotransplantation and the use of prosthesis and allograft have been reported a lot of limitation to overcome, we could sooner expect good result of ideal tracheal prosthesis.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1993년도 제27차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.81-81
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• 1993

소아의 기관협착은 대부분이 장기간의 기관내삽관에 의해 초래되며 그 치료방법은 기관 협착의 정도 및 부위에 따라 다르다. 협착의 정도가 경하고 주로 육아조직에 의한 경우는 반복적인 내시경적인 처치만으로도 치유가 되지만 협착부위가 광범위하거나 정도가 심한 경우는 수술적인 기관재건이 필요하게 된다. 저자들은 이러한 기관재건술로 윤상갑상연골절제 및 연골이식, 그리고 협착부절제 및 단단문합의 방법 등을 현재까지 사용하였으며 괄목할 만한 결과를 얻었다. 저자들은 지금까지 경험한 9 명의 소아 기관협착 환자에서의 단단문합술에 의한 치험과 단단문합술의 적응증을 제시하고자 한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2002

The present study was made with the aim of finding out the Kamihaepyoijin-tang's effect on the allergic asthma using the Egg-White Implant(EWI) method model recommended by de Siqueira et al. Kamihaepyoijin-tang has widely been prescribed and used in Oriental Medicine for controlling and curing of cough, asthma, nasal obstruction. Previous studies have demonstrated that Kamihaepyoijin-tang had analgesic, anticonvulsive effects. But it is uncertain whether Kamihaepyoijin-tang could inhibit the allergic reaction of rats with experimentally induced allergic asthma using EWI method. With such aim. the respiratory patterns and eosinophil infiltration in the tracheal mucosa of the rats were mainly observed. The results were summerized as follows ; 1. The frequency of malformed respiratory patterns in Kamihaepyoijin-tang treated groups were decreased as compared with the control group. 2. The Ratio of malformed respiratory patterns in Kamihaepyoijin-tang treated groups were significantly decreased as compared with the control group(p<0.02). 3. The eosinophil infiltration in Kamihaepyoijin-tang treated groups were decreased as compared with the control group. 4. The eosinophil infiltration that inside of trachea tissue in Kamihaepyoijin-tang treated groups were significantly decreased as compared with the control group(p<0.05). Depending upon above results, it is considered that Kamihaepyoijin-tang has the inhibitory effects on the allergic asthma of rats and suggested that it could be used in relieving patients of the symptoms which are caused by allergic asthma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 1999

배경: 여러 가지 다양한 원인에 의해 기도 협착이 초래된 경우, 단단문합이 가능한 병변을 제외하고는, 기관을 대치할 수 있는 여러 가지 대용물이 고려되고 임상에서도 이용되고 있으나 아직 만족스러운 결과는 보고되고 있지 않다. 이러한 이유로 비가역적 손상을 받은 다른 장기 \ulcorner마찬가지로 기관의 이식술이 고려되고 공여 기관의 자원의 제한으로 인하여 장기간 기관의 보관이 필요하게 되었다. 이에 쥐를 이용한 기관의 이소이식술을 통하여 기관 이식의 임상 적용 가능성 및 초냉동 보관을 통한 장기간 보관의 실험 모델의 정립 및 형태학적 측면에 대한 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 30마리의 Wistar쥐에서 60개의 기관 절편을 취득하여 20마리의 Wistar쥐와 40마리의 Sprague Dawley쥐들의 복부 복강내에 이소 이식하였다. 이식 동물 대상에 따라 실험군은 모두 6개의 군으로 나누었다. I, II, III군은 기관 절편을 취득후 곧바로 이식한 군들이며, IV, V, IV군은 기관 절편을 1개월간 -196$^{\circ}C$에서 초냉동 보관시킨 다음 이식한 군들이다. I군과 IV군은 동인자형 대조군으로 이식 대상 쥐는 공여 쥐와 같은 Wistar쥐였으며 면역억제제를 투여하지 않았다. II군과 V군은 이인자형 이식군으로 모두 Sprague-Dawley쥐로서 면역억제제를 투여하지 않았고, III군과 VI군도 마찬가지로 이인자형 이식군이었으나 면역억제제를 투여하였다. 모든 쥐는 이식술후 28일째 절명시키고 이소 이식된 기관 절편을 분리하여 조직학적 검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 기관 내강 및 상피 세포의 변화는 초냉동 보관의 시행 유무와는 차이가 없었으며, 면역억제제의 투여 유무에 따라 현저한 차이가 관찰되었다(p<0.01). 면역억제제를 투여하였던 III군과 VI군의 경우 기관 내강이 잘 유지되어 있었고 정상 상피 세포의 관찰이 가능하였으나, 나머지 군의 대부분의 기관절편에서 기관 내강이 섬유 조직의 증식에 의해 거의 폐쇄되어 있었고, 상피세포의 소실 및 상피하 조직의 관찰이 힘들었다. 이러한 기관 내강의 섬유 조직의 증식은 폐이식술과 관련된 폐색성 세지관지염의 병리 소견과 유사하였다. 결론: 쥐 기관의 초냉동 보관후의 이소 이식술시 적절한 면역억제제의 투여로 기관 내강 및 기관 상피세포가 잘 유지됨을 알 수 있어, 보다 장기간의 기관 보관이 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 초냉동 보관의 시행 여부와는 상관없이 면역억제제를 투여하지 않은 군에서 폐색성 모세기관지염과 비슷한 양상의 기관 내강의 섬유조직 과잉 증식 및 기관 상피세포의 소실 등이 관찰되었다. 쥐와 같은 소동물에서의 이러한 시도는 폐이식술과 관련된 어려운 문제중의 하나인 폐색성 모세기관지염의 병인, 예방 및 치료를 위한 연구에 있어 좋은 실험 모델이 될 수도 있을 것이다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.68-71
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• 2004

