• 제목/요약/키워드: trace organic by-products

검색결과 14건 처리시간 0.034초

음용수 소독 미량 유기오염물질 생성에 대한 생물활성탄(Biological Activated Carbon)의 흡착제거 특성 (The Adsorption Removal Characteristics of Trace Organic By-Products in Disinfection of Drinking Water by Biological Activated Carbon(BAC))

  • 옥치상;김정아;배기철
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.53-68
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    • 1992
  • In order to research the adsorption removal characteristics of trace organic by-products in disinfection of drinking water by biological activated carbon(BAC), water samples disinfect- ted with $Cl_2$, $O_3$ and $ClO_2$ after treatment by fluidized-bed system with water added with humic acid(10mg/L) were investigated the formation and the removal of trihalomethanes (THMs), and the trace organic by-products by gas chromatography(GC) II gas chromatography/mass selective detector(GC/MSD). Control was used by activated carbon(AC) and water added with humic acid(HA). The results were summarized as follow : The THMs removal effect of BAC by chlorination was in lower 90 % than that of control(HA), the sorts of oxidants formed by $Cl_2$ , $O_3$ and $ClO_2$ were that $O_3$ was very fewer than $Cl_2$ or $ClO_2$, and that $ClO_2$ was fewer than $Cl_2$. The trace organic by-products were esters and phthalates etc. Based on results above, it is concluded that BAC was appeared the more desirable adsorbtion-degradation removal characteristics than that of AC.

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Electrochemical dehalogenation of disinfection by-products and iodine-containing contrast media: A review

  • Korshin, Gregory;Yan, Mingquan
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.345-353
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    • 2018
  • This paper summarizes results of research on the electrochemical (EC) degradation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and iodine-containing contrast media (ICMs), with the focus on EC reductive dehalogenation. The efficiency of EC dehalogenation of DBPs increases with the number of halogen atoms in an individual DBP species. EC reductive cleavage of bromine from parent DBPs is faster than that of chlorine. EC data and quantum chemical modeling indicate that the EC reduction of iodine-containing DBPs (I-DBPs) is characterized by the formation of active iodine that reacts with the organic substrate. The occurrence of ICMs has attracted attention due to their association with the generation of I-DBPs. Indirect EC oxidation of ICMs using anodes that produce reactive oxygen species can result in a complete degradation of these compounds yet I-DBPs are formed in the process. Reductive EC deiodination of ICMs is rapid and its overall rate is diffusion-controlled yet I-DBPs are also produced in this reaction. Further progress in practically feasible EC methods to remove DBPs, ICMs and other trace-level organic contaminants requires the development of novel electrocatalytic materials, elimination of mass transfer limitations via innovative design of 3D electrodes and EC reactors, and further progress in the understanding of intrinsic mechanisms of EC reactions of DBPs and TrOC at EC interfaces.

물 속의 자연 유기물 성분이 환경에 미치는 영향 (Constituent of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) and its Effect in Water)

  • 손호경;;김종호
    • 공업화학
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.119-124
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    • 2006
  • 물 속에 존재하는 자연 유기물의 성분은 계절과 장소에 따라 다양하게 변하므로 이들 성분에 대한 고찰과 이들이 환경에 미치는 영향을 고찰할 필요가 있다. 본 총설에서는 물 속에 존재하는 휴믹 물질, 탄수화물, 단백질(아미노산), hexosamine, 유지, 오일, 그리스 및 미량 유기물질(내분비교란화학물질과 의약품) 등의 자연 유기물의 특성을 정리하였다.

