• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제37권12호
• /
• pp.979-991
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 사행하는 자연하천에 유입된 오염물질의 2차원 확산 특성을 모의하기 위하여 2차원 수심적분 모형인 RMA2와 RMA4를 사용하였다. 먼저 2차원 동수역학적인 모형인 RMA2를 사용하여 흐름장을 모의한 후 이 결과를 2차원 수질모형인 RMA4에 입력하여 농도장을 모의하였다. 수치모형을 S자형 사행수로에서 측정한 흐름 및 추적자 농도자료를 이용하여 검증한 결과, RMA4 모형은 최대유속선이 만곡의 내측에 치우쳐 나타나는 현상을 잘 모의하고 있었으며, RMA4 모형은 오염운의 전반적인 확산 특성과 분리 현상을 적절하게 모의하고 있었다. 수치모형을 실제 하천에 적용하여 현장 실험 결과를 비교한 결과, RMA2 모형은 전체적인 흐름 특성 및 만곡의 외측 제방으로 치우치는 최대유속선의 경향 등을 잘 모의하였으며, RMA4모형은 오염운이 최대유속선을 따라 이동하는 경향 등을 적절하게 재현하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서 분산계수는 실측 농도분포로부터 계산한 값을 미세 조정하여 사용하였으며, 이는 기존의 추정식에 의한 추정치와도 잘 부합하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.79-95
• /
• 2017

A number of field studies have provided evidence that biomass burning is one of the major global sources of atmospheric particles. In this study, we have collected $PM_{2.5}$ emitted from biomass burning combusted at open burning and laboratory chamber situations. The open burning experiment was conducted with the cooperation of 9 farmers in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, while the chamber experiment was designed to evaluate the characteristics of chemical components among 14 different plant species. The analyzed categories were $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentration, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), ionic components ($Na^+$, ${NH_4}^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-insoluble inorganic carbon (WIOC), char-EC and soot-EC. OC was the dominant chemical component, accounting for the major fraction of primary $PM_{2.5}$ derived from biomass burning, followed by EC. Ionic components contributed a small portion of $PM_{2.5}$, as well as that of $K^+$. In some cases, $K^+$ is used as biomass burning tracer; however, the observations obtained in this study suggest that $K^+$ may not always be suitable as a tracer for biomass burning emissions. Also, the results of all the samples tested indicate relatively low values of char-EC compared to soot-EC. From our results, careful consideration should be given to the usage of $K^+$ and char-EC as indicators of biomass burning. The calculated ratios of WSOC/OC and WIOC/OC were 55.7% and 44.3% on average for all samples, which showed no large difference between them. The organic materials to OC ratio, which is often used for chemical mass closure model, was roughly estimated by two independent methods, resulting in a factor of 1.7 for biomass burning emissions.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.207-211
• /
• 1981

수도 주요해충 벼멸구의 내충성품종선별방법을 개발하기 위하여 방사성동위원소 P-32를 이용한 섭식량과 식이선호성과의 관계를 조사중 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 식이선호에 의한 벼멸구의 선호도와 P-32 섭식량간에는 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 2. $ 2\~3$엽기 수도유묘를 표식할 때는 P-32의 비방사능이 $0.1{\mu}Ci/cc$가 되게 하고 처리방법은 근부를 24시간 이상 침적시킨 후 공시충은 48시간 흡즙시키는 것이 품종간차이를 비교하기 용역하였다. 3. 내충성 검정시 공시충은 성충을 이용하고 웅충보다 자충을 이용하는 것이 흡즙량의 차이가 커서 비교하기가 편리하였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.1001-1005
• /
• 2005

This paper evaluates the performance of ventilation for the removal of indoor pollutants as a function of ventilation rate and the number of occupants in a test room and school classroom. An experimental apparatus consists of a test room, a tracer gas supply system, a gas detector, and a fan for ventilation air supply with a controller. The ventilation performance is evaluated in a step-down method based on ASTM Standard E741-83 using $CO_{2}$ gas as a tracer gas in the test room of 35 $m^{3}.$ For the ventilation air flow rate of 1.0 ACH, a recommended ventilation flow rate of Korea school standard for acceptable indoor air quality in the case of one person, CO_{2}$ gas concentration decreases up to $55{\%}$ within 50 minutes without occupancy and increases up to $75{\%}$ in the case of one occupant. Also indoor air quality at the school classroom is investigated experimentally.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2016

In this study, a fluorescent silica nano particle is used as the surrogate for challenging test of membrane surface integrity. The particles are functionalized by a fluorescent dying agent so that as an ultraviolet light is imposed a bright fluorescent image from the particles can be taken. If a membrane surface is damaged and has a compromised part larger than the size of surrogate the fluorescent particles would pass through and contained in the permeate. An operator can directly notice whether the membrane surface is damaged or not by detecting a fluorescent image taken from the permeate. Additionally, the size of compromised part is estimated through analysing the fluorescent image in which we surmise the mass of particles included in the permeate by calculating an average RGB value of the image. The pilot scale experiments showed that this method could be applied successfully to determine if a membrane surface had a damaged parts regardless of the test condition. In the testing on the actual damaged area of $4.712mm^2$, the lowest error of estimating the damaged area was -1.32% with the surrogate concentration of 80 mg/L, flux of $40L/m^2/hr$ for 25 minutes of detection. A further study is still going on to increase the lowest detection limit and thus decrease the error of estimation.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 1973