Thymic cysts are uncommon tumors which usually occur in the neck and mediastinum. It is known to arise from embryonic remnants of the thymopharyngeal duct or from inflammation of thymic tissues. Patients with thymic cyst are often asymptomatic and identified after surgical removal and histologic examination. We experienced a 73 year-old man with recently developed dyspnea. During the examination, chest CT showed a $5\times6cm$ sized cystic mass causing deviation of the trachea. It was located in between the right thyroid gland and anterior mediastinum. It also caused tracheal narrowing noted by bronchoscopy. Right anterior cervical incision and removal of the mass was performed and a histological diagnosis of thymic cyst was confirmed. The patient was discharged without complication.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-27
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• 2005

Thymic cysts are uncommon tumors which usually occur in the neck and mediastinum. It is known to arise from embryonic remnants of the thymopharyngeal duct or from infammation of thymic tissues. Patients with thymic cyst are often asymptomatic and identified after surgical removal and histologic examination. We experienced a 73 year-old man with recently developed dyspnea. During the examination, chest CT showed a $5{\times}6cm$ sized cystic mass causing deviation of the trachea. It was located in between the right thyroid gland and anterior mediastinum. It also caused tracheal narrowing noted by bronchoscopy. Right anterior cervical incision and removal of the mass was performed and a histological diagnosis of thymic cyst was confirmed. The patient was discharged without complication.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.458-468
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• 1992

With the aid of extracorporeal circulation, nine dogs underwent orthotopic cardiopulmonary transplantation after preservation of the donor heart in a hypothermic amino acid[glutamate, aspartate] enriched high potassium extracellular solution, and preservation of the donor lung with hypothermic low potassium dextran solution from June 1990 to May 1991. The mean body weights of dogs were 20kg and the recipients` preoperative hematologic and hemodynamic pictures were within normal range except slightly decreased level of albumin and total protein, which was supposed to be due to malnutrition. The following modifications of the original Stanford technique were emphasized: [1] the posterior mediastinum is dissected as little as possible with meticulous hemostasis; [2] the surgical procedure is kept away from the phrenic and vagus nerves; [3] the tracheal anastomosis may be wrapped with recipient`s pulmonary artery flap or surrouding soft tissues. A combination of Cyclosporine, Azathioprine, corticosteroid was used as perioperative immunosuppressive therapy. Postoperatively all recipients could be weaned from extracorporeal circulation, showing favorable vital signs, but within 24 hours, irreversible congetive heart failure, ascites, arrhythmias developed with a mean survival time 13.6$\pm$6.6[n=9, range=6~26] hours. Hemoglobin and platelet counts were significantly[p<0.05] decreased postoperatively, which is thought to be attributed to blood damage by cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodilution. Postmortem finding included multiple subendocardial patch hemorrhage in both atrial and ventricular cavities, pulmonary and liver congestion, and all tracheal anastomoses were intact. Further consideration about quality control of the animal, infection, rejection, the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the experimental animal is required to improve the results.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 1999