산업폐수중 미량유기오염물질 배출 특성 (A Study on the Characteristic Trace Organic Pollutants in the Industrial Wastewater)

  • 정영희;김삼권;신선경;강인구;이재인;이원석;이준배
    • 분석과학
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.62-72
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    • 1998
  • 본 연구에서는 산업용화학, 조립금속, 고무 플라스틱 및 석유정제 등 4개 업종을 정밀조사 대상업종으로 선정하였으며, 선정된 대상업종의 30개 업소에 대하여 원폐수 및 방류수 등의 시료를 채취하여 분석한 결과를 토대로 업종별 미량유기오염물질의 배출특성을 파악하였다. 산업용화학의 경우에는 생산되는 제품의 종류가 매우 다양하기 때문에 폐수중에 함유되어 있는 유기오염물질의 종류 또한 매우 다양하여 산업용화학을 대표할 수 있는 특성미량유기오염물질의 선정이 곤란하였고, 조립금속업 배출 폐수는 유기물 함량이 적고, 반휘발성 화합물의 양은 미비한 정도이며 휘발성 유기화합물은 탈지 및 세척과정에서 사용되는 몇가지 유기용제류가 검출되는 특성을 보인다. 석유정제업은 원유의 상압증류공정중 탈염공정에서 폐수가 다량 발생되며, 이 공정에서 발생되는 폐수에는 휘발성 유기화합물로 benzene, toluene, xylene 등과 반휘발성 유기화합물로는 saturated hydrocarbon, phenol compounds 및 benzene, naphthalene 등의 aromatic compounds들이 배출되었다. 이들 폐수에는 유류가 함유되어있기 때문에 $C_{15}{\sim}C_{35}$의 saturated hydrocarbons이 일정한 간격으로 배출되는 전형적인 유류 패턴을 나타내고 있다. 고무 플라스틱제조업에서는 몇몇 업소를 제외하면 우리나라 대부분의 업소가 중 소규모의 업소로서 주로 원료 및 부원료의 용융 및 성형공정만으로 제품을 생산하는 단순공정으로 이루어져 있기 때문에 폐수발생량 자체가 없거나 있다하더라도 소량이며, 또한 제품의 냉각과정에서 사용되는 냉각수도 대부분 재사용되고 있어 폐수가 크게 문제되지 않는 업종으로 판단되었다.

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Application of a Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric Method for the Determination of Butyltin Compounds in Sediment

  • Won, Yong-Il;Jung, Pyong-Gil;Chung, Min-Young;Kim, Byung-Joo;Yim, Yong-Heon;So, Hun-Young;Kim, Yong-Seong
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제25권10호
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    • pp.1508-1512
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    • 2004
  • A gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method has been developed for the determination of trace mono-n-butyltin (MBT), di-n-butyltin (DBT), and tri-n-butyltin (TBT) compounds in sediments. Samples were extracted by 10% acetic acid in methanol containing 0.03% tropolone and were then derivatized for GC/MS analysis. Ethylation by sodium tetraethylborate and phenylation by sodium tetraphenylborate were evaluated as a derivatization reaction of the organotins in sample extract. n-Hexane was added into reaction media in the beginning of the reaction for the continuous extraction of derivatized organotins. Ethylation requires less than 2 hours to get proper derivatization yields for MBT, DBT, and TBT altogether and produces relatively low amounts of side reaction products. Compared to ethylation, phenylation requires much longer time but provides relatively lower yield and produces considerable amounts of side reaction products. Therefore, the ethylation reaction was applied for the analysis of organotin compounds in sediment. An isotope dilution mass spectrometric (IDMS) method based on GC/MS has been applied to the accurate determination of DBT compounds in the sediments. The IDMS results from the analyses of sediment samples showed a reasonable repeatability and a good agreement with the values obtained by IDMS based on liquid chromatography/induced coupled plasma/mass spectrometry.

Effects of Asian Dust (KOSA) Deposition Event on Bacterial and Microalgal Communities in the Pacific Ocean