1. 플루오르를 함유하는 배수가 바다에 유입되었을 때 플루오르화물이온을 그 추적자로 이용할 수 있다. 2. "Dotite"시약 "알풋손"에 의한 해수중의 플루오르 정량법을 검토하였다. 3. 진해만의 플루오르화물이온 농도분포를 조사하여 진해만에 플루오르를 함유하는 배수가 평균 최소한 0.13% 혼입되어 있으며 그것은 진해 모화학공장의 폐수에 기인한다. 그리고 그것이 혼입되어가는 경로를 밝혔다. 그것이 혼입되어가는 경로를 밝혔다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2007

In this study, the cone type baffle (CTB) was developed to improve the flow distribution in an upflow bioreactor. It was composed of two different zones (anoxic and oxic) by inserting the CTB in the middle of the bioreactor. Based on the results of the dye tracer tests, hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the anoxic, oxic and total volume of the bioreactor was found to be 0.998, 1.996 and 2.994 hr, respectively. And the theoretical HRT for each volume was 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 hr, respectively. The values of HRT obtained from the tests coincide with theoretical values. Therefore, the flow pattern for each zone inside the bioreactor, which was divided by the CTB, was dominated by complete mix flow rather than plug flow. Based on the results of the transection measurements, the DO concentration for each zone inside the bioreactor was clearly distinguished. Consequently, the CTB played an important role in the separation of anoxic and oxic zones. Also, the each pollutans were reduced gradually along the height in the oxic zone. The reason is that the biomass in the media layer (Port 4 and 5) was higher than that in the mixed liquor layer without the media (Port 2 and 3).

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 실내 유해가스의 제거효율 향상을 위하여 기계 환기시스템의 환기성능을 분석하는 것이다. 환기성능은 ASTM E741-83 기준에 의거하여 체강법을 사용하여 평가하였다. 추적가스($CO_2$) 기법을 사용하여 환기율과 급기/배기구 위치에 따른 환기성능이 평가되었다. 결과적으로 $CO_2$ 농도는 환기율 증가에 따라 지수적으로 감소하며 환기농도가 증가함을 파악하였다. 2종 환기방식 시스템의 환기성능이 1종 환기방식 또는 3종 환기방식 보다 더 우수하였다. 환경공조챔버에서 자연감쇠의 경우와 비교하여 급기량 570Lpm에서 1시간 후에 재실자가 없는 경우의 환기성능은 55%까지 증가하였고 1인 재실자가 있는 경우의 환기성능은 25%까지 증가하였다. 사무실에서 급기량 570Lpm인 경우 환기성능은 자연감쇠와 비교하여 15% 이상 크게 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.527-533
• /
• 2013

Polyclonal antibodies labeled with a tracer have been commonly used as secondary antibodies in immunochemical assays to quantify the concentration of antibody-antigen complexes. The majority of these antibodies conjugated with a tracer are commercially available, with the exception of few untouched targets. This study focused on the production and application of mouse anti-quail IgY as an intermediate antibody to link between quail egg yolk IgY and goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP as primary and secondary antibodies, respectively. Subsequently, the produced mouse anti-quail IgY was labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and its efficiency on enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with that of commercial rabbit anti-chicken IgY-HRP. As an intermediate antibody, mouse anti-quail IgY was successfully produced with good affinity and sensitivity (1:10,000) to the primary and secondary antibodies. Subsequently, mouse anti-quail IgY was effectively conjugated with HRP enzyme, resulting in a secondary antibody with good sensitivity (1:10,000) to quail anti-V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus IgY. The detection limit was $10^5$ CFU/ml for both V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus. The efficiency of the produced conjugate to detect quail IgY on ELISA was comparable to that of the commercial rabbit anti-chicken IgY-HRP, and hence the produced and labeled mouse anti-quail IgY-HRP can be used as a secondary antibody to detect any antibody produced in quail.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 실내 쾌적성 제어를 위하여 룸 에어컨의 환기성능을 분석한다. 실험장치는 환경공조챔버, 룸 에어컨, 추적가스 측정시스템, 급기팬과 제어기로 구성된다. 환기성능은 ASTM Standard E741-83 기준에 근거하여 환경공조챔버 내 CO2 추적가스기법을 사용한 체강법에 의해 재실자와 급기 환기량에 따라 평가된다. 급기 환기량 증가에 따라 환기성능이 증가함을 파악하였으며 재실자가 없는 경우 CO2 가스는 빠르게 감소하며 이때의 환기성능은 55%까지 증가한다. 그리고 1명의 재실자가 있는 경우 1시간 경과후 급기량 570 lpm에서 환기성능은 자연감쇠와 비교하여 25%까지 증가한다. 실험 데이터를 사용하여 환경공조챔버 내 룸 에어컨의 환기성능 모델링을 도출하였다.