This study aimed to find out Oyo-Tang's effects on allergic asthma using the Egg-White Implant(EWI) method model recommended by Siqueira et al. Oyo-Tang has widely been prescribed and used in Oriental Medicine for controlling and curing of cough, nasal obstruction, pharyngeal pain and hoarseness. Previous studies have demonstrated that Oyo-Tang has analgesic, sedative, anticonvulsive, antitussive and antihistamine effects. But it was uncertain whether Oyo-Tang could inhibit the allergic reactions, to alleviate the symptoms of allergic asthma. With such aim. the respiratory patterns and eosinophil infiltration in the tracheal mucosa of rats with experimentally induced allergic asthma (using EWI method) were mainly observed. The results are as follows: 1. Oyo-Tang decreased the number of poor respiration with respect to control group (P<0.05) 2. Oyo-Tang decreased the number of eosinophils infiltrated in tracheal mucosa with respect control group (P<0.05). The above results demonstrate that Oyo-Tang has the inhibitory effects on the process allergic asthma and suggest that it could be used in relieving patients of the symptoms caused allergic asthma.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1217-1222
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• 2002

This study was aimed to find out Kami-Chungsangboha-tang's effects on allergic asthma using Egg-White Implant(EWI) method model recommended by Siqueira et al. Kami-Chungsangboha-tang has widely been prescribed and used in Oriental Medicine for controlling and curing of the symptoms of Asthma(dyspnea, wheezing, cough, sputum, chest discomfort). The Previous studies have demonstrated that Kami-Chungsangboha-tang had analgesic, sedative, anticonvulsive and antihistamine effects. But it was uncertain whether Kami-Chungsangboha-tang could inhibit the allergic reaction, so alleviate the symptoms of allergic asthma. With such aim, the respiratory patterns and eosinophil infiltration in the tracheal mucosa of rats with experimentally induced allergic asthma (using EWI method) were mainly observed. The results are as follows ; 1. Kami-Chungsangboha-tang decreased the number of malformed respiration with respect to control group (p<0.02). 2. Kami-Chungsangboha-tang decreased the number of eosinophils infiltrated in tracheal mucosa with respect to control group (p<0.05). Depending upon above results, it is considered that Kami-Chungsangboha-tang has the inhibitory effects on the process of allergic asthma and suggested that it could be used in relieving patients of the symptoms caused by allergic asthma.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1993년도 학술대회지
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• pp.84-93
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• 1993

It has been reported that ginseng is effective in the central nervous system, immune system, and the strong inflammatory responses. However, there has been no research report yet about the effect of ginseng on allergic hypersensitivity reactivity. To confirm the ginseng effects on the release of mediators(histamine. leukotrienes etc.) which cause the hypersensitivity reactivity and inflammatory response, we used actively sensitized guinea pig airway tissues by utilizing the superfusion technique. In this procedure. the contractile response and mediators released after antigen stimulation of sensitized tissues, and IgG and IgE antibody products were measured in sera of immunized animals. Then the results of the controll group were compared to those of ginseng pretreatment groups. In the total saponin(TS) and panaxatriol(PT) pretreatment, histamine release decreased by $20\%$ in the tracheal tissues after active sensitization by ovalbumin(OVA, 10mg/kg), but in the lung parenchyma, histamine release decreased by $40\%.$ Panaxadiol(PD) significantly decreased histamine release by $40\%$ in the both tissues after active sensitization. TS, PT and PD of ginseng poorly blocked leukotrienes (LTs) and prostagrandin $D_2(PGD_2)$ release(less than $10\%$). Ginseng TS and PT had no effect on the serum IgG antibody production by ovalbumin, whereas PD significantly increased serum IgG antibody contents(approximately by 2 times). However, $IgG_1$ antibody products in the serum of guinea pig actively sensitized with ovalbumin after PD pretreatment were decreased, compared to that with ovalbumin alone. IgE antibody production by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) titer in the TS pretreatment increased 3 times more than in the absence of TS(PCA titer by PT was not detected). These studies show that some ginseng saponins can in part act to inhibit mediator release in antigen - induced airway smooth muscle by inducing the IgG antibody production which has been changed in the specificity.