  • Maki, Teruya;Ishikawa, Akira;Kobayashi, Fumihisa;Kakikawa, Makiko;Aoki, Kazuma;Mastunaga, Tomoki;Hasegawa, Hiroshi;Iwasaka, Yasunobu
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.157-163
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    • 2011
  • Atmospheric aerosol deposition caused by Asian dust (KOSA) events provide nutrients, trace metals, and organic compounds over the Pacific Ocean that enhance ocean productivity and carbon sequestration and, thus, influence the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate. Using dust particles obtained from the snow layers on Mt. Tateyama and the surface sand of Loess Plateau in incubation experiments with natural seawater samples on a shipboard, we demonstrate that dust-particle additions enhanced the bacterial growth on the first day of incubation. Gram-positive bacterial group and alpha-proteobacteria were specifically detected form seawater samples including the mineral particles. Although the remarkable dynamics of trace elements and nutrients depend on dust-particle additions, it is possible that organic compounds present in the mineral particles or transported microbial cells could also contribute to an increase in the quantities of bacteria. The chlorophyll concentrations at fractions of every size indicated a similar pattern of change between the seawater samples with and without the dust-particle additions. In contrast, the chlorophyll measurement using submersible fluorometer revealed that the dynamics of phytoplankton composition were influenced by the dust-particles treatments. We conclude that the phytoplankton that uses the bacterial products would increase their biomass. We show that KOSA deposition can potentially alter the structures of bacterial communities and indirectly influence the patterns of marine primary production in the Pacific Ocean.

견운모를 이용한 벽마감용 천연페인트 제조 (Preparation of Natural Wall Paint by Using Sericite Clay)

  • 김무늬;랄문시아마;이승목;진강중
    • 공업화학
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    • 제28권5호
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    • pp.501-505
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    • 2017
  • 급격한 도시화와 인구 증가로 인한 건물의 밀폐성 증가로 심각한 실내 공기 오염을 야기하고 있다. 몇몇 실내 공기오염물질 중 페인트에서 방출되는 휘발성 유기화합물(VOCs)이 주요 관심사이다. 따라서 친환경적인 페인트 제품 개발에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 점토광물인 견운모를 사용하여 벽마감용 천연페인트를 제조하였다. 소규모 챔버를 사용하여 벽마감용 천연페인트에 존재하는 독성물질 확인 실험을 하였으며, 2개의 상업용 페인트와 비교 분석하였다. 총 VOC 양은 trace로 권장 실내 공기질 기준보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 벽마감용 천연페인트에서 톨루엔은 검출되지 않았으며 포름알데히드가 trace 레벨로 측정되었다. 독성지수 분석결과 2가지 친환경 상업용 페인트와 비교하여 본 연구에서 개발된 천연페인트가 낮은 유해물질 방출을 나타내었다. 건축자재등급 실험에서 벽마감용 천연페인트가 1등급으로 분류되었다. 이상의 연구결과에서 나타난 바와 같이 벽마감용 천연페인트의 주성분으로 견운모를 사용하는 것이 실내 공기질을 관리하는데 유용할 것이라 판단된다.

Anaerobic Biotreatment of Animal Manure - A review of current knowledge and direction for future research -

  • Hong, Jihyung
    • 한국축산시설환경학회지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 2005
  • Anaerobic decomposition is one of the most common processes in nature and has been extensively used in waste and wastewater treatment for several centuries. New applications and system modifications continue to be adapted making the process either more effective, less expensive, or suited to the particular waste in question and the operation to which it is to be applied. Animal manure is a highly biodegradable organic material and will naturally undergo anaerobic fermentation, resulting in release of noxious odors, such as in manure storage pits. Depending on the presence or absence of oxygen in the manure, biological treatment process may be either aerobic or anaerobic. Under anaerobic conditions, bacteria carry on fermentative metabolisms to break down the complex organic substances into simpler organic acids and then convert them to ultimately formed methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic biological systems for animal manure treatment include anaerobic lagoons and anaerobic digesters. Methane and carbon dioxide are the principal end products of controlled anaerobic digestion. These two gases are collectively called biogas. The biogas contains $60\~70\%$ methane and can be used directly as a fuel for heating or electrical power generation. Trace amounts of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide ($100\~300\;ppm$) are always present in the biogas stream. Anaerobic lagoons have found widespread application in the treatment of animal manure because of their low initial costs, ease of operation and convenience of loading by gravity flow from the animal buildings. The main disadvantage is the release of odors from the open surfaces of the lagoons, especially during the spring warm-up or if the lagoons are overloaded. However, if the lagoons are covered and gases are collected, the odor problems can be solved and the methane collected can be used as a fuel. Anaerobic digesters are air-tight, enclosed vessels and are used to digest manure in a well-controlled environment, thus resulting in higher digestion rates and smaller space requirements than anaerobic lagoons. Anaerobic digesters are usually heated and mixed to maximize treatment efficiency and biogas production. The objective of this work was to review a current anaerobic biological treatment of animal manure for effective new technologies in the future.

