• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2012년도 제46차 학술발표회
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• pp.121-121
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• 2012

To evaluate the Hwangsu spring as natural mordants effect on dyeing. The natural mordant effect of Hwangsu spring was analyzed by pH, temperature, trace elements and organic matter. Hwangsu spring having pH 2.42 and $14.4^{\circ}C$ was harvested at the end of September, 2011, in Yeongcheon(Gyeongbuk Province, Korea) and left on a $0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ before use. The Result of ICP analysis, it contain bned Fe(414.9 ppm), Al(88.9 ppm), Mn(4.9 ppm). Dyeing and post-mordant procedure; Fabrics(cotton, silk, rayon) were dyed with natural colorants(Sopbora Japonica L., Caesalpinia sappan L., Allium cepa L.) for 20 min at $80^{\circ}C$. Hwangsu spring, aluminium sulfate $14-18H_2O(Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}14-18H_2O)$, iron sulfate peptahydrate($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$), copper sulfate pentahydrate($CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$) were used by post mordants. But in the case of Caesalpinia sappan L. was dyed after pre-mordanting with Al(II). The fabrics were dyed with each mordant solutions at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10min. The colorless also was measured by color-differnce meter. Comparison with a synthetic mordants, the K/S values of cotton fabrics dyed with Hwangsu sping were increased.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2018

In this study, effluent water was produced through Submerged Membrane Bio-Reactor(SMBR) process, which is a simple system and decomposes organic matter contained in wastewater with biological treatment process and performs solid-liquid separation, Especially, ozone oxidation treatment process is applied to effluent water containing fluorescent whitening agent, which is a trace pollutant which is not removed by biological treatment, and influences the quality of reused water. The concentration of $COD_{Cr}$ in the SMBR was $449.3mg/{\ell}-COD_{Cr}$, and the concentration of permeate water was $100.3mg/{\ell}-COD_{Cr}$. The removal efficiency was about 70.1%. The amount of ozone required for the removal of the fluorescent whitening agent in the permeated water in SMBR was $6.67g-O_3/min$, and the amount of ozone required to remove $COD_{Mn}$ relative to the permeate water was calculated to remove $0.997mg-COD_{Mn}$ for 1mg of $O_3$.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2011년도 제45차 학술발표회
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• pp.42-42
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• 2011

To evaluate the Hwangsu spring as natural mordants effect on dyeing. The natural mordants effect of Hwangsu spring were analyzed by pH, temperature, trace elements, organic matter and color fastness. Hwangsu spring having pH 2.42 and $14.4^{\circ}C$ was harvested at the end of September, in Yeongcheon (Gyeongbuk Province, Korea) and left on a $0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ before use. Hwangsu spring during storage at $25^{\circ}C$ turned brown by photochemical reaction. The Result of ICP analysis, it contained Fe(414.9 ppm), Al(88.9 ppm), Mn(4.9 ppm) and observed character by water analysis. Dyeing and post-mordant procedure; Cotton(KS K 0905) were dyed with clove powder for 30 min at $70^{\circ}C$. Hwangsu spring, Aluminium Sulfate $14-18H_20(Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}14-18H_2O)$, Iron Sulfate Heptahydrate($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$) were used by post mordant at the same ratio. The dyed fabrics were treated with 20% each mordant solution at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10min. Comparison with a reproduced chemical mordant, the K/S values of cotton fabrics dyed with Hwangsu sping were increased.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1993

토양미생물에 의한 제초제 bentazon(3-isopropyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4-one-2,2-dioxide)의 분해를 구명하기 위하여 성질이 서로 다른 충북지역의 밭토양 2종과 논토양 2종을 담수 및 밭토양 조건하에서 $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ 배양하였다. Bentazon 200 ppm을 처리한 Cheong Won A 토양 (Silty loam; pH, 5.2; 유기물 함량 1.4%)을 6개월 동안 담수상태에서 배양하였을 때 주 분해산물로 6-hydroxy bentazon (1.27%) 및 소량의 8-hydroxy bentazon (0.57%,)과 anthranilic acid (0.13%)가 형성되었다. 한편 bentazon 500 ppm을 처리한 동일토양을 2개월 동안 배양하였을 때는 소량의 6-hydroxy bentazon이 형성되었다. 8종의 미생물을 토양으로 부터 분리하여 순수배양실험을 하였으나 뚜렷한 분해산물을 검출하지 못하였다. Cheong Won A 토양이 Cheong Ju A 토양보다 더욱 큰 dehydrogenase 활성을 나타낸 것으로 보아 전자가 후자보다 더 큰 bentazon 분해력을 가질 것이라고 추측되었다. 세균 14종과 곰팡이 8종에 대하여 bentazun 10 ppm을 처리하고 14일간 배양하였을 때 Rhizopus stolonifer만이 주 분해산물로 anthranilic acid (4.6${\sim}$31.6%) 그리고 소량의 6-hydroxy bentazon과 8-hydroxy bentazon (1.27%)을 형성하였으며, 나머지 미생물에서는 대사산물을 검출할 수 없었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2014

