• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 1996

Total suspended particulate matters (TSP) were collected based on a size segregation method by a cascade impactor for 6 consecutive years (form Dec. 1989 to sep. 1994) in the Kyung Hee University-Suwon Campus, and 6 trace metals (Ca, Si, Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn) were determined by an x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Total number of samples collected during the study are 118 sets and each set of sample comsists of 9 filters. The levels of TSP and 6 trace metals were then used to examine seasonal and annual variations with respects to their size distributions. For statistical analyses, raw data were initially transformed by both logarithmic and root transformating to approximately normalize them, and then size distribution functions for each trace element were separately developed season-to-season by a regression analysis in order to obtain maximum amount of physical information, Subsequently, each developed model was verified by comparing with supervised data collected on 1994. The result showed that each prediction model was in good agreement except the fall, partly due to lack of the data collected on fall, 1994.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.195-197
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• 1993

This study investigated the contamination of trace metals on edible visceras : tongue, intestine, lung, testis, gira, blood, liver, stomach, and kidney. The edible visceras were selected at random from ten markets in Seoul. The edible visceras underwent freeze drying prior to analysis. The contents of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, magnases, molybdenum, lead, and zinc were detected by ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometry). The results showed that the levels of trace metals in all the samples fall within the tolerance limit and cadmium in lung tended to be high(>0.1 ppm). Therefore, we may study and investigate continuously on the food contamination of heavy metals for the public health.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.540-545
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• 2009

Aloe (Aloe vera L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. tuberculatus Gabaj.) and sponge.gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.) are well utilized in Asian countries as traditional medicines and cosmetics, or foods. And we carried out an experiment to see if there are some specific ratios among trace metals on the plants. Though the metal concentrations varied significantly depending on the sampling periods, aloe gel is high in iron (Fe) and calcium (Ca). Cucumber fruit juice is also high in iron (Fe) and potassium (K). Sponge.gourd sap contains a high amount of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca). The uses of the previous 3 plant parts are considered to have some relations to their different ratios and of their trace metals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4249-4253
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• 2012

While associations between trace elements and heavy metals with prostate cancer are still debatable, they have been considered as risk factors for prostate cancer. Thus, this study aimed to detect any links between selected minerals and heavy metals including Se, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe with prostate cancer. A case control study was carried out among 100 subjects (case n=50, control n=50), matched for age and ethnicity. Trace elements and heavy metals level in hair and nail samples were determined by ICP-MS. Mean selenium levels in hair and nail of the cases were significantly lower as compared to controls. A similar trend was noted for zinc in both hair and nail samples, whereas the mean level of copper was significantly higher in cases than controls. Similar elevation was noted for iron and manganese (p<0.05 for all parameters). Low levels of selenium and zinc and high levels of copper, iron and manganese appear to be associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Further studies to elucidate the causal mechanisms and appropriate chemopreventive measures are needed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.503-511
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• 2006

Airborne particles collected from a heavily industrialized site were analyzed by chemical speciation of seven trace metals: Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and As. The average concentrations were as follows: $Zn,\;502.0{\pm}230.7;\;Pb,\;176.5{\pm}310.9;\;Cu,\;111.9{\pm}82.7;\;As,\;38.0{\pm}31.0;\;Cr,\;21.5{\pm}24.4;\;Cd,\;20.8{\pm}17.4;\;and\;Ni,\;11.4{\pm}8.4\;ng/m^3$. The median enrichment factor (EF) values of Cd (7,280), As (1,030), Cu (215), Zn (214), and Pb (143), with respect to iron, were much larger than 100. We observed that Cd was found in the soluble and exchange- able form (56.9%), and that Pb and Cr were found in carbonates, oxides and the reducible form (69.8% and 61.1%, respectively). These two forms, which are the most easily absorbed into human body tissue, predominated in most of the trace metals investigated in this study.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.159-168
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• 1989

Nutrients and trace metals of copper and nickel were investigated in the inner part of Deukryang Bay (southern coast of Korea) during 1980-81. This region is characterized as permanently well-mixed coastal waters. Because of this hydrographic condition, nutrients and trace metals showed interesting features in their seasonal cycles. The concentrations of dissolved nutrients and dissolved trace metals were higher in fall and winter than in spring and summer, while the concentrations of suspended particulates and particulate trace metals were much higher in winter than the rest of the year. Seasonal changes of nutrients suggest that the addition of nutrients via freshwater runoff during the late summer enhanced phytoplankton growth and subsequently caused phytoplankton blooms in winter. Depletion of nitrate seems to terminate phytoplankton bloom in this region, and copper and nickel appeared to be controlled by the in situ primary production.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.789-797
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• 2015