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제초제 Bentazon 의 토양미생물에 의한 분해 (Degradation of the Herbicide Bentazon by Soil Microorganisms)

  • 이재구;조광래;오경석;경기성
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.121-128
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    • 1993
  • 토양미생물에 의한 제초제 bentazon(3-isopropyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4-one-2,2-dioxide)의 분해를 구명하기 위하여 성질이 서로 다른 충북지역의 밭토양 2종과 논토양 2종을 담수 및 밭토양 조건하에서 $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ 배양하였다. Bentazon 200 ppm을 처리한 Cheong Won A 토양 (Silty loam; pH, 5.2; 유기물 함량 1.4%)을 6개월 동안 담수상태에서 배양하였을 때 주 분해산물로 6-hydroxy bentazon (1.27%) 및 소량의 8-hydroxy bentazon (0.57%,)과 anthranilic acid (0.13%)가 형성되었다. 한편 bentazon 500 ppm을 처리한 동일토양을 2개월 동안 배양하였을 때는 소량의 6-hydroxy bentazon이 형성되었다. 8종의 미생물을 토양으로 부터 분리하여 순수배양실험을 하였으나 뚜렷한 분해산물을 검출하지 못하였다. Cheong Won A 토양이 Cheong Ju A 토양보다 더욱 큰 dehydrogenase 활성을 나타낸 것으로 보아 전자가 후자보다 더 큰 bentazon 분해력을 가질 것이라고 추측되었다. 세균 14종과 곰팡이 8종에 대하여 bentazun 10 ppm을 처리하고 14일간 배양하였을 때 Rhizopus stolonifer만이 주 분해산물로 anthranilic acid (4.6${\sim}$31.6%) 그리고 소량의 6-hydroxy bentazon과 8-hydroxy bentazon (1.27%)을 형성하였으며, 나머지 미생물에서는 대사산물을 검출할 수 없었다.

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주사전자현미경 및 X선회절법에 의한 탄화 MDF의 특성 (Characterization of Carbonized MDF by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction)

  • 이선화;박상범;권성민;박종영;김남훈
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.208-215
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    • 2009
  • 포름알데히드 등 유해 휘발성유기화합물(VOC)의 제거성능을 지닌 MDF 탄화보드를 개발하기 위한 기초연구의 일환으로 MDF를 여러 온도에서 탄화하여 주사전자현미경법 및 X선회절법에 의하여 특성을 조사하였다. 주사전자현미경 관찰 결과, 탄화 된 MDF의 내층부 보다 표층부에서, 측면내층부에 비해 측면표층부에서 압착된 섬유의 형태가 나타났으며, 다수의 이물질도 관찰되었다. 그러나 탄화온도가 상승함에 따라서 이물질이 제거되었고 공극의 증가가 관찰되었다. 섬유벽 표면과 내강측에서 주름형태가 관찰되었고 세포내강측 보다 외부 표면의 주름형태가 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 또한 벽공의 손상은 크지 않았고 벽공이 존재하는 부위에서 주름형태가 적게 나타났다. X선회절 결과, 셀룰로오스 결정은 탄화온도 $400^{\circ}C$에서 배향성을 잃으며 붕괴되었으나 약간의 결정성은 남아있는 것이 확인되었다. 그러나, $1,000^{\circ}C$에서 탄화한 MDF는 셀룰로오스 결정이 모두 붕괴되었고 탄소원자에 의한 비결정성 회절강도곡선을 나타내었다.