소독부산물의 일종인 트리할로메탄류(THMs)는 정수처리 공정에서 소독제로 사용되는 염소와 수중에 잔존하는 유기물질이 반응하여 생성된다. 일반적으로 염소계 및 브롬계 THMs는 일반적인 수돗물에서 검출되기 때문에 잘 알려져 있으나, 요오드계 THMs (I-THMs)의 경우는 수중에 요오드 이온이 존재할 때 생성된다. I-THMs는 약품취를 유발하며, 또한 염소계나 브롬계 THMs에 비해 인체독성이 더 강한 것으로 알려져 있다. 현재 I-THMs 분석을 위한 공인된 분석법은 없는 실정이다. 10종의 THMs 분석을 위해 headspace 전처리장치와 GC/ECD를 이용하여 최적화된 분석법을 개발하였으며, 개발된 분석법에 의한 검출한계(LOD)와 정량한계(LOQ)는 각각 12 ng/L~56 ng/L 및 38 ng/L~178 ng/L로 나타났다. 강물, 해수 및 하수처리장 최종방류수의 matrix 영향을 평가하였으며, 본 연구에서 개발된 분석법은 별도의 전처리 과정이 필요치 않아 간편하고 빠르며 자동화된 방법으로 수중에 미량으로 함유된 I-THMs 분석에 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2461-2476
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• 2013

To assess environmental contamination with carcinogens, carbonaceous compounds, water-soluble ionic species and trace gaseous species were identified and quantified every three hours for three days st three different atmospheric layer at the heart of chiang-Mai, bangkok and hat-Yai from December 2006 to February 2007. A DRI model 2001 Themal/Optical Carbon Analyzer with the IMPROVE thermal/optical reflectance (TOR) protocol was used to quantify the organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon content in $PM_{10}$. Diurnal and vertical variability was also carefully investigated. In general, OC and EC contenttration shoeed the highest values at the monitoring period o 21.00-00.00 as consequences of human activities at night bazaar coupled with reduction of mixing layer, decreased wind speed and termination of photolysis nighttime. Morning peaks of carboaceous compounds were observed during the sampling period of 06:00 -09:00, emphasizing the main contribution of traffic emission in the three cities. The estimation of incremental lifetime partculate matter exposure (ILPE) raises concern of high risk of carbonaceous accumulation over workers and residents living close to the observatory sites. The average values of incremental lifrtime particulate matter exposure (ILPE) of total carbon at Baiyoke Suit Hotel and Baiyoke Sky Hotel are approsimately ten time shigher then those air sample collected at prince of songkla University Hat-Yai campus corpse incinerator and fish-can maufacturing factory but only slightly higher than those of rice straw burnig in Songkla province. This indicates a high risk of developing lung cancer and other respiratory diseases across workers and residents living in high buildings located in Pratunam area. Using knowledge of carbonaceous fractions in $PM_{10}$, one can estimate the gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Dachs-Eisenreich model highlights the crucial role of adsorption in gas-particle partitioning of low molecular weight PAHs, whereas both absorption and adsorption tend to account for gas-particle partitioning of high molecular weight PAHs in urban residential zones of Thailand. Interestingly, the absorption mode alone plays a minor role in gas-partcle partitiining of PAHs in Chiang-Mai, Bangkok and hat-Yai.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1488-1495
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of post-harvest storage duration and wheat variety on the digestibility and energy content of new season wheat fed to finishing pigs. Two wheat varieties (Shi and Zhong) were harvested in 2013 and stored in the warehouse of the Fengning Pig Experimental Base at China Agricultural University for 3, 6, 9, or 12 mo. For each storage period, 12 barrows were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to diets containing 1 of the 2 wheat varieties in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets contained 97.34% wheat and 2.66% of a vitamin and trace mineral premix. With an extension of storage duration from 3 mo to 12 mo, the gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) of the wheat decreased by 2.0% and 12.01%, respectively, while the concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch content increased by 30.26%, 19.08%, and 2.46%, respectively. Total non-starch polysaccharide, total arabinose, total xylose and total mannose contents decreased by 46.27%, 45.80%, 41.71%, and 75.66%, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the chemical composition between the two wheat varieties with the exception of ADF which was approximately 13.37% lower in Shi. With an extension of storage duration from 3 mo to 12 mo, the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) content and the apparent total tract digestibility of GE, CP, dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, ADF and metabolizability of energy in wheat decreased linearly (p<0.01) by 5.74%, 7.60%, 3.75%, 3.88%, 3.50%, 2.47%, 26.22%, 27.62%, and 3.94%, respectively. But the digestibility of NDF changed quadratically (p<0.01). There was an interaction between wheat variety and storage time for CP digestibility (p<0.05), such that the CP digestibility of variety Zhong was stable during 9 mo of storage, while the CP digestibility of variety Shi decreased (p<0.05). In conclusion, the GE, DE, and ME of wheat was stable during the first 3 to 6 mo of post-harvest storage, and decreased during the following 6 to 12 mo of storage under the conditions of this study.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1562-1570
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• 2007