The concentrations of trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Zn) were determined in 49 surface sediment samples collected in Yeoja and Gangjin Bays on the south coast of Korea, which contain many shellfish farms, in order to assess the contamination level and to understand the spatial distribution of trace metals. The average metal concentrations in the surface sediments of both bays decreased in the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > As > Cd > Hg. There were no differences in metal concentrations between shellfish farms and reference sites. The metal concentrations were significantly higher in Gangjin Bay than in Yeoja Bay. Notably, the Cu, Cd, and Hg concentrations were nearly twice as high in Gangjin Bay as in Yeoja Bay. A multivariate analysis showed a strong correlation among Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, and Cr in the sediments of both bays, implying that the metal concentrations in the sediments in the study area were mainly dependent on natural processes, such as crustal components and diagenesis. Based on the geoaccumulation index and marine sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the surface sediments in Yeoja and Gangjin Bays are not polluted by trace metals.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.421-430
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• 2000

To study the distribution and the behavior of trace metals in Kwangyang Bay, surface water samples were collected four times from August 1997 to May 1998 and were analyzed for trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer. Dissolved Co and Fe concentrations were comparatively high near the Seomjin River mouth. Particulate trace metal contents were relatively high near the Sueochun River mouth and near the Yeochun industrial complex. Distribution coefficients ($K_d$; $Lkg^1$) between dissolved and particulate phases of Fe, Pb, Co, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cd were $1.67{\times}10^8$, $1.37{\times}10^6$, $7.25{\times}10^5$, $4.43{\times}10^5$, $1.39{\times}10^5$, $9.1{\times}10^4$ and $1.8{\times}10^4$, respectively. In Kwangyang Bay, particulate trace-metal concentrations were as high as dissolved ones and showed seasonal and geographic variations.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.638-648
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• 2013

To understand the geochemical characteristics of intertidal sediment in a semi-enclosed bay, we measured various geochemical parameters, including grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, and As), in intertidal sediment from three bays (Deukryang Bay, Yeoja Bay, and Gamak Bay) in the southern region of Jeollanam Province. The intertidal sediment in Deukryang Bay consisted of various sedimentary types, such as sand, gravelly muddy sand, mud, and silt, whereas the intertidal sediments in Yeoja and Gamak Bays were composed mainly of mud. The concentrations of IL, COD, AVS and trace metals in the intertidal sediments of the three study regions were relatively high near areas affected by input of stream waters and/or shellfish farming waste. The concentrations of organic matter and trace metals in Gamak Bay were much higher than those in Deukryang and Yeoja Bays, which appears to be due to the influence of anthropogenic pollutants, originating from the city and the industrial complex near Gamak Bay. The evaluation results of organic matter and metal pollution using the sediment quality guidelines showed that the intertidal sediments in the three study regions were not polluted in terms of organic matter and trace metals. In future, sustainable management for sources of organic matter and trace metal is necessary to conserve a healthy benthic ecosystem in intertidal sediments.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.626-637
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• 2013

We measured the grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and trace metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Hg, and As) of intertidal surface sediment collected from 11 islands (62 stations) in the southern region of Jeollanam Province. The objective of this research was to evaluate the organic matter and trace metals contaminations of sediments from coastal island tidal flats. Surface sediment texture was characterized as follows: mud, sandy silt, muddy sand, and slightly gravelly sand facies. The finer sediments are mainly dominated in the northern part of each island. The concentrations of IL, COD, AVS and some trace metals (Al, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Hg) were higher in the northwestern part of Wan Island and the area between Gogeum and Sinji Islands, and were associated with relatively finer sediment, as compared to other locations. The concentrations of Mn, Pb, Cd, and As were higher in the northwestern and southeastern parts of Geoguem and Pyungil Islands, but were not correlated with mean grain size. Based on sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the concentrations of trace metals were lower than the values of effect range low (ERL), used in United States, and threshold effects level (TEL), used in Korea, with exception of As. Similarly, the intertidal sediments were moderately contaminated with As, based on the the enrichment factor (EF) and the geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$). The high concentration of As in intertidal sediments from this study region may be due to the input of naturally or artificially contaminated submarine groundwater, contaminated waste from seaweed aquaculture operations and/or land-based seaweed processing facilities. Further studies are needed to identify the sources of As in this study region, and to determine the effects of As contamination on coastal ecosystem.