본인들은 주류생산 부산물인 주박을 이용한 친환경적인 비료를 개발하고자 한다. 본 시험에 사용된 주박에는 잔존 알코올함량이 평균 5-8%이며, 주요성분으로 6.04% 총질소량, 42.59% 총탄수화물량, 1.01% 유용 인산량, 73.42% 유기물량, 7.72% $K_2O$, 1.35% CaO와 0.53% MgO을 함유하고 있었다. 주박은 980 units/g의 ${\alpha}-amylase$, 300 units/g의 glucoamylase와 1,800 units/g의 산성 protease활성을 나타내어 비교적 높은 수준의 효소 활성을 나타내었다. 토양으로부터 분리한 미생물 중 항 진균활성이 우수한 근권세균인 Bacillus subtilis KMU-13을 분리, 생화학적 특성과 16s rDNA 분석에 의하여 Bacillus subtilis KMU-13으로 동정했다. 식물병원성 진균인 Botrytis cinerea KACC 40573, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum KACC 41065, Fusairum of oxysporum KACC 40052, Pythium aphanidermatum KACC 40156, Phytophthora capsici KACC 40476와 Glomerella cingulata KACC 40299에 대하여 높은 항 진균활성을 나타내었다. 시제품은 동결건조 주박을 직접 시제품으로 사용하는 시제품 1과 동결건조 주박 20%, 담체 70%, B. subtilis KMU-13의 배양액 9.7%, 미량원소 0.3%를 혼합하여 시제품 2를 제작했다. 시제품 1과 시제품 2의 상추를 이용한 포장 재배시험에 대한 비료효과 및 토양이화학성 변화를 조사한 결과, 3요소비료, 퇴비 및 석회를 시용한 관행구에 비해 수확기의 엽장, 엽폭, 엽수 및 생체중량 등이 증가하였으며, 토양 이화학성의 변화는 거의 없었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1987

전해질(電解質) 용액내(溶液內)에서 이탄표면(泥炭表面)의 하전량변화(荷電量變化)와 이탄유기물(泥炭有機物)의 화학적(化學的) 성질(性質)에 관하여 조사(調査)하였다. 두이탄(泥炭)의 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)은 영양산(産) 이탄(泥炭)이 43.3%, 평택산(産) 이탄(泥炭)이 53.7%이였으며 점토(粘土) 광물(鑛物)은 대부분(大部分)의 석영(石英)과 미량(微量)의 illite 장석류(長石類), kaolinite, hydated-halloysite가 각각(各各) 혼재(混在)되어 있었다. 시료중(試料中)의 총산기(總酸基)의 량(量)은 평택산(産) 이탄(泥炭)이 1,257me/g로서, 영양산(産) 이탄(泥炭)보다 약간 많았으며, 유기물(有機物)의 pKa값은 영양산(産) 이탄(泥炭)이 13.1, 평택산(産) 이탄(泥炭)이 12.65이었다. 산(酸), 알칼리 적정곡선(滴定曲線)은 영양산(産) 이탄(泥炭)은 pH 3.9와 4.4에서, 평택산(産) 이탄(泥炭)은 pH 3.8과 4.0에서 교차 되었다. 음양(陰陽) ion 흡착량(吸着量)의 경우 영양산(産) 이탄(泥炭)에서는 $pH\;4.55{\sim}5.20(NaCl),\;pH\;3.95{\sim}5.70(CaCl_2)$에서, 평택산(産) 이탄(泥炭)의 경우에는 $pH\;4.15{\sim}5.40(NaCl),\;pH\;3.80{\sim}4.15(CaCl_2)$에서 각각(各各) 총하전량(總荷電量)이 양(陽)에서 음(陰)으로 바뀌었다. 그래서 본이탄(本泥炭)의 ZPC(Zero point of charge)는 pH 4.0 부근에서 형성(形成)되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 분석과학
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2018

2010년 11월말 5번째 구제역이 발생하여 가축 매몰지로 인한 악취물질, 지하수, 음용수 등에 2차 환경오염 발생 가능성에 대한 문제제기 등 환경영향 저감 방안 마련이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 축종별, 토성별 파일럿 규모 가축매몰지 5기를 설치하여 2012년 2월부터 2015년 2월까지 약 3년 동안 침출수를 채취하여 90 항목을 분석하였으며, 매몰사체의 유기물 분해특성, 사체관련 미량원소 특히 대사체 물질 농도변화, 사체분해정도 등을 정밀 조사하였다. 그 결과 비소, 카드뮴 등 대부분의 중금속은 검출되지 않았으며 토성에 따른 축종별 분해정도를 파악한 결과 돼지보다는 소가 더 빨리 분해되고 사질 > 식양질 > 사양질 토양 순으로 사체분해가 이루어지는 것으로 판단된다.